Outline of Somaliland

The Flag of Somaliland		The Coat of arms of Somaliland

The location of Somaliland

An enlargeable map of Somaliland

Somaliland (Somali: Soomaaliland, Arabic: أرض الصومال‎ Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl) is an unrecognised self-declared sovereign state that is internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia.^[1][2] The government of Somaliland regards the territory as the successor state to the British Somaliland protectorate, which was independent for a few days in 1960 as the State of Somaliland,^[3][4] before uniting with the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) later the same week to form the Somali Republic.^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

Somaliland is bordered by Ethiopia in the south and west, Djibouti in the northwest, the Gulf of Aden in the north, and the autonomous Puntland region of Somalia to the east.^[8]

In 1988, the Siad Barre regime committed massacres against the people of Somaliland, which were among the events that led to the Somali Civil War. The war left the economic and military infrastructure severely damaged. After the collapse of the central government in 1991, the local government, led by the Somali National Movement (SNM), declared independence from the rest of Somalia on May 18 of the same year.^[1][9][10]

Since then, the territory has been governed by an administration that seeks self-determination as the Republic of Somaliland (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland, Arabic: جمهورية أرض الصومال‎ Jumhūrīyat Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl).^{[11][12][13][14]} The local government maintains informal ties with some foreign governments, whom have sent delegations to Hargeisa.^[1][15][16] Ethiopia also maintains a consulate in the region as well as in neighboring Puntland,^[17][18] and has an embassy in Mogadishu, Somalia's capital.^[19] However, Somaliland's self-proclaimed independence remains unrecognised by any country or international organisation.^[1][20][21]

The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to Somaliland:

General reference

• Common English regional name: Somaliland
• Common endonym(s)
  • Somali: Soomaaliland
  • Arabic: أرض الصومال‎
• ISO country code: none
• ISO region code: none
• Internet country code top-level domain: none

Geography of Somaliland

An enlargeable topographic map of Somaliland within Somalia.

• Location — Somaliland is situated within the following regions:
  • Eastern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere
  • Africa
    • East Africa
      • Horn of Africa
        • Somalia - Somaliland is regarded internationally as being an autonomous region of Somalia.^[22][23]
  • Time zone: East Africa Time (UTC+03)
• Atlas of Somaliland

Regions within Somaliland

Main article: Regions of Somaliland

• Awdal
• Saaxil
• Sanaag
• Sool
• Togdheer
• Woqooyi Galbeed

Government and politics of Somaliland

An enlargeable map of Somaliland border claims

Main article: Politics of Somaliland

• Form of government:
• Capital of Somaliland: Hargeisa

• Elections in Somaliland
• Political parties in Somaliland

Executive branch

• Heads of state: Presidents of Somaliland

Legislative branch

• Parliament of Somaliland (bicameral)

Foreign relations of Somaliland

Main article: Foreign relations of Somaliland

• Diplomatic missions in Somaliland
• Diplomatic missions of Somaliland

International organization membership

• None^[24]

Law and order within Somaliland

• Constitution of Somaliland
• LGBT rights in Somaliland

Military of Somaliland

Main article: Military of Somaliland

• Forces
  • Army of Somaliland
  • Air Force of Somaliland
  • Navy of Somaliland

History of Somaliland

Main article: History of Somaliland

Culture of Somaliland

Main article: Culture of Somaliland

• Cuisine of Somaliland
• Coat of arms of Somaliland
• Flag of Somaliland
• Public holidays in Somaliland
• Roman Catholicism in Somaliland

Economy and infrastructure of Somaliland

• Currency of Somaliland: Shilling
• Tourism in Somaliland

Infrastructure of Somaliland

• Telecommunications in Somaliland
• Transport in Somaliland
  • Airports in Somaliland
  • Rail transport in Somaliland

See also

Africa portal

Main article: Somaliland

• List of international rankings
• Outline of geography
• Outline of Somalia
• Outline of Puntland

