Maramureș County

Maramureș County
Maramureș
—  County   —

Coat of arms
Administrative map of Romania with Maramureș county highlighted
Country Romania
Development region Nord-Vest
Historic region Maramureș
Capital Baia Mare
Area
 – Total 6,304 km2 (2,434 sq mi)
Area rank 15th
Population (2006)[1]
 – Total 516,562
 – Rank 17th
 – Density 81.9/km2 (212.2/sq mi)
Telephone code (+40) 262 or (+40) 362[2]
ISO 3166 code RO-MM
Website County Council
Prefecture

Maramureș (Romanian pronunciation: [maraˈmureʃ]; Hungarian: Máramaros; Ukrainian: Мараморо́щина) is a county (județ) of Romania, in the Maramureș region. The county seat is Baia Mare.

Văleni, overlooking Valea Izei

Contents

History

  • The 10th century frontier county of Borsova was founded by Stephen I of Hungary. Since then Máramaros served as the north-eastern border of the Hungarian Kingdom until 1920, the Trianon Peace Treaty.
  • 11th century historical Maramureș counties separation from Borsova (Rom. Borşa)
  • 1241 Tartar invasion decimated about half of the local population
  • 14th century Duke (knyaz) Bogdan of Maramureș said to be founder of Moldova
  • In the Middle Ages, the historical region of Maramureș was known for its salt mines and later for its lumber
  • In 1920 after the Treaty of Trianon, the northern part of the county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia. The southern part (including Sighetu Marmației) became part of Romania.
  • For more information regarding the history see Máramaros, referring the historical Hungarian name of the county.

Demographics

In 2002, the county had a population of 510,110 and a population density of 81 inhabitants per square kilometre (210 /sq mi).

  • Romanians - 82% (or 441,288)[3]
  • Hungarians - 9.1% (or 46,300)
  • Ukrainians - 6.7% (or 34,027)
  • Roma - 1.7% (or 8,913)
  • Germans - 0.4% (or 2,012), and others.

In 1910, 18.4% of the county were Jewish.

Year County population[4]
1948 321,287
1956 367,114
1966 427,645
1977 492,860
1992 540,099
2002 510,110

Geography

This county has a total area of 6,304 square kilometres (2,434 sq mi), of which 43% is covered by the Rodna Mountains, with its tallest peak, Pietrosul, at 2,303 metres (7,556 ft) altitude. Together with Gutâi and Țibleș mountain ranges, the Rodna mountains are part of the Eastern Carpathians. The rest of the county are hills, plateaus, and valleys. The county is crossed by Tisa River and its main tributaries: Iza, Vișeu, and Mara rivers.

Neighbours

Economy

Maramureș is known for its pastoral and agricultural traditions, largely unscathed by the industrialisation campaign that had been carried on during Romania's communist period. Ploughing, planting, harvesting, and hay making and handling are mostly done through manual labour. The county is also home to a strong mining industry of extraction of metals other than iron. The industrial plants built around Baia Mare during the communist period heavily polluted the area in the past, but recently, due to the decline of the city's industrial activity, the area is less polluted.

Tourism

Typical Wooden Church in Maramureş

The region is known for its beautiful rural scenery, local small woodwork and craftwork industry as well as for its churches and original rural architecture. There are not many paved roads in rural areas, and most of them are usually accessible.

The county's main tourist attractions:

Administrative divisions

Maramureș County has 2 municipalities, 11 towns and 63 communes.

References

  1. ^ INSSE Statistic
  2. ^ The number used depends on the numbering system employed by the phone companies on the market.
  3. ^ National Institute of Statistics, "Populaţia după etnie"
  4. ^ National Institute of Statistics, "Populaţia la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 şi 2002"

External links

Coordinates: 47°40′22″N 24°00′18″E / 47.67278°N 24.005°E / 47.67278; 24.005


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