Terrorism in the United States

A common definition of terrorism is the systematic use or threatened use of violence to intimidate a population or government and thereby effect political, religious, or ideological change.cite web|url= http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9071797 |title= Terrorism |accessdate= 2006-08-11|accessmonthday= |accessyear= |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica|pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate=] [cite web|url= http://www.bartleby.com/61/26/T0122600.html|title= Terrorism|accessdate= 2006-08-11|accessmonthday= |accessyear= |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language|pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate=]

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Various attacks

1800-1899

*
* August 21-August 22, 1831: Nat Turner's slave rebellion—Virginian slave Nat Turner leads the largest slave rebellion in the antebellum U.S., slaughtering of over 50 people in Virginia.
* May 21, 1856: Sacking of Lawrence—Pro-Slavery forces enter Lawrence, Kansas to disarm residents and destroy the town's presses and the Free State Hotel.
* May 24-May 25, 1856: Pottawatomie Massacre—In response to the sacking of Lawrence, John Brown leads a group of abolitionists in the murders of five pro-slavery Kansas settlers.
* April 15, 1865: Abraham Lincoln assassination—John Wilkes Booth assassinates U.S. President Abraham Lincoln in Washington, DC after the Confederate defeat in the Civil War.
* May 4, 1886: Haymarket affair—Bombs detonated by anarchists at Haymarket Square in Chicago during a labor rally kill twelve people.

1900-1959

* 1901 September 6: President William McKinley assassinated by Michigan born Russian-Polish anarchist, Leon Czolgosz, in Buffalo, New York.
* 1910 October 1: The "Los Angeles Times" building in Los Angeles is destroyed by dynamite, killing 21 workers. The bomb was apparently placed due to the paper's opposition to unionization of its employees; [ [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USACbombing.htm Bombing of the Los Angeles Times ] ] the McNamara Brothers were found guilty.
* 1915, July 2: Frank Holt (also known as Eric Muenter), a German professor who wanted to stop American support of the Allies in World War I, exploded a bomb in the reception room of the U.S. Senate. The next morning he tried to assassinate J.P. Morgan, Jr., son of the financier, at his home on Long Island. In a letter to the Washington Evening Star published after the blast, Muenter writing under an assumed name, said he hoped that the detonation would “make enough noise to be heard above the voices that clamor for war” J.P. Morgan’s company served as Great Britain’s principal U.S. purchasing agent for munitions and other war supplies [ [ [http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/senate/notabledays/chap4.pdf 200 Notable Days: Senate Stories, 1787 to 2002 - Chapter IV] ]
* 1916 July 22: The Preparedness Day bombing kills ten people and injures 40 in San Francisco. The identity of the bombers has never been proven. Radical union leaders were suspected, although several were deemed to be falsely accused.
* 1920 September 16: The Wall Street bombing occurred in the finance district of New York City, killing 38 and injuring 400. Anarchists claimed responsibility for the attack.
* 1921 May 31: During the Tulsa Race Riot there were reports that whites dropped dynamite from airplanes onto a black ghetto in Tulsa. The riot killed 39-300 people and destroyed more than 1,100 homes. This account is heavily disputed, however. ["Lies My Teacher Told Me." Loewen, James W., Touchstone Simon and Schuster, 1996.]
* 1933, October 10, A Boeing 247 is destroyed in midflight over Indiana by a nitroglycerin bomb. All seven people aboard are killed. This incident is the first proven case of air sabotage in the history of aviation. The identity of the perpetrator and his rationale for the attack are unknown.
* 1940 4 July: Two New York City policemen killed and two critically wounded examining a bomb they had found at the British Pavilion at the World's Fair
* 1940–1956: George Metesky, the Mad Bomber, placed over 30 bombs in New York City in public places such as Grand Central Station and The Paramount Theatre injuring ten during this period in protest of the high rates of a local electric utility. He also sent many threatening letters to various high profile individuals.
* 1958 October 12: Bombing of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple of Atlanta, Georgia. The acts were carried out by white racists.

1960s

*1960: The Sunday Bomber sets off a series of bombs in New York City subways [ [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50A14FF3F551A7A93C5A9178AD95F448685F9] ] [ [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0F1FFF3D5B1A738DDDAA0994D8415B808AF1D3] ] and ferries [ [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10814FE34551A7A93C6AB178BD95F448685F9] ] during Sundays and Holidays, killing one woman and injuring 51 other commuters. The incidents receive "breathless" media coverage.
* April 23-April 30, 1968: During a student rebellion at New York's Columbia University members of the New Left organization Students for a Democratic Society and Student Afro-American Society held a dean hostage demanding an end to both military research on campus and construction of a gymnasium in nearby Harlem. [ [http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/columbia68/time2.htm strike ] ]
* 1969 August 7: Twenty were injured by radical leftist Sam Melville in a bombing of the Marine Midland Building in New York City.
* 1969 August 8: United States Department of Commerce Offices in New York City damaged by bombing
* 1969 September 18: The Federal Building in New York City is bombed by radical leftist Jane Alpert [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B02E6DB1039F936A15753C1A967948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print] ] .
* 1969 October 7: Fifth floor of the Armed Forces Induction Center in New York City devastated by explosion attributed to radical leftist Jane Alpert.
* 1969 November 12: A bomb is detonated in the Manhattan Criminal Court building in New York City. Jane Alpert, Sam Melville, and 3 other militant radical leftists are arrested hours later [ [http://www.enotes.com/peoples-chronology/year-1969] ] .

