- Oropom people
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The Oropom (or Iworopom, Oworopom, Oyoropom, Oropoi) are the aboriginal inhabitants of much of Karamoja in Uganda and probably Turkana District in Kenya; their descendants have largely been assimilated into the more recently arrived Iteso and Karamojong groups. They are or were found in scattered pockets between the Turkwel River, Chemorongit Mountains, and Mt. Elgon. One report indicates that they formerly spoke the unclassified Oropom language.
According to Webster,[1] they originally lived near Mt. Moroto, from which they moved west to the plain between Napak and Mount Elgon before being defeated and scattered by the Karamojong in 1830. People considering themselves Oropom were (as of 1970), according to Wilson,[2] particularly concentrated within the Karamoja area in Matheniko and Jie counties, and to a lesser extent in Bokora; some were also found among the Tepes people of Mt. Moroto and Mt. Kadam. Others were found in Pian county, notably at Lorengedwat. They tend, according to Wilson, to have reddish brown skin, "peppercorn hair", slanted eyes, and prominent cheekbones; on this basis, he ascribed them to the Khoisan group.
They are described in Karamojong oral tradition as the original inhabitants of the area, whom some Karamojong clans defeated in a battle about 1830 around Kacheliba (in present day Kenya), and then enslaved. Some fled east or south; a few Oropom settlements are claimed to have remained between Kacheliba and Karta as late as 1927. Some areas were unaffected by this battle, and Oropom remained between Lolachat and Namalu in Pian county in Nakapiripirit District, and in the area between Mt. Elgon and Mt. Kadam. Traditions of the Didinga people of Southern Sudan apparently record displacing a "red" people, called the Argit, who were skilled in pottery-making.
Oropom traditions as recorded by Wilson claim they at one point occupied a much larger area: the whole Turkana District to a point east of Lake Turkana called "Malimalte", the Cherangani Hills eastward to Lake Baringo, much of the Trans-Nzoia District - all in present day Kenya; Mt. Elgon and all of Teso sub-region in Uganda; as well as the areas of Didinga and Topossa in Sudan.
According to Wilson, they are said to have had well-built houses of three to four rooms (unlike the Karamojong), big gardens, and long-horned cattle. They also had a reputation as good potters, and pottery attributed to them is found all over the area. However, they had no knowledge of iron working, and their tools were Stone Age.
The women wore skin clothing and large earrings, and did not plait their hair; the men wore nothing but a belt covering their penis, and had long pigtails. Both sexes wore many bangles, and covered themselves in a red oil-ochre mixture. They were not circumcised. In 1970, their main mark was a custom of wearing a single cowrie shell attached to a forelock places over the centre of the forehead (for women), or an indented mark in the centre of the forehead (for men.)
Their religious rites are said to have invariably taken place at sunrise, usually on rock outcrops. Some involved animal sacrifices. Some were reserved for elders, while others were open to all. Ritual feasts were held at stone circles.
A group called the Sirikwa, found among the Turkana at Lokitaung, are identified by Wilson with the Oropom, but other sources consider them to have been Kalenjin.
References
- ^ J. B. Webster, "The Iworopom settlers", The Iteso during the Asonya, Nairobi, E. A. P. H., 1973, pp. 28-40.
- ^ "Preliminary Observations on the Oropom People of Karamoja, their Ethnic Status, Culture, and Postulated Relation to the Peoples of the Late Stone Age." J. G. Wilson, The Uganda Journal, vol. 34, no. 2, 1970. pp. 125-145.
Bibliography
- C. A. Turpin. "The occupation of the Turkwell river area by the Karamojong tribe". The Uganda Journal, vol. 12, no. 2, 1948, pp. 161–165.
- A. C. A. Wright, "Notes on the Iteso social organisation", The Uganda Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, 1942, p. 60.
- J. C. D. Lawrence, "A history of the Teso to 1937", The Uganda Journal, vol. 19, no. 1, 1955.
- J. C. D. Lawrence, The Iteso, London, 1957, pp. 8 & 10.
- "Notes on the Geography of Ethnicity in Uganda", B. W. Langlands, Occ. Paper No. 62, Dept. of Geography, Makerere University, Uganda 1975.
External links
Categories:- Ethnic groups in Uganda
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