Donald McKayle

Donald McKayle

Donald McKayle (born July 6, 1930, New York City) is an African American modern dancer, choreographer, teacher, director and writer best known for creating socially conscious concert works during the 1950s and 60s that focus on expressing the human condition and more specifically, the black experience in America. He was, "Among the first black men to break the racial barrier by means of modern dance,".^[1] His talents extend beyond the concert stage as McKayle has also performed and choreographed for Broadway musicals, theatre, television, and film.^[2] He has worked with many choreographers such as Martha Graham, Alvin Ailey, Anna Sokolow, and Merce Cunningham. A Tony Award and Emmy Award nominee, McKayle is currently a Professor of Dance, Modern Technique and Choreography, at UC Irvine, in the Claire Trevor School of the Arts Dance Department. He has served on the faculties of Connecticut College, Sarah Lawrence College, and Bennington College.

Early Life and Influences

McKayle was born in New York City on July 6, 1930 and grew up in a racially mixed, East Harlem community of African American, Puerto Rican, and Jewish immigrants.^[3] He was the second child of a middle class, immigrant family of Jamaican descent.^[4]

Growing up in an integrated neighborhood shaped McKayle's understanding of the social issues and racial prejudices in America during a time when racism and segregation was commonplace. McKayle was also influenced by his parents liberal and activist lifestyles. He was exposed to social dance and the exuberant social atmosphere of the West Indian parties his parents attended.^[5] McKayle's educational experience attending a public school outside of the Harlem community also hightened his social awareness. His political beliefs were influenced by his high school English teacher Louis Allen, also known as Abel Meeropol, author of the poem "Strange Fruit". And in high school McKayle joined the Frederick Douglass Society to learn more about African American history and heritage, a subject that was not taught in school.^[6]

But it was an inspiring performance by Pearl Primus sparked McKayle's interest in dance as a teenager. Despite his lack of formal dance training, McKayle auditioned and was granted a scholarship for the New Dance Group in 1947.^[7] McKayle was ambitious and eagerly took advantage of the company's formal training in modern, ballet, tap, Afro-Caribbean, Hindu, and Haitian dance forms. His instructors included modern dance pioneer Martha Graham, Merce Cunningham, Anna Sokolow and Karol Shook.^[8] His noted mentors are Sophie Maslow, Jane Dudley, William Bales, and his first teacher Jean Erdman.^[9] Other instructors include Mary Anthony, Pearl Primus, Jean-Leon Destine, Hadassah, and Paul Draper.^[10] In less than a year, McKayle was choreographing his own complete concert dance pieces.

Early Choreography

McKayle's early works explores the universal human condition and reflect themes of unity and community through expressive and emotional movement.^[11]

At age 18 McKayle premiered his solo piece, Saturday's Child (1948), choreographed to the poetry of Countee Cullen. This piece depicted the reality of poverty and the suffering of the homeless. According to McKayle's autobiography, he was inducted into the Committee for the Negro in the Arts due to the repeated performance and high visibility of this piece. This organization was composed of Harlem Renaissance leaders like Langston Hughes, up and coming African American artists and performers such as Harry Belafonte. The Committee dedicated to changing the prejudices and widespread racism that made it difficult for African Americans in the performing arts industry.^[12]

The American dance classic, Games (1951) was McKayle's first major work responsible for launching his dance career. McKayle combines rhythms, chants, play songs and street games to create a childhood scene dedicated solely to playtime. Inspired by childhood memories, Games explores themes of poverty and discrimination in shaping the lives and attitudes of the youth.^[13]

Rainbow 'Round My Shoulder (1959) is also considered a masterwork that incorporates Africanist movement, rhythms, and music. Prisoners of a chain gang move powerfully across the stage creating an expressive narrative through abstract movements of physical labor. McKayle alludes to African American dreams of freedom and equality through this image of bondage and slavery. The racial injustice and violence of the piece concludes as a chain gang member is shot and killed.^[14]

Broadway/ TV/ Film

McKayle's early works attracted the interest of Broadway stars, audiences, and Hollywood films. Golden Boy (1964) was his first Broadway production followed by I'm Solomon (1969) and Dr. Jazz (1975). McKayle was the director and choreographer of Raisin (1974) and was awarded a Tony for the best musical. He was responsible for the entire concept, staging and choreography of Sophisticated Ladies (1981), which has won numerous awards.

