- List of battleships of the United States Navy
United States Navy ship typesThis list of battleship s of theUnited States Navy includes all ships with thehull classification symbol "BB". A number of these were started but never completed.American battleships can be roughly divided into four groups, pre-dreadnoughts, dreadnoughts, standards and World War II ships, with the one-off ships "Maine" and "Texas" being separate from all.
Late 1800s - 1900s
"Maine" and "Texas" were part of the "New Navy" program of the 1880s. The pre-dreadnought group, BB-1 "Indiana" through BB-25 "New Hampshire", followed general global
pre-dreadnought design characteristics and entered service between 1898 and 1909. The definitive American predreadnought was the penultimate class of the type, the "Connecticut" class, sporting the usual four-gun array of 12" weapons, a very heavy intermediate and secondary battery, and a moderate tertiary battery. They were good sea boats and heavily armed and armored for their type. The final American predreadnought class, the "Mississippi"-class second-class battleships, were a poorly thought out experiment in increasing numbers regardless of quality, and the USN quickly wished to replace them, doing so in 1914, selling them to Greece to pay for a new dreadnought battleship, USS "Idaho".The dreadnoughts, BB-26 "South Carolina" through BB-35 "Texas", commissioned between 1910 and 1914, uniformly possessed twin turrets, introduced the superimposed turret arrangement that would later become standard on all battleships, and had relatively heavy armor and moderate speed (19-21 knots). Five of the ten ships favored the more mature vertical triple expansion (VTE) propulsion over fuel-inefficient but faster direct-drive turbines. The ships possessed 8 ("South Carolina" class), 10 ("Delaware" and "Florida") or 12 ("Wyoming" class) 12" guns, or 10 ("New York" class) 14" guns. The dreadnoughts gave good service; the last two classes survived through World War II before being scrapped; but they had some faults that were never worked out, and the midships turrets in the ten and twelve-gun ships were located near boilers and high-pressure steam lines, a factor that made refrigeration very difficult and problematic in hot climates. One of their number, "Texas" (BB-35) is the last remaining American battleship of the pre-World War II era.
Next came the twelve Standards, beginning with BB-36 "Nevada". The last ship commissioned was BB-48 "West Virginia" (BB-49 through 54 were also Standards, but were never commissioned, and scrapped under the
Washington Naval Treaty ), commissioned over the period 1914 to 1920. "Oklahoma" (BB-37) was the last American battleship commissioned with triple expansion machinery, all other Standards and the World War II ships used gearedsteam turbine s. The Standards were a group of ships with four turrets, a 21-knot top speed, a 700 yard tactical diameter at top speed, and heavy armor distributed on the "All or Nothing" principal. Armament was fairly consistent, starting with ten 14" guns in the "Nevadas", twelve in the "Pennsylvania"s, "New Mexico"s and "Tennessee"s, and eight 16" guns in the "Colorado"s. "Oklahoma" (BB-37) was the last American capital ship (battleship or fleet carrier) to be equipped with reciprocating engines.Mid to late 1900s
After the 1930s "builders holiday," the USN commissioned ten more battleships of an entirely new style, the World War II group. These ships began with BB-55 "North Carolina" and the last ship laid down was BB-66 "Kentucky" (the last ship completed was BB-64 "Wisconsin"). These ships were a nearly clean break from previous American design practices. All ten ships were built to a
