Nord-Vest (development region)

Nord-Vest
—  Region  —
Country	Romania
Capital city	Cluj-Napoca
Area
– Total	34,159 km2 (13,188.9 sq mi)
Population (2004)
– Total	2,740,064
– Density	80.2/km2 (207.8/sq mi)
Ethnic groups
– Romanians	75.0%
– Hungarians	19.3%
– Roma	3.5%
– Ukrainians	1.3%
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
– Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
NUTS code	RO11
GDP per capita (PPS)	€ 10,400 (2008)[1]
Website	http://www.nord-vest.ro/

Nord-Vest (North West) is a development region in Romania, created in 1998. As other development regions, it does not have any administrative powers, its main function being to co-ordinate regional development projects and manage funds from the European Union.

Counties

The Nord-Vest region is made up of the following counties:

• Bihor
• Bistriţa-Năsăud
• Cluj
• Maramureş
• Satu Mare
• Sălaj

Economy

Cluj-Napoca is the major economic centre of the region

The economy of Nord-Vest is mainly agricultural (46% of its population having agriculture as their main occupation), even though there is some heavy and light industry in the major regional industrial centres of Cluj-Napoca, Oradea, Baia Mare, Bistriţa, Satu Mare and Zalau.

There are also several mining centres in Maramureş county and in the Apuseni Mountains. Many of these mining areas have been partly shut down, resulting in significant local unemployment, even though unemployment in the Nord-Vest region is at approximately 4%, below the Romanian national average of 5.5%. Many mining areas have been classified by the government as defavourised zones, with incentives given to investors who plan to create jobs in these areas and diversify the economy.

The region's GDP per capita is slightly below the Romanian average (approximately 90% of the Romanian average), despite the fact that the major cities – Cluj-Napoca and Oradea – are some of the most prosperous in Romania.

Infrastructure

The region is crossed by five European roads – E60, E81, E79, E671 and E58. Additionally, the A3 freeway is currently in construction and will cross Cluj, Sălaj and Bihor counties in the region. Nord-Vest also it has an extensive railway infrastructure connecting most of the important towns.

The region has four airports – Cluj-Napoca, Oradea, Satu Mare and Baia Mare. Currently, Cluj-Napoca, Oradea and Baia Mare airports have international flights, while Satu Mare airport only handles domestic flights.

Demographics

Romania's Nord-Vest development region has a total population of 2,740,064. Its population density is 80.21/km², lower than the national average of 91.3/km². 1,336,425 (48.77%) of the population is male, while 1,403,639 (51.23%) is female. The region is one of the most ethnically-diverse in Romania, with 25% of the population coming from a minority group. After Romanians, who make up 75% of the population, the largest minority group are Hungarians, who comprise slightly less than 20% of the population. This is mainly due to area's history as part of Austria-Hungary. Hungarians are mainly concentrated in urban centres, especially those near the Hungarian border, such as Oradea and Satu Mare. The third largest minority are Roma people, who make up 3.5%, slightly above the national average. Roma people are spread relatively evenly throughout the region, even though the highest proportions are in Bihor county, where approximately 5% of the population is Roma.

Romanian is the most widely spoken language, spoken as a main language by 76.6% of the inhabitants of the region. The other important languages is Hungarian, spoken by 19.9% of the population as a main language. Religion is mainly based on ethnic groups, with the largest religion being Romanian Orthodoxy, observed by 68.38% of the population, mostly ethnic Romanians. Other important religions are the Reformed Church (12.70%), Roman Catholicism (6.86%) and Greek Catholicism (4.20%).

Age and fertility

The Nord-Vest region has the following age structure, according to the 2002 census:

Age group	Population	% of total
0–4 years	141,716	5.17%
5–9 years	150,276	5.48%
10–14 years	203,598	7.43%
15–19 years	212,004	7.74%
20–24 years	227,866	8.32%
25–29 years	216,387	7.90%
30–34 years	227,990	8.32%
35–39 years	161,025	5.88%
40–44 years	183,859	6.71%
45–49 years	196,137	7.16%
50–54 years	175,698	6.41%
55–59 years	142,898	5.22%
60–64 years	142,089	5.19%
65–69 years	127,960	4.67%
70–74 years	106,870	3.90%
75+ years	123,691	4.51%
Total	2,740,064	100.00%

Language

• Romanian: 2,098,639 (76.6%)
• Hungarian: 545,055 (19.9%)
• Romany: 44,984 (1.6%)
• Ukrainian: 35,079 (1.3%)

Religion

• Romanian Orthodox: 1,873,647 (68.38%)
• Reformed: 347,857 (12.70%)
• Roman Catholic: 187,988 (6.86%)
• Greek Catholic: 114,978 (4.20%)
• Pentecostal: 106,959 (3.90%)
• Baptists: 54,800 (2%)
• Atheist/No religion: 5,244 (0.19%)

Citizenship

99.9% of the population of Nord-Vest region has Romanian citizenship. There are 2,343 residents, or 0.09% of the population, of foreign citizenship, including:

• Moldovan citizenship: 621
• Italian citizenship: 298
• Ukrainian citizenship: 156

2,687 people, or 0.10% of the population, has dual citizenship.

References

1. ^ "GDP per inhabitant in 2008". Eurostat. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/1-24022011-AP/DE/1-24022011-AP-DE.PDF. 

Coordinates: 46°46′N 23°35′E / 46.767°N 23.583°E / 46.767; 23.583