Mamoru Watanabe

Mamoru Watanabe
Born	March 19, 1931 (1931-03-19) (age 80)[1] Tokyo, Japan
Occupation	Film director Screenwriter Actor
Years active	1965 –
Website
http://www.watanabemamoru.com/index.html

Mamoru Watanabe (渡辺護, Watanabe Mamoru^?) is a Japanese film director, screenwriter, and actor, known for his work in the pink film genre. Along with directors Genji Nakamura and Banmei Takahashi, Watanabe is known as one of the "Three Pillars of Pink".^[2]

Life and career

Early life

Mamoru Watanabe was born in Tokyo on March 19, 1931.^[1] His father owned a neighborhood movie theater, giving the young Watanabe an early interest in and familiarity with the cinema.^[3] The family lived near the Daito Eiga studios, and Watanabe would go to watch the filming of jidaigeki. Daito was one of the studios that would be joined into the Daiei Motion Picture Company by the government during World War II.^[3] Watanabe's older brother, born about 1919, was also a film enthusiast. When he died of tuberculosis in 1941, Watanabe inherited his older brother's large collection of movie memorabilia, including film scripts and magazines.^[3]

Early career

Watanabe entered Waseda University in 1950 majoring in drama, and graduated with honors in 1954.^[1][3][4] Until 1958 he studied acting techniques after graduation, at the Motō Hatta Theatrical Research Center.^[1] Beginning in 1960 Watanabe worked as an assistant director and script-writer for dramas and educational programs on television.^[1][4] This career came to an end in 1965, when Watanabe got into a fistfight with director Michiyoshi Doi, resulting in his banning from television.^[4]

At this time, he entered the new, booming pink film industry, directing his first film, Hussy (あばずれ, Abazure^?) for Ōgi Eiga studio in 1965.^[5] In his early career, Watanabe worked for Tokyo Geijutsu, a company that had broken off from Shintōhō, and directed films for several other independent pink film companies, including Koei, Mitsukuni, and Million Film.^[4]

In discussing the source of the strongest thematic and stylistic influences on the early pink film, Watanabe, in a July 2005 interview with Jasper Sharp, pointed not to the official first pink film, Satoru Kobayashi's Flesh Market (1962), but to Shōhei Imamura's The Insect Woman (1963).^[6] Watanabe became known for his intricate plotting in the pink genre, as well as for his ability to spot new talent.^[4] He gave future pink and Roman Porno star Naomi Tani her first starring role in the film Bed of Violent Desires (暴欲の色布団, Boyoku no shikibuton^?) (1967).^[4] Two decades later, through his Film Workers Production Company, he gave help to the careers of Kazuo "Gaira" Komizu and Kazuhiro Sano, both of whom would become leading pink film-makers of the 1980s and 1990s.^[4]

Watanabe collaborated with Seijun Suzuki's screenwriter on Branded to Kill, Atsushi Yamatoya in several of his early films.^[7] Among their collaborations, Secret Hot Sprint Town: Nightly Starfish (1970) is notable for its striking use of color sequences within a predominantly black and white film.^[7] The story of itinerant pornographers, Jasper Sharp writes, "The film plays like a pink-tinged hybrid of Ozu's Floating Weeds and Imamura's The Pornographers."^[7]

1980s

Though his first film, Hussy, is now a lost film, Watanabe remade it as Virgin Rope Makeover (少女縄化粧, Shōjo nawa geshō^?) in 1979.^[8] The remake won Watanabe the Best Director award at the first "Zoom Up" pink film awards ceremony in 1980.^[9] Always concerned with raising the quality of the pink film,^[3] in 1980 he was also awarded Best Director at the first "Pink Ribbon" ceremony in Osaka.^[1][5][10]

