Marco Kroon

Marco Kroon
Marco Kroon taking the knighthood oath during the presentation ceremony of the Military William Order on 29 May 2009
Born	15 July 1970 (1970-07-15) (age 41) Den Bosch
Allegiance	Netherlands
Service/branch	Royal Netherlands Army
Years of service	1989–present
Rank	Captain
Unit	Korps Commandotroepen
Battles/wars	Operation Provide Comfort Bosnian War Afghanistan War
Awards	Military William Order, Knight 4th class

Captain Marinus Johannes "Marco" Kroon, RMWO (Den Bosch, 15 July 1970) is a Dutch soldier serving with the Korps Commandotroepen. Kroon is a Knight of the Military William Order (MWO) and the first new member of this very exclusive Order in over half a century.^[1] The Military William Order is the highest honour in the Netherlands, bestowed for "performing excellent acts of Bravery, Leadership and Loyalty in battle".^[2]

Personal life

Kroon was born in Den Bosch and graduated high school there in 1989, at the Sint-Janslyceum. He still lives in Den Bosch with his girlfriend who runs a café. Besides his full-time job in the military, Kroon often helps her with her work.

Kroon also graduated from the Koninklijke Militaire School (Royal Military School, which trains NCO's) in Weert, and from the Koninklijke Militaire Academie (Royal Military Academy, which trains officers) in Breda.

Military career

Marines

After graduating from high school in 1989, Kroon started his military career as a marine in the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps. In 1991 he was dispatched for Operation Provide Comfort, a humanitarian operation for Kurds in northern Iraq. After this he was transferred for a year to the Marine Barracks Savaneta in Aruba. In 1993 he was sent out a second time as assistant section leader in a Marine platoon for the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) in Cambodia.

Army

After this mission in Cambodia he transferred to the Army where he started training for a position as an NCO at the Koninklijke Militaire School in Weert. After graduating he became squad leader at the 17th Armoured Infantry Battalion in Oirschot. With this unit he left for a mission in Bosnia for six months leading an infantry group.

In 1998 he transferred to the Korps Commandotroepen (Corps of Commando Troops) in Roosendaal. After successfully earning his Green Beret he fulfilled a management position in the corps. In 2000 he once again left for Bosnia, this time as a member of the Joint Commissioned Observer mission. After this mission he left again for the Koninklijke Militaire Academie (Royal Military Academy) in Breda, to become an officer. After graduation he returned to his unit, the 17th Armoured Infantry Battalion, and left for Bosnia for the third time, now as platoon commander, in the Stabilization Force (SFOR) mission.

In 2004 he returned to the Special Forces in Roosendaal as platoon commander at the 108th Commando Company. Here he had several management positions and was dispatched once again to Iraq in 2004 for mission Stabilisation Force Iraq and three times to Afghanistan (2005, 2006 en 2007).

Kroon is currently a staff officer at the intelligence centre of the special forces, training other commandos, testing equipment and tactical procedures.

Military William Order

Previously knighted members of the Military William Order attending the presentation ceremony on 29 May 2009.

From March 2006 to August 2006 Kroon, while still a lieutenant, was dispatched to the Afghan province of Uruzgan. His job, as platoon commander of the Dutch special forces unit "Viper", was to perform reconnaissance and to map out the area so Task Force Uruzgan could be established. During this period he distinguished himself by performing exceptional deeds during six extremely dangerous actions. These actions were performed during ISAF patrols of the Dutch Viper-unit and an Australian Special Air Service Regiment platoon.

