- Asparagales
Taxobox
name = Asparagales
image_width = 300px
image_caption = "Asparagus officinalis "
fossil_range = fossil range|100middleCretaceous - Recent
regnum =Plant ae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis =Liliopsida
ordo = Asparagales
ordo_authority = Bromhead
subdivision_ranks = families
subdivision = See textAsparagales is an order of
flowering plant s. The order must include the familyAsparagaceae , but other families included in the order have varied markedly between different classifications. No one is sure, but it is supposed that this group of plants evolved between late and earlyCretaceous . But because of the difficult classification of the families it's not entirely certain when they evolved.APG II system
The
APG II system of 2003, places the order in the clademonocots and uses the following circumscription:
*order Asparagales
*:familyAlliaceae
*:: [+ familyAgapanthaceae ]
*:: [+ familyAmaryllidaceae ]
*:familyAsparagaceae
*:: [+ familyAgavaceae ]
*:: [+ familyAphyllanthaceae ]
*:: [+ familyHesperocallidaceae ]
*:: [+ familyHyacinthaceae ]
*:: [+ familyLaxmanniaceae ]
*:: [+ familyRuscaceae ]
*:: [+ familyThemidaceae ]
*:familyAsteliaceae
*:familyBlandfordiaceae
*:familyBoryaceae
*:familyDoryanthaceae
*:familyHypoxidaceae
*:familyIridaceae
*:familyIxioliriaceae
*:familyLanariaceae
*:familyOrchidaceae
*:familyTecophilaeaceae
*:familyXanthorrhoeaceae
*:: [+ familyAsphodelaceae ]
*:: [+ familyHemerocallidaceae ]
*:familyXeronemataceae Note: "+ ..." = optional segregrate family, that may be split off from the preceding family.
APG II has consolidated some of the families in the earlier
APG system , while recognizing an alternative, that allows smaller families to be seggregated and still follow the 'APG system'. Under the new classification system a taxonomist could, for example, correctly choose to include the daylilies ("Hemerocallis ") in familyHemerocallidaceae , or in familyXanthorrhoeaceae .APG system (1998)
The
APG system of 1998 also placed the order in the clademonocots but used this circumscription:
*order Asparagales
*:family Agapanthaceae
*:family Agavaceae
*:family Alliaceae
*:family Amaryllidaceae
*:familyAnemarrhenaceae
*:familyAnthericaceae
*:family Aphyllanthaceae
*:familyAsparagaceae
*:familyAsphodelaceae
*:family Asteliaceae
*:familyBehniaceae
*:family Blandfordiaceae
*:family Boryaceae
*:familyConvallariaceae
*:family Doryanthaceae
*:family Hemerocallidaceae
*:familyHerreriaceae
*:family Hyacinthaceae
*:family Hypoxidaceae
*:familyIridaceae
*:family Ixioliriaceae
*:family Lanariaceae
*:family Laxmanniaceae
*:familyOrchidaceae
*:familyTecophilaeaceae
*:familyThemidaceae
*:familyXanthorrhoeaceae
*:family XeronemataceaeKubitzki system
The volume (1998) in the Kubitzki series of reference books on vascular plants used this circumscription:
*order Asparagales
*:family Agapanthaceae
*:family Agavaceae
*:family Alliaceae
*:family Amaryllidaceae
*:family Anemarrhenaceae
*:family Anthericaceae
*:family Aphyllanthaceae
*:family Asparagaceae
*:family Asphodelaceae
*:family Asteliaceae
*:family Behniaceae
*:family Blandfordiaceae
*:family Boryaceae
*:family Convallariaceae
*:family Doryanthaceae
*:familyDracaenaceae
*:familyEriospermaceae
*:family Hemerocallidaceae
*:family Herreriaceae
*:family Hyacinthaceae
*:familyHostaceae
*:family Hypoxidaceae
*:family Iridaceae
*:family Ixioliriaceae
*:familyJohnsoniaceae
*:family Lanariaceae
*:familyLomandraceae
*:familyNolinaceae
*:family Orchidaceae
*:family Ruscaceae
*:family Tecophilaeaceae
*:family Themidaceae
*:family XanthorrhoeaceaeDahlgren system
The
Dahlgren system placed the order in superorderLilianae in subclassLiliidae [= monocotyledons] of classMagnoliopsida [= angiosperms] and used this circumscription:
*order Asparagales
*:family Agavaceae
*:family Alliaceae
*:family Amaryllidaceae
*:family Anthericaceae
*:family Aphyllanthaceae
*:family Asparagaceae
*:family Asphodelaceae
*:family Asteliaceae
*:family Blandfordiaceae
*:familyCalectasiaceae
*:family Convallariaceae
*:familyCyanastraceae
*:familyDasypogonaceae
*:family Doryanthaceae
*:family Dracaenaceae
*:family Eriospermaceae
*:family Hemerocallidaceae
*:family Herreriaceae
*:family Hostaceae
*:family Hyacinthaceae
*:family Hypoxidaceae
*:family Ixioliriaceae
*:family Lanariaceae
*:familyLuzuriagaceae
*:family Nolinaceae
*:familyPhilesiaceae
*:familyPhormiaceae
*:family Ruscaceae
*:family Tecophilaeaceae
*:family XanthorrhoeaceaeOther systems
The
Cronquist system did not recognise the order, and placed many of the plants involved in orderLiliales (in subclassLiliidae in classLiliopsida [= monocotyledons] ). Some genera were even included in familyLiliaceae .The
Wettstein system , last revision of 1935, did not recognise such an order, and placed many of the plants involved in orderLiliiflorae in classMonocotyledones .References
* Kubitzki, K. (1998). Conspectus of Families treated in this Volume. In: Kubitzki, K.(Editor): "The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants", Vol.3. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany. ISBN 3-540-64060-6
External links
* [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm Asparagales] in [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=73496&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser]
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