Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company

Shahekou factory (1899-1945)

Dalian Locomotive Works (1945-2007)

CNR Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. (2007-)

The entrance to Dalian Locomotive Company on Zhongchang Street, Dalian
Industry	Engineering - rail vehicles, diesel engines
Founded	1899
Headquarters	Dalian, China
Products	Diesel and electric locomotives, EMUs, diesel engines
Employees	~8000[citation needed]
Parent	China CNR Corporation Limited
Website	www.dloco.com

CNR Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company (in Chinese: 大连机车车辆有限公司), often abbreviated as DLoco, is a company located in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China, producing railway locomotives, multiple units and diesel engines.

The factory was established in 1899 during the period of construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway, and was under Japanese control from 1905, and later part of the Manchukuo state. After the end of the Second World war the railway was under joint Chinese and Russia control until the 1950s when the Chinese Eastern Railroad and the city of Dalian were transferred to sole Chinese control. The factory was state owned, and controlled by the Ministry of Railways until 2001 when LORIC (China National Railway Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Corporation) was split into two groups; it then became one of the constituent companies of China North Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation (CNR) (after 2008 China North Locomotive and Rolling Stock Corporation Limited).

History

1899-1952

Dalian in relation to the South Manchurian branch (NE-SW) of the Chinese Eastern Railway (map 1912)

The locomotive factory in Dalian was founded in 1899,^[1] contemporary with the construction of the southern branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway during the lease of the Liaodong Peninsula from China to the Russian Empire,^{[n 1]} and to the development of Dalian as a port and town.^[2][3]

In 1905, the "Shahekou Plant"^{[n 2]} came under Japanese control as a result of the Treaty of Portsmouth,^{[n 5]} and in 1906 the railway from Dalian to Changchun became part of the japanese controlled South Manchurian Railway.^[4]

Pachina-class locomotive for Asia Express; 1934 trial run

In 1934 the factory together with Kawasaki Heavy Industries, manufactured the Asia Express high speed steam train for the South Manchuria Railway.^[5]

In 1945 at the end of the Second World War the city came under Soviet Russian control. The Chanchun Railway was jointly operated by China and Russia until 1952, when control was passed entirely to the Chinese government. Soviet Russian occupation ended in 1955.^[6][7][3]

1952-2000

The "East Wind No. 4" Diesel Locomotive

In 1956 the company manufacturerd the China Railways HP^{[n 6]} prototype 2-10-2 steam powered locomotive.^[8][9] and in 1957, the first China Railways JS class 2-8-2 locomotive,^{[n 7]} of which 1916 were built at different plants.^[10] as well as other steam locomotives.

Diesel locomotives were developed and produced at the plant, a prototype diesel electric type "JuLong" (巨龙 meaning 'grand dragon') was produced in 1958 based on the Russian ТЭ10 locomotive and Fairbanks Morse FM38D opposed piston engine,^[11] which led to the DF class diesel electric locomotives entered production in 1964.^[12][11]

The change from steam to diesel production began in 1965,^[13] and in 1969, the first of the China Railways DF4 class of locomotives was produced. The DF4 series of locomotive type became the main mainline diesel locomotive type in China,^[14][15] and developments were produced in the following decades; including the DF4B in 1984, the DF4D in 1996.^[16][13]

In the 1980s the company began a decade long research partnership with Ricardo plc into increasing the power output and efficiency of its DL240 diesel engine products.^[1][17] In 1997 it began working with Southwest Research Institute (USA) on the design of a new locomotive diesel engine.^[18][19]

By 2000 the company was producing half of the China's internal supply of diesel locomotives, and manufactured 80% of the countries diesel locomotive exports.^[20]

2000-

The state company China National Railway Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Corporation, or LORIC, was split into the northern and southern groups; in 2000 the company became part of the newly formed China Northern Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation along with other rail vehicle manufacturers in China.^[21]

In the first decade of the 21st century the plant began producing two new mainline locomotive product types; the China Railways HXD3 electric locomotives in association with Toshiba, a joint venture with Toshiba (大连东芝机车电气设备有限公司, Dalian Toshiba Locomotive Electric Equipment Co., Ltd.) was formed in 2002 for the manufacturer of electric traction and auxiliary equipment (inverters).^[22] Also in the 2000s the diesel electric locomotives China Railways HXN3 were produced at Dalian in association with GM EMD.

The company plans to move in 2010-2015 to Lushunkou District (Port Arthur), about 30 kilometers west of downtown Dalian. The groundbreaking ceremony for a new plant took place in 2009.^[23]

Research, development and education

The Entrance to CNR Dalian Research Institute on Zhongchang Street, Dalian

In 1956, Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Manufacturing School was established nearby on Huanghe Road, which became the Dalian Railway Institute (Chinese: 大连铁道学院) in 1958, and in 2004 Dalian Jiaotong University (Chinese: 大连交通大学).^[24] Basic research is also done at the main campus of Dalian Jiaotong University, independently or funded by the company.

