Lower Bethlehemi Church

Church of Saint Stepanos of the Holy Virgins ქვემო ბეთლემის ეკლესია
Basic information
Location	Old Tbilisi, Georgia
Geographic coordinates	41°41′21″N 44°48′04″E / 41.689230°N 44.801091°E / 41.689230; 44.801091Coordinates: 41°41′21″N 44°48′04″E / 41.689230°N 44.801091°E / 41.689230; 44.801091
Affiliation	Georgian Orthodox Church
Architectural description
Architectural style	Armenian
Completed	1868–1870

The Lower Bethlemi Church(Georgian: ქვემო ბეთლემის ეკლესია) (also known as Church of Saint Stepanos of the Holy Virgins (Armenian: Կուսանաց Սուրբ Ստեփանոս վանք, or Koosanats Sourb Stepanos Vank^[1]) – is a 14th–19th century Georgian Orthodox church at the foot of the Narikala fortress in Old Tbilisi, Georgia.^[2] It was rebuilt between 1868 and 1870^[1], and was "Georgianized" in 1991^[1]. The church has been under the ownership of the Georgian orthodox church since 1988.^[3]

Georgian appropriation

From 1989 to 1995, the church underwent a heavy process of "Georganization", during which time all evidence of Armenian religious iconography was removed and replaced with Georgian ones.^[4]

Among the alterations to remove the church's Armenian characteristics included^[4]:

• the destruction of the ground floor portal and mausoleum of Mother-Superior Peprone in 1990
• the removal of the iron gratings of the windows and the covering of windows with bricks in 1995
• the removal of Armenian high-reliefs stretching all around the drum of the church from 1991–1993
• the destruction on the top of the western pediment of the church (blown up on February 9, 1990)
• the destruction of the marble Armenian "khachkal" in the middle of the apse in 1990
• the removal of a marble cross, altar stone, and other fragments for safe-keeping at the Cathedral of Saint Gevorg in 1990
• the razing of the high altar and khachkal (1990–1991)
• the destruction of the baptistery font which had been in the northern wall
• the removal of the marble washing-basin (1870) and taken to safe-keeping at Saint Gevorg
• the destruction of the Armenian inscription on the interior of the drum that recounts the repairs of the cover of the cupola
• the removal of the Armenian inscription (1870) recounting the erection of the column with deaconess Hripsime Begtabeguiantz's means in 1991
• the removal of a marble inscription slab (1870) recounting deaconess Katarine Yerkainabazouk-Arghoutiantz's construction activity in 1990
• the removal of the marble inscription slab which recounts the construction of activity of the Ourdoubekiantz couple (disappeared in 1990)
• the removal of the marble inscription slab recounting the construction of the upper floor of the church
• the removal of the inscription specifying that the metal spiral stairs leading to the upper floor were built in 1885 on the initiative and means of arch-deaconess Evpimia Behboutiantz
• the throwing away of other Armenian lapidary inscriptions during the abolition of the Armenian characteristics of the church between 1990–1991
• the removal and destruction of the memorial inscription carved on the marble slab on the wall of Mother-Superior Heprosime Abamelikian's burial vault under the portal in front of the northern entrance of the church (the mausoleum was destroyed, too) in 1990
• the painting of a Georgian fresco on the tympanum of the altered northern entrance in June 1995

Gallery

• 

  View of Saint Stepano (far right) and two other Armenian churches in Old Tbilisi: Holy Mother of God (Bethlehem) (middle) and Saint George (far left)

• 

  Another view of the Armenian Quarter with Saint Stepanos Church (right of center)

See also

• Saint Bethlehem Armenian Church, a nearby 18th century Armenian church
• Saint Gevorg of Mughni Church, a nearby 13th century Armenian church
• Cathedral of Saint George, a nearby 13th century Armenian church
• Holy Mother of God (Norashen) Church, a nearby 15th century Armenian church
• Armenians in Georgia

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} "Koosanats Sourb Stepanos (St. Stepanos of the Holy Virgins) Church, Tbilisi". Research on Armenian Architecture. http://raa.am/Jard/Georgia/Kusanats_E.htm. Retrieved 15 July 2009. 
2. ^ Thierry, Jean-Michel (1989) Armenian Art.  New York: Harry N. Abrams.  p. 586 ISBN 0-8109-0625-2 
3. ^ "Tbilisi Explorer: Lower Bethlehem". City of Tbilisi, Georgia. http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=1269&info_id=6833. Retrieved 15 July 2009. 
4. ^ ^{a b} Karapetyan, Samvel (1998) (in Armenian), The State Policy of Georgia and the Monuments of Armenian Culture (1988-1998) (1st ed.), Yerevan: Research on Armenian Architecture, pp. XIII–XX, ISBN 5-8080-0144-7, http://raa.am/BOOK_2/book_2_E_FrSet.htm