Commonsense knowledge base
- Commonsense knowledge base
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In artificial intelligence research, commonsense knowledge is the collection of facts and information that an ordinary person is expected to know. The commonsense knowledge problem is the ongoing project in the field of knowledge representation (a sub-field of artificial intelligence) to create a commonsense knowledge base: a database containing all the general knowledge that most people possess, represented in a way that it is available to artificial intelligence programs that use natural language or make inferences about the ordinary world. Such a database is a type of ontology of which the most general are called upper ontologies.
The problem is considered to be among the hardest in all of AI research because the breadth and detail of commonsense knowledge is enormous. Any task that requires commonsense knowledge is considered AI-complete: to be done as well as a human being does it, it requires the machine to appear as intelligent as a human being. These tasks include machine translation, object recognition, text mining and many others. To do these tasks perfectly, the machine simply has to know what the text is talking about or what objects it may be looking at, and this is impossible in general unless the machine is familiar with all the same concepts that an ordinary person is familiar with.
Information in a commonsense knowledge base may include, but is not limited to, the following:
- An ontology of classes and individuals
- Parts and materials of objects
- Properties of objects (such as color and size)
- Functions and uses of objects
- Locations of objects and layouts of locations
- Locations of actions and events
- Durations of actions and events
- Preconditions of actions and events
- Effects (postconditions) of actions and events
- Subjects and objects of actions
- Behaviors of devices
- Stereotypical situations or scripts
- Human goals and needs
- Emotions
- Plans and strategies
- Story themes
- Contexts
Commonsense knowledge bases
See also: upper ontology
See also
References
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Zairja • Ars Magna ( Ramon Llull, 1300) • An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language ( John Wilkins, 1688) • Calculus ratiocinator & Characteristica universalis ( Gottfried Leibniz, 1700) • Dewey Decimal Classification ( Melvil Dewey, 1876) • Begriffsschrift ( Gottlob Frege, 1879) • Mundaneum ( Paul Otlet & Henri La Fontaine, 1910) • Logical atomism ( Bertrand Russell, 1918) • Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus ( Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1921) • Hilbert's program ( David Hilbert, 1920s) • Incompleteness theorem ( Kurt Gödel, 1931) • Memex ( Vannevar Bush, 1945) • Prolog (1972) • Cyc (1984) • True Knowledge (True Knowledge Ltd., 2007) • Wolfram Alpha ( Wolfram Research, 2009) • Watson ( IBM, 2011) • Siri ( Apple, 2011)
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Knowledge base — A knowledge base (abbreviated KB, kb or Δ[1][2]) is a special kind of database for knowledge management, providing the means for the computerized collection, organization, and retrieval of knowledge. Also a collection of data representing related … Wikipedia
Commonsense knowledge bases — In artificial intelligence research, commonsense knowledge is the collection of facts and information that an ordinary person is expected to know. The commonsense knowledge problem is the ongoing project in the field of knowledge representation… … Wikipedia
Commonsense reasoning — is the branch of Artificial intelligence concerned with replicating human thinking. There are several components to this problem, including: Developing adequately broad and deep commonsense knowledge bases. Developing reasoning methods that… … Wikipedia
Completeness (knowledge bases) — A knowledge base KB is complete if there is no formular α such that KB ⊭ α and KB ⊭ ¬α. Example of knowledge base with incomplete knowledge: KB := { A ∨ B } Then we have KB ⊭ A and KB ⊭ ¬A. In some cases, you can make a consistent knowledge… … Wikipedia
Cyc — For other uses, see CYC (disambiguation). Cyc Developer(s) Cycorp Written in Lisp, CycL Type Ontology and Inference engine Cyc is an artificial intelligence project that attempts to assemble … Wikipedia
Open Mind Common Sense — (OMCS) is an artificial intelligence project based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab whose goal is to build and utilize a large commonsense knowledge base from the contributions of many thousands of people across the… … Wikipedia
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Ontology (information science) — In computer science and information science, an ontology formally represents knowledge as a set of concepts within a domain, and the relationships between those concepts. It can be used to reason about the entities within that domain and may be… … Wikipedia
Watson (computer) — IBM Watson redirects here. For the laboratory, see Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Watson s avatar, inspired by the IBM smarter planet logo[1] Watson is an artificial intelligence computer system capable of answering questions posed in … Wikipedia
Dewey Decimal Classification — For the similar sounding base 12 numeral system, see Duodecimal. Dewey Decimal Classification, (also called the Dewey Decimal System) is a proprietary system of library classification developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876.[1] It has been greatly… … Wikipedia
