Littoraria irrorata

Littoraria irrorata
Littoraria irrorata
The shell of this individual of Littoraria irrorata is covered in the lichen Pyrenocollema halodytes
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked): clade Caenogastropoda
clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily: Littorinoidea
Family: Littorinidae
Genus: Littoraria
Species: L. irrorata
Binomial name
Littoraria irrorata
Say, 1822
Synonyms[1]
  • Littorina irrorata (Say, 1822)
  • Turbo irroratus Say, 1822

Littoraria irrorata, common name the Marsh periwinkle, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae.[1]

This species occurs in salt marshes on the Atlantic coast and Gulf Coast of North America, from Massachusetts to Texas.

Some colonies of this species of snail are the only mollusks known to practice fungiculture.[2]

Contents

Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 29.2 mm.[3]

Distribution

This species can be found along Ireland, the Northwest Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico.

Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m.[3] Maximum recorded depth is 22 m.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b Reid, David G. (2011). Littoraria irrorata (Say, 1822). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419566 on 2011-05-16
  2. ^ Brian R. Silliman , Steven Y. Newell (2003). "Fungal farming in a snail". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (26): 15643–15648. Bibcode 2003PNAS..10015643S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2535227100. PMC 307621. PMID 14657360. http://www.pnas.org/content/100/26/15643.abstract?sid=4b135cbb-4545-4dda-9d92-f37fcd477949. 
  3. ^ a b c Welch J. J. (2010). "The “Island Rule” and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.
  • Reid, D.G. (1986). The littorinid molluscs of mangrove forests in the Indo-Pacific region. British Museum (Natural History), London
  • Reid, D.G. (1989a) The comparative morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the gastropod family Littorinidae. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 324: 1-110
  • Reid, D.G., Dyal, P. & Williams, S.T. (2009) Global diversification of mangrove fauna: a molecular phylogeny of Littoraria (Gastropoda: Littorinidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
  • Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas

External links

Marsh periwinkles on marsh grass


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