Panamax design (technically post-Panamax, as they exceeded normal Panamax beam by two feet, but they were still able to transit the canal). They were fast battleships, and could travel with theaircraft carrier s at cruising speed (their speed was not intended for that role, but rather so they could run down and destroy enemybattlecruiser s). They possessed almost completely homogenous main armament (nine 16" guns in each ship, the sole difference being an increase in length from 45 to 50 calibres with the "Iowa" class vessels), very high speed relative to older American designs (28 knots in the "North Carolina" and "South Dakota" classes, 33 in the "Iowa" class), and moderate armor. The "North Carolina"s were of particular concern, as their protection was rated as only "adequate" against the 16" superheavy weapon. They had been designed with, and armored against, a battery of three quadruple 14" guns, then changed to triple 16" guns after the escalator clause in theSecond London Naval Treaty had been triggered. Secondary in these ships was almost homogenous as well: Except for "South Dakota", configured as a flagship, the other nine ships of this group sported a uniform 20-gun 5" secondary battery (South Dakota deleted two 5" mounts to make room for flag facilities). Visually, the World War II ships are distinguished by their triple-turret arrangement and the massive columnar mast that dominates their superstructure. The last ship, "Wisconsin" (BB-64), commissioned in 1944 ("Wisconsin" was approved last; however, "Missouri" commissioned 3 months later, due to delays from additionalaircraft carrier construction). "Missouri" (BB-63), famous for being the ship on which theJapanese instrument of surrender was signed, was the last battleship in the world to decommission on March 31, 1992. Seven of these ten ships are still in existence as of 2006. "South Dakota," "Washington" and "Indiana" were scrapped, but the remainder are either nowmuseum ship s or ("Iowa") slated to become museum ships. There was intended to be another class of five of these ships, the "Montana" class (BB-67 "Montana" through BB-71 "Louisiana"), but they were canceled before being laid down in favor of a greater number ofaircraft carrier s. The "Montana" class ships would have been built to apost-Panamax design, and carried a greater number of guns (12x 16") than the other ships; otherwise they would have been homogenous with the rest of the World War II battleships. Seven battleships (BB 72 through BB 78) were projected in 1942. Armament was to consist of 8 × 18" in four double turrets. The project did not proceed past the drawing stage; none were ordered.In 2006 the last BB was striken from the Naval Registry.
hip list
:(s) indicates ship was second class battleship (relative to other US battleships of the era):(n) indicates ship never entered service.
Except for "Kearsarge", named by an act of Congress, all American battleships have been named for states, and every state has had at least one battleship named for it except
Alaska andHawaii . They did not become states until 1959, after the end of battleship building, although the Large Cruisers USS "Alaska" (CB-1) and USS "Guam" (CB-2) were built during WWII. The third of the class, USS "Hawaii" (CB-3), was never completed. Two battleships have been authorized to be named forMontana , but both were canceled before commissioning. The pre-dreadnoughts
USS "Zrinyi" (formerly the Austrian
SMS "Zrinyi"),
USS "Radetzky" (formerly the Austrian
SMS "Radetzky"), and
USS "Ostfriesland" (formerly the German SMS "Ostfriesland"),taken as prizes of war afterWorld War I , were commissioned in the US Navy, but were not assignedhull classification symbol s.No American battleship has ever been lost at sea, though some have been sunk in port and others sunk as targets.
Battleship classes
Pre-Dreadnought types
= USS "Maine" =* Displacement: 6,682 tons
* Armament: 4 × 10 in (250 mm) (2x2 en echelon); 6 × 6 in (152 mm) (6x1); 7 x6 pounder s (37 mm) (7x1); 8 x1 pounder s (0.5 kg) (8x1); 4 × 14 in (350 mm) surface torpedo tubes
* Speed: 17 knots
* Ships in class: 1
* Commissioned:17 September 1895
* Fate: Sunk by explosion15 February 1898
= USS "Texas" =* Displacement: 6,682 tons
* Armament: 2 × 12 in (305 mm) (2x1 en echelon); 6 × 6 in (152 mm) (6x1); 12 x 6 pounders (2.7 kg) (12x1); 6 x 1 pounders (6x1); 4 then 2 (fore and aft tubes removed 1897) x 14 inch (356 mm) torpedo tubes
* Speed: 18 knots
* Ships in class: 1
* Commissioned:15 August 1895
* Fate: Decommissioned1 February 1911 , then sunk as a target in Tangier Sound in Chesapeake Bay.