Creating choreography for celebrities led to his appearances in popular television shows like the Bill Cosby and the Ed Sullivan show. His work was broadcasted on every major TV network from 1951 to 1985. He has also choreographed for films including Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1970), The Great White Hope (1972), and The Minstrel Man (1976).^[10]

Awards

McKayle was awarded the Capezio Award in 1963 and the Samuel H. Scripps/ American Dance Festival Award for a lifetime achievement of modern dance in 1992.^[15] In 2004 he received the Heritage Award from the National Dance Association for his contributions to dance education. He is the first to receive the Distinguished Faculty Lectureship Award for Research from the University of California, Irvine where he is currently an instructor and the artistic director of UCI's dance troupe.^[16]

Companies

McKayle formed and directed his own dance company, Donald McKayle and Dancers, from 1951 to 1969 and was the head of the Inner City Repertory Dance Company from 1970 to 1974.^[9] He maintains relationships with companies that are repositories of his work including the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, the Cleveland San Jose Ballet, and the Los Angeles Contemporary Dance Theatre. He has been a choreographer of the Limon Dance Company since 1995.^[17] He has also choreographed over 70 pieces for dance companies around the world in the U.S., Canada, Israel, Europe and South America.^[16]

Selected Choreography

• Saturday's Child (1948)(1960)
• Creole Afternoon (1950)
• Games (1951)
• Her Name was Harriet (1952)
• Nocturne (1953)
• The Street (1954)
• Prelude to Action (1954)
• Four Excursions (1956)
• Rainbow 'Round My Shoulder (1959)
• District Storyville (1962)
• Blood of the Lamb (1963)
• Reflections in the Park (1964)
• Incantation (1968)

Broadway choreography credits

• Redhead, 1959 (Associate Choreographer)
• Golden Boy, 1964 (Tony Award nominee for Best Choreography)
• A Time for Singing, 1965
• I'm Solomon, 1968
• Raisin, 1973 (Tony Award nominee for Best Choreography and Best Direction)
• Doctor Jazz, 1975 (Tony Award nominee for Best Choreography)
• Sophisticated Ladies, 1981 (Tony Award nominee for Best Choreography)
• It Ain't Nothin' But the Blues, 1999

Roles

• House of Flowers (1954)
• West Side Story (1957)

Selected Film and Television Choreography

• Ed Sullivan Show (CBS 1966/67)
• The Great White Hope (1970)
• Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1970)
• Charlie and the Angel (1972)
• The New Bill Cosby Show (1972)
• Free to Be… You and Me (1974)

Minstrel Man (CBS 1977)

• The Jazz Singer (1980)

References

• Chujoy, Anatole. The Dance Encyclopedia. (Simon and Schuster, 1967) ISBN 0-671-24027-7
• McKayle, Donald. Transcending Boundaries: My Dancing Life (ISBN 0-415-27017-0)
• Playbill Magazine, May 1981 edition
• Dance Magazine. Teacher's Wisdom. August, 2008.

External links

• Donald McKayle at the Internet Broadway Database
• Donald McKayle at the Internet Movie Database

References

1. ^ Nancy Reynolds and Malcolm McCormick, No Fixed Points: Dance in the Twentieth Century (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), 345.
2. ^ Melanye P. White-Dixon, "McKayle, Donald," in International Encyclopedia of Dance, vol. 4, ed. Selma Jeanne Cohen (New York: Oxford University Press 1998), 345. ed
3. ^ Gay Morris, A Game for Dancers: Performing Modernism in the Postwar Years, 1945–1960 (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2006), 147-165.
4. ^ Elisa Davis, Transcending Boundaries? The Struggle of African-American Identity in the Works and Career of Donald McKayle from 1950 to 1973. Senior Thesis (Barnard, 2007), hl=en&lr=&q=cache:CaVu10VVkHwJ:www.barnard.columbia.edu/dance/Senior%2520Theses/Elisa_davis.doc+donald+Mckayle Google Scholar
5. ^ Donald McKayle: Heartbeats of a Dance Maker (Hightstown, NJ : Princeton Book Co., 2002)
6. ^ Elisa Davis, Transcending Boundaries, 5-6.
7. ^ Gay Morris, A Game, 152.
8. ^ Gregg Lizenbery, "McKayle, Donald," in International Dictionary of Modern Dance, ed. Taryn Benbow-Pfalzgraf (Detroit: St.James Press, 1998), 526.
9. ^ ^{a b} Donald McKayle: Heartbeats.
10. ^ ^{a b} Gregg Lizenbery, McKayle, 526.
11. ^ Elisa Davis, Transcending, 9.
12. ^ Gay Morris,A Game, 151
13. ^ Gay Morris,A Game, 155
14. ^ Gay Morris,A Game, 155-7.
15. ^ Melanye P White-Dixon, McKayle, 346.
16. ^ ^{a b} Donald McKayle, UCI Faculty Directory, http://dance.arts.uci.edu/faculty/bio/mckayle/ (accessed March 20, 2008).
17. ^ Gregg Lizenbery, McKayle, 527.

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Name	Mackayle, Donald
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Date of birth	July 6, 1930
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