Minor metals

Minor metals

Minor metals is a widely-used term in the metal industry that generally refers to primary metals not traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME).

Contents

Characteristics

Two characteristics are regularly associated with minor metals: (1) their global production is relatively small in comparison to base metals, and (2), they are predominantly extracted as by-products of base metals.[1] However, due to the diversity of the metals often classified as minor metals, there is still much discussion about what exactly defines a minor metal.[2][3] It has also been noted that minor metals can also be characterized as having relatively few end uses in comparison to base metals and that they are more difficult to extract from their naturally occurring host minerals than base metals.[4]

Industry

According to the Minor Metals Trade Association (MMTA), it’s members alone account for over US$10 billion in annual trade of minor metal products.[5]

Production

Recent research based on data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) indicates that China is not only the leading primary producer of minor metals, supplying about 40 percent of all production, but that that China's share of global production increased 34 percent between 2000 and 2009.[6]

Applications

Minor metals are used in a wide diversity of end-use applications, from capacitors for consumer electronics (tantalum) and metallic cathodes for rechargeable batteries (cobalt) to photovoltaic solar cells (silicon) and semiconductor materials (gallium and indium).The primary end-uses of minor metals can also help to categorize the metals into four groups[7]:

  1. Electronic Metals (e.g. Gallium and Germanium)
  2. Power Metals (e.g. Molybdenum and Zirconium)
  3. Structural Metals (e.g. Chromium and Vanadium)
  4. Performance Metals (e.g. Titanium and Rhenium)

Minor Metals

Metals often classified as minor metals include: Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Bismuth (Bi), Cadmium (Cd), Cerium (Ce), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Gadolinium (Gd), Gallium (Ga), Germanium (Ge), Hafnium (Hf), Indium (In), Lithium (Li), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Molybdenum (Mo), Neodymium (Nd), Niobium (Nb), Iridium (Ir), Osmium (Os), Praseodymium (Pr), Rhenium (Re), Rhodium (Rh), Ruthenium (Ru), Samarium (Sm), Selenium (Se), Silicon (Si), Tantalum (Ta), Tellurium (Te), Titanium (Ti), Tungsten (W), Vanadium (V), Zirconium (Zr)

See also

  • Sprott Molybdenum Participation Corporation
  • Uranium Participation Corporation

References

  1. ^ Bell, T. (2010, Mar.) Defining Minor & Strategic Metals. Retrieved from: http://www.strategic-metal.com/index.php/news/content/Defining_Minor_and_Strateigic_Metals
  2. ^ Lifton, J. (2007, Nov. 15) Minor Metals. ResourceInvestor.com. Retrieved from http://www.resourceinvestor.com/News/2007/11/Pages/Minor-Metals.aspx
  3. ^ Bell, T. (2010, Mar.) Defining Minor & Strategic Metals. Retrieved from: http://www.strategic-metal.com/index.php/news/content/Defining_Minor_and_Strateigic_Metals
  4. ^ Lifton, J. (2007, Nov. 15) Minor Metals. ResourceInvestor.com. Retrieved from http://www.resourceinvestor.com/News/2007/11/Pages/Minor-Metals.aspx
  5. ^ Darby, G. History & Change: Minor Metals Behind a Modern World. Retrieved March 31, 2010 from http://www.mmta.co.uk/about/history/
  6. ^ SMI Ltd. (2010, Apr.) China’s Growing Role in the Production and Supply of Minor Metals: Part I. Retrieved from: http://www.strategic-metal.com/index.php/news/content/chinas_minor_metals_part1
  7. ^ Lifton, J. (2008, Sept. 16) The Age of Technology Metals. ResourceInvestor.com. Retrieved from: http://www.resourceinvestor.com/News/2008/9/Pages/The-Age-Of-The-Technology-Metals.aspx

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