Maliar

Maliar

Total population
746,000 [1]
Languages
• Punjabi • Hindko
Religion
• Islam
Related ethnic groups
• Kunjra • Rayeens • Arain • Baghban

The Maliar are a tribe found in the Potohar region of Punjab, Pakistan^[2] as well as the Peshawar valley of the North West Frontier Province. Many Maliar now refer to themselves as Arain, another well known Punjabi caste.

History and origin

The term Maliar comes from the Sanskrit Malakara makers of garland or from the Persian and Arabic word Mal which means wealth or land e.g. Malir Kotla in India or Malir an area in Karachi the equivalent of Bagh in Urdu or garden in English. According to their traditions their ancestor Mahbub accompanied Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna to India. The Sultan assigned him gardening as a vocation, and as such the community became horticulturists.^[3] There is no consensus as to the ethnic identity of this Mahbub. This concocted tradition is not tenable because the Maiar/Baghbanan or Phularay were basically son of the soil and converted to Islam en masse otherwise who was tilling small land or orchards and gardens. If we accept this account, the community thus settled in India at the start of the 11th century. Historically, the community was at a disadvantage, particularly in the Peshawar valley, where it suffered at the hands of Pashtun landlords.^[4]

Unlike other tribes found in the Potohar region, military recruitment was not open to them, because they were deemed not to be a martial race.

According to the 1901 Census of India, there numbers in Jhelum District were 23,000, in Rawalpindi District, they numbered 17,000 and in Attock District they numbered 37,000.^[5] In that particular district, they are the fourth largest tribe. Shahpur District, the modern day Sargodha District was home to a further 4,000.

Distribution

They are found through the Potohar region, with especial concentrations in the Attock District. They also extend into the neighbouring Peshawar valley. There are also a few villages in the Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir.

Villages

They are found in just about every village in the Pothohar region, but there are a few villages which they occupy as the dominant tribe. In Jhelum District, Kazi Hussain and Rajjo Pindi are two important Maliar villages.

Batala, Chahal, Maniand are important Maliar villages within Kahuta Tehsil, in Gujar Khan Tehsil Bhatta Maliar, Kant Maliar and Bagh Sangra, Jabbar Derwaish,Kuri Malrian(Kuri Khuda Baksh) are important villages and in the Rawalpindi Tehsil, Dhalla, Dughal, Khasala Kalan, Gulidana Maliar, and Salargarh are important villages.^[6] In Attock District, Dhok Maliaran in Fateh Jang Tehsil is a major Maliar village. They are also found in the town of Mansar.

In Chakwal District, Mohra Maliaran and Marjan Maliran are important villages.

in Jhelum District, the villages of Dheri Malliaran and Maliar in Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil are important settlements.

In Gujrat District, the village of Dandi Maliar.

Language

They speak either the Potwari language, or the closely related Hindko language.^[5]

Present circumstances

The Maliar like other Potohar communities, have started to emigrate to the west particularly the United Kingdom. They have also benefited from the loosening of social restrictions in Pakistan, and as successful hortoculturists have entered into the wholesale fruit and vegetable business.Mohammed Ajeeb, the first Mayor of British Muslim ancestry, came from the Maliar community.

References

1. ^ http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples
2. ^ Wikeley, J. M. (1950). Punjabi musalmans (2 ed.). Lahore: Book House. p. 125. OCLC 11826769. 
3. ^ Rose, H. A.; Denzil Ibbetson, Edward Maclagan (1996). Glossary of the tribes & castes of Punjab. Asian Educational Services. p. 809. ISBN 9788120605053. 
4. ^ Inayatullah; Q. M. Shafi (1963). Dynamics of development in a Pakistani village. Peshawar: Pakistan Academy for Rural Development. OCLC 34376120. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Rose, H. A.; J P Thompson (1908). Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial series: Punjab. 2. Calcutta: Superintendent of government printing. OCLC 15041261. 
6. ^ The Customary Law of Rawalpindi District by Samuel T Weston