During the 1980s, Watanabe became regarded as one of the most important directors working in pink film. He began working as a freelance director occasionally at Nikkatsu, making his first film there in 1982.^[11] It was at this time that he befriended Kazuo "Gaira" Komizu, who wrote the script to Watanabe's Uniform Virgin Pain (Seifuku shojo no itama, 1982), and Kazuhiro Sano.^[4] Writer Oniroku Dan, dissatisfied with some of the directors to whom Nikkatsu gave his scripts, hired Watanabe to direct his self-produced Dark Hair Velvet Soul (Dan Oniroku Kurokami Nawa Fujin, 1982), which became another hit.^[12]

Also in 1982, with director Chūsei Sone, Watanabe started the Film Workers Production Company as an outlet for more mainstream projects.^[13] His first mainstream film was Cold Blood (連続殺人鬼　冷血^?) (1984).^[5][14][15] Watanabe has directed over 210 films in his career.^[1]

Partial filmography

Title[16]	Release date	Starring	Studio
Slave Widow 奴隷未亡人 Dorei mibōjin	July 11, 1967	Noriko Tatsumi	Mutsukuni Eiga / Chuo Eiga

Bibliography

English

• Mamoru Watanabe at AllRovi
• Mamoru Watanabe at the Internet Movie Database
• "MAMORU WATANABE". Complete Index to World Film. http://www.citwf.com/person44763.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-22. 
• Sharp, Jasper (2008). Behind the Pink Curtain: The Complete History of Japanese Sex Cinema. Guildford: FAB Press. pp. 60, 366, etc.. ISBN 978-1-903254-54-7. 
• Weisser, Thomas; Yuko Mihara Weisser (1998). Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films. Miami: Vital Books : Asian Cult Cinema Publications. p. 237. ISBN 1-889288-52-7. 

Japanese

• "渡辺護 わたなべ・まもる" (in Japanese). www.allcinema.net. http://www.allcinema.net/prog/show_p.php?num_p=260951. Retrieved 2009-07-22. 
• "渡辺護" (in Japanese). Director's Guild of Japan. Archived from the original on 2007-11-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20071110145857/http://www.dgj.or.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=575&categoryID=1. Retrieved 2009-07-22. 
• "渡辺護" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/person/p0297430.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-22. 

External links

• Watanabe Mamoru Official Web Site

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} "渡辺護" (in Japanese). Director's Guild of Japan. Archived from the original on 2007-11-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20071110145857/http://www.dgj.or.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=575&categoryID=1. Retrieved 2009-07-22. 
2. ^ Weisser, Thomas; Yuko Mihara Weisser (1998). Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films. Miami: Vital Books : Asian Cult Cinema Publications. p. 63. ISBN 1-889288-52-7. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d e} Sharp, Jasper (2008). Behind the Pink Curtain: The Complete History of Japanese Sex Cinema. Guildford: FAB Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-903254-54-7. 
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Weisser, p. 237.
5. ^ ^{a b c} "Pink Films History" (in Japanese). P.G. Web Site. http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~p-g/history.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-22. ^{[dead link]}
6. ^ Sharp, p. 55.
7. ^ ^{a b c} Sharp, p. 59.
8. ^ Sharp, p.17, 60.
9. ^ Sharp, p. 211-212.
10. ^ "ピンク映画の歴史 - 1962～現在 (Pink movie history—1962–present)" (in Japanese). www.uplink.co.jp. http://www.uplink.co.jp/pinkribbon/bangai.html. Retrieved 2008-12-02. 
11. ^ Weisser, p. 447.
12. ^ Weisser, p. 100.
13. ^ Weisser, p.62-63, 447.
14. ^ Weisser, p. 62-63.
15. ^ "連続殺人鬼　冷血" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1984/dh000350.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-22. 
16. ^ Filmography from Mamoru Watanabe at the Internet Movie Database; "渡辺護" (in Japanese). Japanese Movie Database. http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/person/p0297430.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-22. ; and "渡辺護 わたなべ・まもる" (in Japanese). www.allcinema.net. http://www.allcinema.net/prog/show_p.php?num_p=260951. Retrieved 2009-07-22. 

Persondata
Name	Watanabe, Mamoru
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1931-03-19
Place of birth	Tokyo, Japan
Date of death
Place of death