One of these actions was Operation Chitag (13–14 July 2006). During the patrol Kroon encountered a group of Taliban soldiers. In the resulting battle, while heavily outnumbered, he was forced to request air support on his own position by a Lockheed AC-130 gunship aircraft; he ordered his men to take cover and with his Forward Air Controller (FAC) guided the American air attack. At such close quarters, however, it was also a harrowing experience for Kroon and his FAC. Later, his platoon was forced to take cover in an Afghan house and swatted a number of attacks during the night on their position. No men fell under Kroon's command; the resulting Taliban losses were severe.^[3] During daylight Kroon and his men emerged to retrieve intelligence from the deceased Taliban soldiers to establish their identity. Kroon straightened his men out after noticing his men's agitation and inclination towards unprofessional behaviour and subsequently ordered the wounded to be treated and the dead to be covered. In an interview, he later said that he understood the behaviour of his men but felt, as a leader, responsible to ensure the platoon acted professionally. His leadership and ability to correct a battle-hardened group of commandos was later commended by his superiors.^[4]

These actions and his general behaviour as a leader were the reason both his subordinates and superiors recommended him for the award. After three years of research by the Ministry of Defence, it recommended to Her Majesty Queen Beatrix that Kroon be awarded the Military William Order for his bravery shown during commando actions in Uruzgan.^[5] Kroon was made a Knight 4th class of the Military William Order on 29 May 2009 by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. It was the first time in 54 years the honour was awarded to an individual.^[6]

Criminal investigation and conviction

In January 2010, Kroon and his girlfriend (aged 34) were named in a drugs case in The Netherlands.^[7] According to publications he was suspected of possession of drugs and of violating the gun law. A police investigation, which was sustained after two interrogations, was said to be focusing on the café named café Vinny's that he was running in the town of Den Bosch.^[8][9] The patrons were suspected of using cocaine in the café.^[10] The Koninklijke Marechaussee (Dutch military police) and the Public Prosecutor confirmed the suspicion.^[11][12][13] The investigations in the case started in October 2009 and in December 2009, four other suspects had been arrested.^[14][15]

Kroon and his lawyer Geert-Jan Knoops denied all accusations and announced their own investigation.^{[16][17][18][19][20]} According to Kroon, he is the victim of defamation. He points out that he received several anonymous mails with threats, one of them saying: "From hero to zero".^{[21][22][23][24][25]}

According to two sources, the Dutch Ministry of Defense was aware of the alleged reputation of Kroon's pub before he received his award for bravery in Afghanistan.^[26][27] The source of the accusations was believed to be an unmentioned police informer.^[28]

The publications on the suspicion of Kroon not only led to comments on the legitimacy of his award and speculations as to his professional position, but also to criticism directed at the mentioning of his full name by the press, which is uncommon in The Netherlands in crime reporting as it is considered to be an infringement of a suspect's personal privacy, related to the presumption of innocence.^[29][30][31]

In March 2010, Kroons lawyer told a Dutch television programme that Kroon actually wanted his bar to be drugs-free and that he had thrown customers out who did not respect this policy.^[32]

On 20 September 2010, the Office of the Attorney General officially announced that Kroon would be prosecuted and was suspected of 'possession and provision of some (in the Netherlands illegal) electroshock weapons and possession of small quantities of hard drugs for personal use'.

The trial was held before the military panel of the Arnhem court, which consists of two professional judges of the Arnhem court of which one presides the panel, and one general officer who does not belong to the judiciary. It started on 29 November 2010.^[33][34] Court hearings were held on 4, 5, 11 and 12 April 2011 in Arnhem.^[35][36] The verdict of the military panel of the Arnhem court was on 22 April 2011.^[37] Kroon was sentenced a EUR 750 fine and a conditional 80 hours of community service for possession and provision of electroshock weapons. Kroon was acquitted on the drugs related charges.^[38][39] Kroon will not be dismissed from the military (this would be the case if he had been convicted for using hard drugs; the Dutch Ministry of Defence has a strict no-drugs policy).^[40] Furthermore, Kroon will keep his knighthood; revocation only occurs if sentenced to prison for more than one year.^[40][41] The Dutch Ministry of Defense reported that it perused the verdict and will wait out the period in which the Office of the Attorney General or Kroon can appeal the verdict.^[42] Kroon announced that he would voluntarily resign his knighthood if he was convicted for drugs related charges by the appellate court.^[43] On 2 May 2011 the Office of the Attorney General refrained to seek an appeal.^[44] Immediately after the legal procedure ending the Dutch Ministry of Defence announced they will consult Kroon in the near future regarding his career wishes and possibilities. Such consultations and consequent posting changes are normal procedure for all Dutch military personnel. According to his lawyer, Kroon aspires a new military mission, this after his current administrative posting.^[45]