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Lacey, Marc (2006-06-05). "The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/05/world/africa/05somaliland.html. Retrieved 2010-02-02. 
2. ^ "The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic". University of Pretoria. 2004-02-01. http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-02.  "The Somali Republic shall have the following boundaries. (a) North; Gulf of Aden. (b) North West; Djibouti. (c) West; Ethiopia. (d) South south-west; Kenya. (e) East; Indian Ocean."
3. ^ ^{a b} "Somaliland Marks Independence After 73 Years of British Rule" (fee required). The New York Times. 1960-06-26. p. 6. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00A10FB395A1A7A93C4AB178DD85F448685F9. Retrieved 2008-06-20. 
4. ^ ^{a b} "How Britain said farewell to its Empire". BBC News. 2010-07-23. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10740852. 
5. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica, The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, (Encyclopaedia Britannica: 2002), p.835
6. ^ "The dawn of the Somali nation-state in 1960". Buluugleey.com. http://www.buluugleey.com/warkiidanbe/Governance.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-25. 
7. ^ "The making of a Somalia state". Strategypage.com. 2006-08-09. http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htwin/articles/20060809.aspx. Retrieved 2009-02-25. 
8. ^ Analysis: Time for jaw-jaw, not war-war in Somaliland
9. ^ "The Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland". Government of Somaliland. 2001-05-01. http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Somaliland.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-02. 
10. ^ "Somaliland Celebrates 18 May Independence Day". The Somaliland Times. 2007-05-19. http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2007/278/1.shtml. Retrieved 2010-02-02. 
11. ^ "Country Profile". Government of Somaliland. http://www.somalilandgov.com/cprofile.htm. Retrieved 2010-02-02. 
12. ^ "De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland". Yale University, Journal of International Affairs. 2008. http://yalejournal.org/sites/default/files/articles/De_Facto_Statehood_-_The_Strange_Case_of_Somaliland_By_Alexis_Arieff.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-02. ^{[dead link]}
13. ^ Schoiswohl, Michael (2004). Status and (Human Rights) Obligations of Non-Recognized De Facto Regimes in International Law. University of Michigan: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 351. ISBN 9789004136557. http://books.google.com.au/books?id=GOSbAAAAMAAJ&q=Status+and+(Human+Rights)+Obligations+of+Non-Recognized+De+Facto+Regimes+in+International+Law&dq=Status+and+(Human+Rights)+Obligations+of+Non-Recognized+De+Facto+Regimes+in+International+Law&cd=1. 
14. ^ "Regions and Territories: Somaliland". BBC News. 2009-09-25. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3794847.stm. Retrieved 2010-02-02. 
15. ^ "Chronology for Issaq in Somalia". Minorities at Risk Project. United Nations Refugee Agency. 2004. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/469f38dbc.html. Retrieved 2010-02-02. 
16. ^ "Interview with Ambassador Brook Hailu Beshah". International Affairs Review. 2008-11-08. http://www.iar-gwu.org/node/49. Retrieved 2010-02-02. 
17. ^ FBI investigates Somalis in Minneapolis
18. ^ SOMALIA: Ethiopia opens consulate in Puntland
19. ^ We urgently need an Embassy in Somalia
20. ^ "Reforming Somaliland's Judiciary". United Nations. 2006-01-09. http://www.un.org/webcast/pdfs/unia991.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-02. 
21. ^ "Arab League condemns Israel over Somaliland recognition". Ethjournal.com. 2010-03-07. http://www.ethjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1503:arab-league-condemns-israel-over-somaliland-recognition&catid=13:headlines&Itemid=19. Retrieved 2010-05-06. 
22. ^ "The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic". University of Pretoria. 2004-02-01. http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-02.  "The Somali Republic shall have the following boundaries. (a) North; Gulf of Aden. (b) North West; Djibouti. (c) West; Ethiopia. (d) South south-west; Kenya. (e) East; Indian Ocean."
23. ^ Gettleman, Jeffrey (2009-06-02). "No Winner Seen in Somalia's Battle With Chaos". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/02/world/africa/02somalia.html. Retrieved 2010-02-02. 
24. ^ CIA - The World Factbook - Somalia

External links

Wikimedia Atlas of Somaliland

• Somaliland official website
• Somaliland Net (Somali) (English)
• Somaliland.Org news website (Somali) (English)
• Democracy Comes of Age in Somaliland Contemporary Review, 2005, Stefan Simanowitz
• Somaliland Times (English)
• Somaliland BBC Country Profile
• Somaliland - Interest free but not yet Shari’ah-compliant economy
• United Kingdom parliamentary debate on recognition of Somaliland, February 4, 2004 led by Tony Worthington
• Somaliland recognition finds enhanced support