The CNR Dalian Research Institute is the factorys' technical center. It was gradually built up from the 1960s until 1994 when it was approved as a national level center.^[25] It employes about 500 employees involved in technology development as well as acting as an interface to the new technology imported from overseas.^{[citation needed]}

Also in Dalian is the CNR Dalian Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd. (中国北车集团大连机车研究所有限公司), founded 1922; the organisation became a company subsidiary of China CNR Corporation in 2007.^[26]

Products and services

DLoco is today engaged in five lines of business:^[27]

• Manufacturing diesel locomotives
• Manufacturing electric locomotives
• Manufacturing urban transportation vehicles
• Manufacturing diesel engines
• Repairing locomotives

The latest models of the locomotives, the company's main businesses, are:

• "East Wind No. 4" locomotive for passenger train since 1997
• "East Wind No. 11D" locomotive for passenger and freight trains
• "East Wind No. 8D" locomotive for freight train
• "Shaoshan 4 Upgrade" (Chinese: 韶山4改型) electric locomotive since 2000 and "Shaoshan No. 7E" (Chinese: 韶山7E型) electric locomotive since 2002

The company has a capacity of producing 600 combustion engine and electric locomotives, 300 urban transportation vehicles and repairing 150 locomotives per year.

Diesel engines for use by locomotives, oil wells, industrial electric power generators, ships and the military are also produced.

As the need for urban commuter trains has increased in China recently, the company in 2003 provided light rail trains to Dalian's Light Rail No. 3 Line.

The company also exports its products; the first export order was from Myanmar in 1995. They have been exported to over ten countries; Nigeria, Tanzania and Zambia in Africa; and Turkey, Malaysia (KTM Class 29) and North Korea in Asia. Contracts were signed in 2001 to supply 69 locomotives to Pakistan, and in 2002 to supply 152 locomotives to Kazakhstan.

In 2008 the company signed a contract to supply diesel locomotives to its first Western customer, KiwiRail of New Zealand. Twenty double cab locomotives have been supplied, with another twenty ordered. The first six locomotives arrived in New Zealand in November 2010 and trials were successful with the locomotives easing well into service; the remaining fourteen arrived in June 2011. They are New Zealand's first Chinese-built locomotives, NZR DL class in KiwiRail locomotive parlance.