Honours and medals

• Knight of the Military William Order, 4th class (R.M.W.O.)
• Commemorative Medal UN-Peacekeeping Operations, for participation UNTAC (Cambodia)
• Commemorative Medal Multinational Peacekeeping Operations, for participation Operation Provide Comfort (Kurdistan)
• Commemorative Medal Multinational Peacekeeping Operations, with 2 clasps for participation SFOR and Kosovo Force
• Commemorative Medal Peacekeeping Operations, with 5 clasps
• NCO Long Service Medal, in bronze (12 years service)
• Army Foreign Service Medal
• Four Day Marches Cross, 2nd participation
• Proficiency Medal of the Netherlands Olympic Committee, 2nd participation
• United Nations Medal for participation UNTAC (Cambodia)
• NATO Medal, with clasp for Former Yugoslavia service, granted twice
• NATO Medal, with clasp for Kosovo service
• NATO Medal, with clasp for ISAF service, granted twice

See also

• Military William Order
• Task Force Uruzgan

References

1. ^ (Dutch)Eerste Militaire Willems-Orde in 50 jaar, Ministerie van Defensie, 10 February 2009
2. ^ Military order of William – Official website. Lintjes.nl. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
3. ^ (Dutch)Leiderschap onder extreme omstandigheden, F.A. Ebbelaar, Carré, 2009, nr. 1, pp. 24–25 (Dutch)
4. ^ (Dutch)Ridder na strijd in vallei tegen Talibaan. Nrc.nl. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
5. ^ (Dutch)"Onderzoek Kroon voor de Willemsorde". Brabants Dagblad(31 January 2010). Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
6. ^ "Dutch queen presents commando highest medal". Nrc.nl (29 May 2009). Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
7. ^ (Dutch)"Militaire ridder Marco Kroon verdachte op politiebureau". Brabants Dagblad(26 September 2011). Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
8. ^ (Dutch)"Kroon na nieuw verhoor nog verdacht". Brabants Dagblad(23 February 2010). Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
9. ^ (Dutch)"Een feestcafé met rinkelende glazen". Brabants Dagblad. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
10. ^ (Dutch)"Defensie stuurt kapitein Kroon met buitengewoon verlof". Elsevier. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
11. ^ "Afghan war hero involved in drugs case". Expatica.com. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
12. ^ (Dutch)"Justitie verdenkt oorlogsheld Kroon". Nrc.nl (30 January 2010). Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
13. ^ (Dutch)"Oorlogsheld Uruzgan nu verdachte in drugszaak". Elsevier. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
14. ^ (Dutch)"'Al twintig verhoren'". Brabants Dagblad(31 January 2010). Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
15. ^ (Dutch)"Eerder in zaak rond Kroon al aanhoudingen". Brabants Dagblad. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
16. ^ (Dutch)"'Kroon weerspreekt beschuldigingen'". Brabants Dagblad(23 February 2010). Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
17. ^ (Dutch)"Kroon ontkent drugsgebruik: Ik werd bedreigd". Elsevier. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
18. ^ (Dutch)"Eigen onderzoek advocaat Kroon". Brabants Dagblad. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
19. ^ (Dutch) "Advocaat Marco Kroon doet eigen onderzoek". Ad.nl. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
20. ^ (Dutch)"Onderzoek advocaat Marco Kroon naar aantijgingen". Elsevier. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