= "Indiana" class =* Displacement: 10,288 tons
* Armament: 4 × 13 in (330 mm) (2x2), 8 × 8 in (203 mm) (4x2), 4 × 6 in (152 mm) (4x1), 20 x 6-pounders (20x1), 6 x 1-pounders (6x1), 4Gatling gun s (4x1), 6 × 18 in (457 mm) surface torpedo tubes
* Speed: 15 knots
* Ships in class: 3: USS "Indiana", USS "Massachusetts", and USS "Oregon"
* Commissioned:20 November 1895
* Fate: Decommissioned17 July 1920 ; "Indiana" and "Massachusetts" sunk as targets; "Oregon" preserved as memorial 1936, scrapped 1956
= USS "Iowa" =* Displacement: 11,346 tons
* Armament: 4 × 12 in (305 mm) (2x2), 8 × 8 in (203 mm) (4x2), 6 × 4 in (102 mm) guns (6x1), 20 x 6-pounders (20x1), 4 x 1-pounders (4x1), 4 × 14 in (356 mm) torpedo tubes
* Speed: 17 knots
* Ships in class: 1
* Commissioned:16 June 1897
* Fate: Decommissioned31 March 1919 , then sunk as bombing target.* Displacement: 11,540 tons
* Armament: 4 × 13 in (330 mm) (2x2), 4 × 8 in (203 mm) (2x2), 14 × 6 in (152 mm) (14x1), 20 x 6-pounders (20x1), 8 x 1-pounders (8x1), 4 x 30-caliber machineguns
* Speed: 15 knots
* Ships in class: 2: USS "Kearsarge" and USS "Kentucky"
* Commissioned:20 February 1900
* Fate: Decommissioned29 May 1920
= "Illinois" class =* Displacement: 11,565 tons
* Armament: 4 × 13 in (330 mm) (2x2), 14 × 6 in (152 mm) (14x1), 16 x 6 pounders (2.7 kg) (16x1), 6 x 1 pounders (454 g) (6x1), 4 torpedo tubes
* Speed: 17 knots
* Ships in class: 3: USS "Illinois", USS "Alabama", and USS "Wisconsin"
* Commissioned:16 October 1900
* Fate: Decommissioned17 July 1920
= "Maine" class =* Displacement: 12,500 tons
* Armament: 4 × 12 in (305 mm) (2x2), 16 × 6 in (152 mm) (16x1), 6 × 3 in (76 mm) (6x1), 8 x3-pounder gun s (8x1), 6 x 1-pounders (6x1), 3 x .30-caliber machine guns (3x1), 2 × 18 in (457 mm) submerged torpedo tubes
* Speed: 18 knots
* Ships in class: 3: USS "Maine", USS "Missouri", and USS "Ohio"
* Commissioned:29 December 1902
* Fate: Decommissioned31 May 1922
= "Virginia" class =* Displacement: 15,000 tons
* Armament: 4 × 12 in (305 mm) (2x2), 8 × 8 in (203 mm) (4x2), 12 × 6 in (152 mm) guns (12x1), 24 1-pounders (24x1), 4 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor: Belt 11 inches; Turret 12 inches; Deck 3 inches
* Speed: 19 knots
* Ships in class: 5: USS "Virginia", USS "Nebraska", USS "Georgia", USS "New Jersey", and USS "Rhode Island"
* Commissioned:19 February 1902
* Fate: Decommissioned13 August 1920 * Displacement: 16,000 tons
* Armament: 4 × 12 in (305 mm) (2x2), 8 × 8 in (203 mm) (4x2), 12 × 7 in (178 mm) (12x1), 10 × 3 in (76 mm) (10x1), 4 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 18 knots
* Ships in class: 6: USS "Connecticut", USS "Louisiana", USS "Vermont", USS "Kansas", USS "Minnesota", and USS "New Hampshire"
* Commissioned: 1906
* Fate: Decommissioned 1923* Displacement: 13,000 tons
* Armament: 4 × 12 in (305 mm) (2x2), 8 × 8 in (203 mm) (4x2), 8 × 7 in (178 mm) (8x1), 12 × 3 in (76 mm) (12x1), 6 x3 pounder gun (6x1), 2 x1-pounder Mark 6 (2x1), 6 x .30-caliber machine guns (6x1), 2 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 17 knots
* Ships in class: 2: USS "Mississippi" and USS "Idaho"
* Commissioned:1 February 1908
* Fate: Decommissioned30 July 1914 and sold to GreeceDreadnought era
* Displacement: 16,000 tons
* Armament: 8 × 12 in (305 mm) guns (4x2), 22 × 3 in (76 mm) (22x1), 2 x 3 pounder (2x1), 2 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 17 knots
