Masdevallia

Masdevallia
Masdevallia
Masdevallia caudata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Epidendreae
Subtribe: Pleurothallidinae
Genus: Masdevallia
Ruiz & Pav.
Subgenera

About one dozen, see text
Diversity
About 500 species
Synonyms

Acinopetala
Alaticaulia
Luerella Braas
Rodrigoa Braas

Masdevallia, abbreviated Masd in horticultural trade, is a large genus of flowering plants of the Pleurothallidinae, a subtribe of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). There are over 500 species, grouped into several subgenera. The genus is named for Jose Masdeval, a physician and botanist in the court of Charles III of Spain.

Contents

Range, ecology and description

These plants are found from Mexico to southern Brazil, but mostly in the higher regions (2,500-4,000 m ASL) of the Andes of Ecuador and Colombia, Peru and Bolivia. They may be epiphytes, terrestrials or growing as lithophytes on damp rocks.

The plant grows from a short, creeping rhizome from which appear minute pseudobulbs; some are hemicryptophytes. Each pseudobulb carries one fleshy, smooth leaf held in tufts. The green leaves are ovate or lanceolate.

They bloom usually during summer. The triangular flowers grow on short pedicels and are about 6 cm wide. On each pedicel there is ordinarily just one flower, but sometimes there may be several (e.g. in Masdevallia polysticta). The petals and the tongue-shaped or shell-shaped lip are small and are partly hidden deep inside the flower. The three large sepals are fused along their edges and commonly have long tails. The sepals are often very brightly colored and/or boldly marked, large and showy, while the rest of the flower is inconspicuous.

Selected species

Main article: List of Masdevallia species

Taxonomy and systematics

While several genera have been included in Masdevallia in the attempt to make it a natural monophyletic group, Jostia, Spilotantha and the former subgenus Teagueia[1] have been split off in the process. Not all authors accept this decision at present, and the final consensus remains to be established on this matter.

Subgenera

Veitch's Masdevallia, Masdevallia (Masdevallia) veitichiana, is in section Masdevallia, subsection Coccineae

There is a lot of variation between the orchids of the genus Masdevallia. This had led to a further division into subgenera, sections and subsections.[2]

  • Subgenus Amanda (the name is not valid if Spilotantha is accepted)
    • Section Amandae: 28+ species, e.g. M. amanda, M. bulbophyllopsis, M. melanopus, M. polysticta. Separated in Spilotantha.
    • Section Ophioglossae: 1-2 species – M. ophioglossa, M. ophioglossa ssp. grossa
  • Subgenus Cucullatia: 4 species – M. cerastes, M. corniculata, M. cucullata, M. macrura
  • Subgenus Fissia: 3 species – M. mutica, M. picturata, M. pleurothalloides
  • Subgenus Masdevallia
    • Section Amaluzae: 6 species, e.g. M. amaluzae, M. carmenensis, M. patula
    • Section Aphanes: 3 species – M. aphanes, M. capillaris, M. scopaea
    • Section Caudivolvulae: Monotypic – M. caudivolvula
    • Section Coriaceae :
      • Subsection Coriaceae: ~35 species, e.g. M. angulata, M. caesia, M. civilis, M. elephanticeps, M. foetens, M. fractiflexa
      • Subsection Durae: 4 species – M. ayabacana, M. dura, M. panguiensis, M. utriculata
    • Section Ligiae: Monotypic – M. ligiae
    • Section Masdevallia:
    • Section Mentosae: Monotypic – M. mentosa
    • Section Minutae: ~21 species, e.g. M. floribunda, M. herradurae, M. minuta, M. nicaraguae, M. wendlandiana
    • Section Racemosae: Monotypic – M. racemosa
    • Section Reichenbachianae:
      • Subsection Dentatae : 2 species – M. collina, M. macrogenia
      • Subsection Reichenbachianae: ~11 species, e.g. M. rolfeana, M. schroderiana, M. striatella
  • Subgenus Meleagris: 7 species, e.g. M. anisomorpha, M. heteroptera, M. meleagris
  • Subgenus Nidifica: 4-5 species: e.g. M. dynastes, M. nidifica (including M. ventricosa)
  • Subgenus Pelecaniceps: Monotypic – M. pelecaniceps
  • Subgenus Polyantha[verification needed]
  • Subgenus Pygmaeia: 5 species, e.g. M. anachaeta, M. erinacea, M. pygmaea
  • Subgenus Scabripes
  • Subgenus Volvula

Footnotes

  1. ^ Jost [2008]
  2. ^ Luer (1984-2003)

References

  • Gerritsen, Mary E. & Parsons, Ron (2005): Masdevallias, Gems of the Orchid World. Timber Press.
  • Jost, Lou [2008]: Monograph of the genus Teagueia Luer (Orchidaceae). Retrieved 2008-NOV-30.
  • Luer, Carlyle A.: Icones Pleurothallidinarum, Systematics of Masdevallia (multiple volumes). Missouri Botanical Garden Press. (1984–2003)

External links


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Masdevallia — herradurae Systematik Ordnung: Spargelartige (Asparagales) Familie …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Masdevallia — Masdevalia …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Masdevallia — (M. R. et P.), Pflanzengattung, benannt nach Jos. Masdeval (einem spanischen Arzte u. Botaniker), aus der Familie Orchidae Vandeae; Arten in Südamerika …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Masdevallĭa — Ruiz et Pav., Gattung der Orchideen, meist dicht rasenartig wachsende Pflanzen mit kurzen, aufrechten, seltener kriechenden Stämmen, derben flachen, in einen schmalen Stiel verschmälerten Blättern und in meist lange, dünne Fortsätze ausgezogenen… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Masdevallia — es un género con alrededor de 500 especies que incluyen algunas de las más extrañas y a la vez mejor conocidas orquídeas de la subtribu Pleurothallidinae de la familia (Orchidaceae) agrupadas en diferentes subgéneros …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • masdevallia — ● masdevallia nom masculin Orchidacée épiphyte recherchée pour ses fleurs aux formes curieuses et colorées (plus de 100 espèces) …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Masdevallia —   Masdevallia …   Wikipedia Español

  • Masdevallia — Masdevalia …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Masdevallia — ID 52111 Symbol Key MASDE Common Name masdevallia Family Orchidaceae Category Monocot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity N/A US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution N/A Growth Habit N/A …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • masdevallia — noun any of numerous orchids of the genus Masdevallia; tufted evergreen often diminutive plants whose flowers in a remarkable range of colors usually resemble a tricorn with sepals fused at the base to form a tube • Hypernyms: ↑orchid,… …   Useful english dictionary

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