Commonsense knowledge base
- Commonsense knowledge base
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In artificial intelligence research, commonsense knowledge is the collection of facts and information that an ordinary person is expected to know. The commonsense knowledge problem is the ongoing project in the field of knowledge representation (a sub-field of artificial intelligence) to create a commonsense knowledge base: a database containing all the general knowledge that most people possess, represented in a way that it is available to artificial intelligence programs that use natural language or make inferences about the ordinary world. Such a database is a type of ontology of which the most general are called upper ontologies.
The problem is considered to be among the hardest in all of AI research because the breadth and detail of commonsense knowledge is enormous. Any task that requires commonsense knowledge is considered AI-complete: to be done as well as a human being does it, it requires the machine to appear as intelligent as a human being. These tasks include machine translation, object recognition, text mining and many others. To do these tasks perfectly, the machine simply has to know what the text is talking about or what objects it may be looking at, and this is impossible in general unless the machine is familiar with all the same concepts that an ordinary person is familiar with.
Information in a commonsense knowledge base may include, but is not limited to, the following:
- An ontology of classes and individuals
- Parts and materials of objects
- Properties of objects (such as color and size)
- Functions and uses of objects
- Locations of objects and layouts of locations
- Locations of actions and events
- Durations of actions and events
- Preconditions of actions and events
- Effects (postconditions) of actions and events
- Subjects and objects of actions
- Behaviors of devices
- Stereotypical situations or scripts
- Human goals and needs
- Emotions
- Plans and strategies
- Story themes
- Contexts
Commonsense knowledge bases
See also: upper ontology
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v · d · eComputable knowledge |
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Zairja • Ars Magna ( Ramon Llull, 1300) • An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language ( John Wilkins, 1688) • Calculus ratiocinator & Characteristica universalis ( Gottfried Leibniz, 1700) • Dewey Decimal Classification ( Melvil Dewey, 1876) • Begriffsschrift ( Gottlob Frege, 1879) • Mundaneum ( Paul Otlet & Henri La Fontaine, 1910) • Logical atomism ( Bertrand Russell, 1918) • Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus ( Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1921) • Hilbert's program ( David Hilbert, 1920s) • Incompleteness theorem ( Kurt Gödel, 1931) • Memex ( Vannevar Bush, 1945) • Prolog ( 1972) • Cyc ( 1984) • True Knowledge ( True Knowledge Ltd., 2007) • Wolfram Alpha ( Wolfram Research, 2009) • Watson ( IBM, 2011) • Siri ( Apple, 2011)
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Knowledge base — A knowledge base (abbreviated KB, kb or Δ[1][2]) is a special kind of database for knowledge management, providing the means for the computerized collection, organization, and retrieval of knowledge. Also a collection of data representing related … Wikipedia
Commonsense knowledge bases — In artificial intelligence research, commonsense knowledge is the collection of facts and information that an ordinary person is expected to know. The commonsense knowledge problem is the ongoing project in the field of knowledge representation… … Wikipedia
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