* Ships in class: 2: USS "South Carolina" and USS "Michigan"
* Commissioned: both in 1910
* Fate: Decommissioned 1921 and 1922, both sold for scrap
= "Delaware" class =* Displacement: 20,380 tons
* Armament: 10 × 12 in (305 mm) (5x2), 14 × 5 in (127 mm) (14x1), 22 × 3 in (76 mm) (22x1), 2 x 3 pounder (2x1) guns, 2 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 21 knots
* Ships in class: 2: USS "Delaware" and USS "North Dakota"
* Commissioned: both in 1910
* Fate: both decommissioned 1923 and sold for scrap
= "Florida" class =* Displacement: 21,800 tons
* Armament: 10 × 12 in (305 mm) (5x2), 16 × 5 in (127 mm) (16x1), 2 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 21 knots
* Ships in class: 2: USS "Florida" and USS "Utah"
* Commissioned: both in 1911
* Fate: "Florida" scrapped in 1932, "Utah" became target ship in 1931, sunk atPearl Harbor in 1941
= "Wyoming" class =* Displacement: 27,200 tons
* Armament: 12 × 12 in (305 mm) (6x2), 21 × 5 in (127 mm) (21x1), two 3-inch (3x1), 2 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 21 knots
* Ships in class: 2: USS "Wyoming" and USS "Arkansas"
* Commissioned: both in 1912
* Fate: "Wyoming" decommissioned in 1947, "Arkansas" sunk atOperation Crossroads in 1946
= "New York" class =* Displacement: 27,200 tons
* Armament: 10 × 14 in (356 mm) (5x2), 21 5-inch (21x1), two 3-inch (2x1), 2 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 21 knots
* Ships in class: 2: USS "New York" and USS "Texas"
* Commissioned: both in 1914
* Fate: "New York" sunk as target in 1948, "Texas" preserved as a memorial 1948Standard type
= "Nevada" class =* Displacement: 27,500 tons
* Armament: 10 × 14 in (356 mm) (2x3, 2x2), 21 × 5 in (127 mm) (21x1), 4 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 20 knots
* Ships in class: 2: USS "Nevada" and USS "Oklahoma"
* Commissioned: both in 1916
* Fate: "Nevada" sunk as target 1948; "Oklahoma" sunk at Pearl Harbor in 1941, raised and stripped of salvagable parts, sunk in route to scrapping 1947* Displacement: 31,400 tons
* Armament: 12 × 14 in (356 mm) (4x3), 14 × 5 in (127 mm) (14x1), 4 × 3 in (76 mm) (4x1), 2 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 21 knots
* Ships in class: 2: USS "Pennsylvania" and USS "Arizona"
* Commissioned: both in 1916
* Fate: "Pennsylvania" sunk afterOperation Crossroads in 1946, "Arizona" destroyed at Pearl Harbor in 1941, designated as a memorial.* Displacement: 32,000 tons
* Armament: 12 × 14 in (356 mm) (4x3), 14 × 5 in (127 mm) (14x1), 2 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 21 knots
* Ships in class: 3: USS "New Mexico", USS "Mississippi", and USS "Idaho"
* Commissioned: "New Mexico" in 1918, "Mississippi" in 1917 and "Idaho" in 1919
* Fate: sold for scrap, "New Mexico" & "Idaho" in 1947, "Mississippi" in 1956* Displacement: 32,000 tons
* Armament: 12 × 14 in (356 mm) (4x3), 14 × 5 in (127 mm) (14x1), 2 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 21 knots
* Ships in class: 2: USS "Tennessee", and USS "California"
* Commissioned: "Tennessee" in 1920, "California" in 1921
* Fate: both decommissioned 1947, sold for scrap 1959
= "Colorado" class =* Displacement: 32,600 tons
* Armament: 8 × 16 in (406 mm) (4x2), 12 × 5 in (127 mm) (12x1), 8 × 3 in (76 mm) (8x1), 2 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 21 knots