See also

• Category:Dalian locomotives
• China Ministry of Railways

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Sources:
   "中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司 公司概况" (in chinese). www.dloco.com. http://www.dloco.com/LISTS/article/_MAINPAGE/jtgk/default2.aspx?classid=255. Retrieved 8 February 2011. 
   "中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司_公司介绍_成员企业_中国北车股份有限公司 [CNR Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co. Company Profile : CNR member company]" (in chinese). www.chinacnr.com. http://www.chinacnr.com/266-692-2957.aspx. 
2. ^ Kenneth Pletcher, ed (2010). The Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing and The Rosen Publishing Group. Dalian (Dairen), pp.167-8. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Z-P_u2AIzbEC&pg=PA167#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
3. ^ ^{a b} "Dalian". World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia, Volume 2. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 2007. pp. 158. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oms5xjI7ba0C&lpg=PA158&vq=dalian&pg=PA158#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
4. ^ Alvin D. Coox (1990). Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, 1939, Volumes 1-2. Stanford University Press. pp. 1–2. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SIAwKiNRmrAC&lpg=PA64&vq=SMR&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
5. ^ "1934年（昭和9年）　パシナ形蒸気機関車979号が当社製造蒸気機関車の1,500両目となる : 沿革  : 川崎重工 車両カンパニー" (in japanese). www.khi.co.jp. Kawasaki Heavy Industries. http://www.khi.co.jp/rs/company/history/since_1934.html. Retrieved 8 February 2011. 
6. ^ Christian A. Hess (2007). "Chapter 7: Big Brother Is Watching: Local Sino-Soviet Relations and the Building of New Dalian 1945-55". In Jeremy Brown, Paul Pickowicz. Dilemmas of victory: the early years of the People's Republic of China. Harvard University Press. pp. 160–1. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SK7Jdfnf9RIC&lpg=PA160&vq=Dalian&pg=PA160#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
7. ^ Л. М. Малухин. (in russian). Большой Советской Энциклопедии. http://bse.sci-lib.com/article061561.html. 
8. ^ ^{a b} Duncan Cotteril. "QJ Class 2-10-2". www.railography.co.uk. http://www.railography.co.uk/info/cn_steam/profiles/qj.htm. 
9. ^ ^{a b} Hans Schaefer. "History and technical data of steam locomotive type QJ". home.c2i.net. http://home.c2i.net/schaefer/qjdetails/qjhistory.html. 
10. ^ ^{a b} Duncan Cotteril. "Railography : Class Profiles : JS Class 2-8-2". www.railography.co.uk. http://www.railography.co.uk/info/cn_steam/profiles/js.htm. 
11. ^ ^{a b} Robin J Gibbons. "DF (DF3) 东风". www.railwaysofchina.com. http://www.railwaysofchina.com/df.htm. 
12. ^ "东风、东风2、东风3型内燃机车 [DF, DF2, and DF3 diesel locomotives]" (in chinese). www.kepu.net.cn. 铁道馆_中国科普博览, 中国科学院计算机网络信息中心. http://www.kepu.net.cn/gb/technology/railway/railway_engine/200402020034.html. 
13. ^ ^{a b} "中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司 [CNR Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd.]" (in chinese). www.dloco.com. http://www.dloco.com/LISTS/article/_MAINPAGE/jtgk/default2.aspx?classid=255. 
14. ^ Robbin R Gibbons. "DF4 / DF4A/ DF4B 东风4". www.railwaysofchina.com. http://www.railwaysofchina.com/df4.htm. 
15. ^ Duncan Cotterill. "Railography : Class Profiles : DF4, DF4A, DF4B Class Co'-Co' DE". www.railography.co.uk. http://www.railography.co.uk/info/cn_diesels/p04.htm. 
16. ^ "东风4型内燃机车 [DF4 locomotive]" (in chinese). www.kepu.net/cn. http://www.kepu.net.cn/gb/technology/railway/railway_engine/200402020028.html. 
17. ^ Mark Dodgson (1993). Technological collaboration in industry: strategy, policy, and internationalization in innovation. Routledge. Case Study: Ricardo/DLW, pp. 119-125. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ftw9AAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA119&vq=Dalian&dq=dalian%20ricardo&pg=PA119#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
18. ^ "China's Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works". Railway Age. April 1997. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1215/is_n4_v198/ai_19350945/. 
19. ^ "Design of a New Generation Locomotive Diesel Engine". www.swri.org. http://www.swri.org/4org/d03/engdes/brf-8702.htm. 
20. ^ 王国振 (Wang Guozhen) (2001). 中国北方明珠——大连 [Pearl of North China : Dalian]. 五洲传播出版社 (China intercontinental press). p. 9. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EuwhDGvktUwC&lpg=PA9&vq=locomotive&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q&f=false. 
21. ^ Sources:
    "China CNR Corporation Limited > About CNR > History". www.chinacnr.com. http://www.chinacnr.com/Page/356/language/en-US/default.aspx. 
    "中国北车股份有限公司 > 公司介绍 > 公司历史" (in chinese). www.chinacnr.com. http://www.chinacnr.com/p198.aspx. 
22. ^ Toshiba Establishes Joint Venture for Rolling Stock Electric Equipment with Major Chinese Locomotive Manufacturer. . www.toshiba.co.jp (Toshiba). 28 August 2002. http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2002_08/pr2801.htm. 
23. ^ "大连机车旅顺基地隆重奠基 [Dalian locomotive Port Arthur foundation stone laying ceremony]" (in chinese). www.dloco.com. 24 November 2009. http://www.dloco.com/LISTS/article/_MAINPAGE/news/default3.aspx?id=3384. 
24. ^ "DaLian JiaoTong University : History". Dalian Jiaotong University. http://202.199.128.81/en/index.asp?f_head_id=2&f_menu_id=2. 
25. ^ The DLoco Technical Center (in Chinese)]
26. ^ "中国北车集团大连机车研究所有限公司 [CNR Dalian Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd.]" (in chinese). www.chinacnr.com. http://www.chinacnr.com/266-692-2942.aspx. 
27. ^ The DLoco Business Summary (in Chinese)

Notes

1. ^ The lease and railway construction rights were obtained in the Li–Lobanov Treaty of 1896
2. ^ The plant was located in the Shahekou District of Dalian
3. ^ "The Treaty of Portsmouth, 1905 - September 5, 1905". www.russojapanesewar.com. http://www.russojapanesewar.com/top.html. 
4. ^ Melvin Eugene Page; Penny M. Sonnenburg (2003). Colonialism: an international social, cultural, and political encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. "Portsmouth, Treaty of (1905)" , pp.480-1, "Treaty of Portsmouth (September 5, 1905)", article VI , pp.1002. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qFTHBoRvQbsC. 
5. ^ Treaty of Portsmouth, Article VI : "The Imperial Russian Government engages to transfer and assign to the Imperial Government of Japan, without compensation and with the consent of the Chinese Government, the railway between Chang-chunfu and Kuanchangtsu and Port Arthur, and all the branches, together with all the rights, privileges and properties appertaining thereto in that region .."^{[n 3][n 4]}
6. ^ HP refers to "Heping" (Chinese: 和平号) meaning "Peace"^[8][9]
7. ^ JS refers to "Jian She" meaning "Construction"^[10]

External links

• Official Web Site (in Chinese)
• China CNR Corporation Ltd. (in Chinese/English)
• "大连机车宣传片 [Dalian locomotive video]". v.youku.com. http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTkzODkwNjI0.html.  Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company corporate video
• 38°55′08″N 121°34′39″E / 38.9190°N 121.5776°E / 38.9190; 121.5776 Dalian Locomotive factory (entrance)