Roman Catholicism in Italy

St Peter's Basilica and Vatican City, in Rome are where the bishop of Rome (pope) resides. The Vatican City is in Italy, however is not part of the country, as it is an independent nation.

The Italian Catholic Church is part of the global Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, curia in Rome, and the Conference of Italian Bishops. In addition to Italy, two other sovereign nations are included in Italian-based dioceses, San Marino and Vatican City. There are 225 dioceses in the Italian Catholic Church, see further in this article and in the article List of the Roman Catholic dioceses in Italy.

The pope resides in the Vatican City, in Rome. Rome, and Italy, have been major centres for Christian pilgrimage since the Roman Empire, and Rome is commonly regarded as the "home of the Roman Catholic Church", since it is where St Peter set up the first Christian Church^[1].

Owing to the Italian Renaissance, church art in Italy is quite extraordinary, including the works by Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Fra Carnevale (priest and artist), Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Sandro Botticelli, Tintoretto, Titian, Raphael, Giotto, etc.

Italian church architecture is equally spectacular and historically important to Western culture, notably St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, Cathedral of St. Mark's in Venice, and Brunelleschi's Florence Cathedral (Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore), which includes the "Gates of Paradise" doors at the Baptistery by Lorenzo Ghiberti.

History

Christianity arrived on the Italian peninsula in the first century, probably by unknown travelers, traders or soldiers. Letter to the Romans of Paul the Apostle is addressed and attests to the presence of Roman Christians in the first century. Christians in Rome were also in touch with St. Peter and St. Paul the Apsotle both of whom went to Rome on mission and were eventually martyred there. One of the first Italian bishops and popes was Clement of Rome who wrote an Epistle (I CLEMENT) around 96 AD.

Over its two thousand year history, the Church of Italy grew in size and influence, producing and/or harboring (sometimes before martyrdom) some of the greatest leaders and movers of Catholic Christianity, including Priscilla and Aquila; Ignatius of Antioch, martyred in Rome; Polycarp, martyred in Rome and a disciple of John the Evangelist; Agnes, martyr; Lawrence, martyr; Justin Martyr, teacher and martyr; Hippolytus, priest and martyr; Cecilia, Roman martyr; Ambrose of Milan, bishop and Doctor of the Church; Jerome, theologian and Doctor of the Church; Benedict of Nursia, founder of the Benedictine order and of Western monasticism; Leo the Great, bishop of Rome and Doctor of the Church; Gregory the Great, bishop of Rome and Doctor of the Church; Augustine of Canterbury, Roman monk, Benedictine missionary to England, later English bishop; Urban II, pope or Bishop of Rome who called for the First Crusade; Anselm of Canterbury, Italian-born philosopher, Doctor of the Church and later English bishop; Francis of Assisi, mystic and founder of the Franciscans; Bonaventure of Bagnorea, Dominican theologian and Doctor of the Church; Thomas Aquinas, theologian, philosopher, and Doctor of the Church; Dante, poet; Catherine of Siena, mystic, reformer, and Doctor of the Church; Monteverdi, composer; Robert Bellarmine of Tuscany, Jesuit theologian and Doctor of the Church; Antonio Vivaldi, priest and composer; Leo XIII, bishop of Rome and social reformer; Pius XII, bishop of Rome; John XXIII, bishop of Rome and initiator of Second Vatican Council, among many others. One could add to this list the founders of various contemporary lay ecclesial movements, notably Luigi Giussani, founder of Communion And Liberation, and Chiara Lubich, founder of the Focolare Movement. Also, Andrea Riccardi, founder of the Community of Sant'Egidio, now one of the great faith based organizations in the world.

Today

Around 90% of the Italian population is Catholic, of which one-third are active members^[2] Italy has 225 dioceses and archdioceses, more than any other country in the world with the exception of Brazil. It also has the largest number of parishes (25,694), female (102,089) and male (23,719) religious, and priests (44,906 including secular (i.e. diocesan) and religious (those belonging to a male religious order)).^{[citation needed]}

The bishops in Italy make up the Conferenza Episcopale Italiana as a collaborative body to perform certain functions specified by Canon Law. Unlike most episcopal conferences, the president of the Italian conference is appointed by the pope, is his capacity as Primate of Italy. Since March 2007, the president of the episcopal conference has been Cardinal Angelo Bagnasco.

Organization

The Apostolic nuncio to Italy is also the nuncio to San Marino. Since January 2007, the nuncio has been Italian Archbishop Giuseppe Bertello.

Map outline of the 17 Italian ecclesiastical regions

• 16 ecclesiastical regions (corresponding to Regions of Italian State, with some consolidations: + Piemonte Valle d'Aosta / Trentino-Alto Adige + Friuli-Venezia Giulia Veneto + / Abruzzo + Molise. Even if the boundaries of the ecclesiastical regions do not coincide perfectly with the administrative boundaries of regions of the Italian Republic)
• 42 ecclesiastical provinces divided into:
  • 1 Apostolic: Rome
  • 1 seat Patriarch The Venice (apart from the title, is equal to all other metropolitan archdiocese)
  • 40 archdiocese metropolitan
• 20 Archdiocese
• 155 diocese (see: List of Italian dioceses)
• 2 Territorial Prelature
  • Loreto
  • Pompeii
• 6 Abbeys territorial
  • Monte Oliveto Maggiore
  • Montecassino
  • Montevergine
  • Santa Maria di Grottaferrata
  • Holy Trinity of Cava dei Tirreni
  • Subiaco
• 1 ordinariate military

There are two Catholic Churches in its own right:

• The Latin Catholic Church (absolute majority, in 'Archdiocese of Milan, the liturgy is celebrated with Ambrosian rite, while the rest of Italy with the Roman rite)
• The Italo-Greek Catholic Church (or Italo-Albanian), formed by the 'Territorial Abbey of Santa Maria di Grottaferrata, from' Eparchy of Lungro and the 'Eparchy of Piana Albanians (PA)

The Primate of Italy is the Bishop of Rome, which is also the Pope of Catholics.

References

1. ^ http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11744a.htm
2. ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html