* Ships in class: 4: USS "Colorado", USS "Maryland", USS "Washington", and USS "West Virginia"
* Commissioned: "Maryland" in 1921, "Colorado" and "West Virginia" in 1923, "Washington" not completed and sunk as target
* Fate: Remaining three decommissioned 1947 and sold for scrap 1959.* Displacement: 43,200 tons
* Armament: 12 × 16 in (406 mm) (4x3), 16 × 6 in (152 mm) (16x1), 8 × 3 in (76 mm) (8x1), 2 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes
* Armor:
* Speed: 23 knots
* Ships in class: 6: USS "South Dakota", USS "Indiana", USS "Montana", USS "North Carolina", USS "Iowa", and USS "Massachusetts"
* Commissioned: None commissioned
* Fate: All cancelled prior to launch in 1923; scrapped on slipWorld War II era
* Displacement: 35,000 tons
* Armament: 9 × 16 in (406 mm) (3x3), 20 × 5 in (127 mm) (10x2), 16 x 28 mm AA (4x4)
* Armor: 11in Belt / 7in Deck
* Speed: 28 knots
* Ships in class: 2: USS "North Carolina" and USS "Washington"
* Commissioned: 1941
* Fate: "North Carolina" preserved as memorial 1965; "Washington" scrapped 1962* Displacement: 38,000 tons
* Armament: 9 × 16 in (406 mm) (3x3), 20 (16 on "'South Dakota") x 5 inch (10 or 8 x 2), up to 40 x 1.6in. AA (17x4), up to 76 x 20 mm AA (76x1), 3 aircraft
* Armor: 12in Belt / 7.5in Deck
* Speed: 27 knots
* Ships in class: 4: USS "South Dakota", USS "Indiana", USS "Massachusetts", and USS "Alabama"
* Commissioned: 1942
* Fate: "South Dakota" and "Indiana" scrapped 1960;"Alabama" preserved as memorial 1964 "Massachusetts" preserved as memorial 1965
= "Iowa" class =* Displacement: 48,500 tons
* Armament: 9 × 16 in (406 mm) (3x3), 20 × 5 in (127 mm) (10x2), 80 x 1.6 in AA (20x4), 49 x 20 mm AA (49x1) ("1980s modification added 32 x Tomahawk and 16 x Harpoon missiles and 4 x Phalanx CIWS", and deleted 8 5-in guns)
* Armor: 12in Belt / 8in Deck
* Speed: 33 knots
* Ships in class: 6: USS "Iowa", USS "New Jersey", USS "Missouri", USS "Wisconsin", USS "Illinois", and USS "Kentucky"
* Commissioned: Four commissioned; first "Iowa" 1943; last "Wisconsin" 1944.
* Fate: "Iowa" in layup; "Missouri" preserved as memorial 1993 at Pearl Harbor; "Wisconsin" preserved as memorial Norfolk, Virginia; "New Jersey" preserved as memorial in Camden, NJ; "Illinois" cancelled and scrapped on slip; "Kentucky" launched 1950, not completed, scrapped 1958.
= "Montana" class =* Displacement: 65,000 tons
* Armament: 12 × 16 in (406 mm) (4x3), 20 × 5 in (127 mm) (10x2), undesignated number of 40 mm and 20 mm
* Armor: 16in Belt / 8.2in Deck
* Speed: 28 knots
* Ships in class: 5: USS "Montana", USS "Ohio", USS "Maine", USS "New Hampshire", and USS "Louisiana"
* Commissioned: None commissioned
* Fate: All cancelled in 1943 before being laid downProjected battleships
Seven battleships BB 72 through BB 78 were projected in 1942. Armament was to consist of 8 × 18 in (4x2). The project did not proceed past the drawing stage; none were ordered.
ee also
*
Arsenal ship External links
* [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/us_navy_pages/us_battleship_list.htm Maritimequest U.S. Battleships photo gallery]
* [http://www.williammaloney.com/Dad/WWII/BattleshipNewJersey/BattleshipNJindex.html USS New Jersey] Photos on board the Battleship New Jersey BB-62 in Camden, NJ
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