21. ^ (Dutch)"Kapitein Kroon ontving bedreigingen". Brabants Dagblad(26 September 2011). Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
22. ^ (Dutch)"Marco Kroon ontkent beschuldigingen"^{[dead link]}
23. ^ (Dutch)"Marco Kroon vecht terug". Telegraaf. (31 January 2010). Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
24. ^ "War hero claims he received threats". Rnw.nl (1 February 2010). Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
25. ^ (Dutch)"'Kroon weerlegt beschuldigingen drugshandel'". Ad.nl. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
26. ^ (Dutch) "Defensie wist van 'foute' kroeg Marco Kroon". Ad.nl. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
27. ^ (Dutch)"Defensie wist van drugsgebruik in café kapitein Kroon". Elsevier. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
28. ^ (Dutch)"Kroon zal nooit weten wie tip gaf". Brabants Dagblad. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
29. ^ (Dutch)"'Je kunt niet én schoffie én held zijn'". Brabants Dagblad. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
30. ^ (Dutch)"Ontslag voor gebruik en handel in drugs". Brabants Dagblad. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
31. ^ (Dutch)"Vakbond: schending privacy". Brabants Dagblad. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
32. ^ "Dutch Afghan war hero faces drugs charges". Expatica.com. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
33. ^ (Dutch)OM: Kroon op 29 November voor de rechter, De Volkskrant, 20 September 2010
34. ^ (Dutch)WET MILITAIRE STRAFRECHTSPRAAK (WMSR), www.st-ab.nl, 19 July 2000
35. ^ (Dutch)Zaak tegen militair Marco Kroon begonnen, De Volkskrant, 4 April 2011
36. ^ (Dutch)Marco Kroon wees schikking met OM af, De Volkskrant, 4 April 2011
37. ^ (Dutch)Uitspraak zaak Marco Kroon a.s vrijdag 22 April 09.00 uur , www.rechtspraak.nl, 20 April 2011
38. ^ (Dutch)Vrijspraak drugsbezit Marco Kroon, veroordeling voor wapenbezit , www.rechtspraak.nl, 22 April 2011
39. ^ (Dutch)Verdict of the military panel of the Arnhem court LJN: BQ2163, Rechtbank Arnhem , 05/800780-10, www.rechtspraak.nl, 22 April 2011
40. ^ ^{a b} "Advocaat: Kroon gebruikte geen drugs". NOS. 20 September 2010. http://nos.nl/artikel/186214-advocaat-kroon-gebruikte-geen-drugs.html. Retrieved 21 September 2010. 
41. ^ (Dutch)"Ridder Kroon voor bezit wapens en drugs vervolgd". NRC Handelsblad. 20 September 2010. http://www.nrc.nl/binnenland/article2621135.ece/OM_Marco_Kroon_staat_eind_november_terecht. Retrieved 21 September 2010. 
42. ^ (Dutch)Kroon vrijgesproken van drugsbezit, www.defensie.nl, 22 April 2011
43. ^ (Dutch)Kroon levert Willemsorde in bij veroordeling, De Volkskrant, 5 April 2011
44. ^ (Dutch)Geen hoger beroep OM tegen Marco Kroon, Omroep Brabant, 2 May 2011
45. ^ (Dutch)Defensie: alle opties open voor Kroon, De Volkskrant, 2 May 2011

External links

• NRC article Marco Kroon
• Hoge onderscheiding voor bijzondere acties, RTL Nieuws, 2 February 2009
• Marco Kroon in DWDD, De wereld draait door, 12 February 2009
• Kenniscentrum SO opgericht in 1997
• Presentation of the Military Order of William to Captain Marco Kroon – The Hague, 29 May 2009 – www.defensie.nl, 29 May 2009
• Online Documentary about Kroon – NOS, 29 May 2009

Persondata
Name	Kroon, Marco
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	15 July 1970
Place of birth	Den Bosch
Date of death
Place of death