1970s

* 1970 August 24: Sterling Hall bombing at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Wisconsin in protest of the Army Mathematics Research Center and the Vietnam War, killing one. Bombers Karleton Armstrong, Dwight Armstrong, David Fine, and Leo Burt claimed the death of physicist Robert Fassnacht was unintentional but acknowledged that they knew the building was occupied when they planted the bomb.
* 1970 November 21: Bombing of the City Hall of Portland, Oregon in an attempt to destroy the state's bronze Liberty Bell replica. The late night explosion destroyed the display foyer, blew out the building doors, damaged the council hall, and blew out windows more than a block away. The night janitor was injured in the blast. The crime remains unsolved, though a number of local anti-war and radical leftist groups of the era remain the primary suspects.
* 1970: Jewish Defense League linked with a bomb explosion outside of Aeroflot's New York City office in protest of treatment of Soviet Jews
* 1971: Jewish Defense League linked to a detonation outside of Soviet cultural offices in Washington and rifle fire into the Soviet mission to the United Nations
* 1971 March 1: The radical leftist group Weatherman explode a bomb in the U.S. Capitol to protest the U.S. invasion of Laos.
* 1973 June 1: Yosef Alon, the Israeli Air Force attache in Washington, D.C., was shot and killed outside his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland. Palestinian militant group Black September is suspected, though the case remains unsolved. [ [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/876699.html Discovery of CIA tip on Israeli envoy's killer could revive 1973 case - Haaretz - Israel News ] ]
* 1974 June 13: The 29th floor of the Gulf Tower in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was bombed with dynamite at 9:41 p.m. resulting in no injuries. The radical leftist group Weatherman took credit, but no suspects have ever been identified.
* 1974 August 6: Bomb at LAX ticketing area in Terminal 2 kills two and injures 17. [ [http://www.lafire.com/famous_fires/1974-0806_Explosion-LAX/1974-0807_Explosion-LAX.htm Explosion at LAX, August 6, 1974 ] ] "Alphabet Bomber" Muharem Kurbegovic, the perpetrator of this attack and a series of smaller arsons and firebombings, received a life sentence and remains incarcerated. The motive appears to have been perceived discrimination against immigrants.
* 1975 January 25: A bomb explodes in Fraunces Tavern located in lower Manhattan, New York City, killing four and injuring more than 50. The Puerto Rican nationalist group FALN, which had set off other bombs in New York City, claimed responsibility. No one was ever prosecuted for the bombing.
* 1975 December 29: A bomb at New York's LaGuardia Airport kills 11 and injures 75. The bombing remains unsolved. [ [http://archives.cnn.com/2002/LAW/12/24/ctv.laguardia/ CNN.com - LaGuardia Christmas bombing remains unsolved 27 years later - Dec. 24, 2002 ] ]
* 1976 September 11: Croatian terrorists hijack a TWA airliner diverting it to Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador, and then Paris demanding a manifesto be printed. One police officer was killed and three injured during an attempt to defuse a bomb that contained their communiques in a New York City train station locker. [ [http://www.tkb.org/Incident.jsp?incID=1824 MIP T Terrorism Knowledge Base ] ] . Zvonko Busic who served 32 years in prison for the attack was released and returned to Croatia to a heroes welcome in July 2008. [ [http://www.newsday.com/services/newspaper/printedition/friday/news/ny-world255776529jul25,0,1375003.story World And Nation Update Newsday July 25, 2008] ]
* 1976 September 21: Orlando Letelier, a former member of the Chilean government, was killed by a car bomb in Washington, D.C. along with his assistant Ronni Moffitt. The killing was carried out by members of the Chilean DINA.
* 1977 March 9: About a dozen Hanafi Muslims, led by Hamas Abdul Khaalis, took over the District Building (the city hall), the B'nai B'rith building, and the Islamic Center, in Washington, D.C. They were apparently seeking revenge for the murder of some of Khaalis' family. They held more than 130 hostages until the next day, killing a radio reporter and shooting and wounding then-councilman Marion Barry. The hostages were freed after negotiations, and the attackers were sent to prison. [ [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/islam-hanafi.htm Hanafi Islam ] ] [ [http://openweb.tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/1977-3/1977-03-09-NBC-2.html Washington, DC / Hostages NBC News broadcast from the Vanderbilt Television News Archive ] ] [ [http://www.jonimitchell.com/glossary/entry.cfm?id=28] Dead link|date=March 2008]

1980s

* 1980 June 3: Bombing of the Statue of Liberty. At 7:30 p.m., a time delayed explosive device detonated in the Statue of Liberty's Story Room. Detonated after business hours, the bomb did not injure anyone, but cause $18,000 in damage, destroying many of the exhibits. The room was sealed off and left unrepaired until the Statue of Liberty restoration project that began years later. FBI investigators believed the perpetrators were Croatian terrorists seeking independence for Croatia from Yugoslavia, though no arrests were made.
* 1980 July 22: Ali Akbar Tabatabai, an Iranian exile and critic of Ayatollah Khomeni, was shot in his Bethesda, Maryland home. Dawud Salahuddin, an American Muslim convert, was apparently paid by Iranians to kill Tabatabai. [http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?020805fa_fact]
* 1982 January 28: Kemal Arikan, the Turkish Consul-General in Los Angeles, is killed by members of the Justice Commandos Against Armenian Genocide.
* 1982 May 4: Turkish Honorary Consul Orhan Gunduz was assassinated in his car in Somerville, Massachusetts by the Justice Commandos Against Armenian Genocide.
* 1983 November 7: U.S. Senate bombing. The Armed Resistance Unit, a militant leftist group, bombs the U.S. Capitol in response to the U.S. invasion of Grenada.
* 1984: In what is believed to be the first incident of bioterrorism in the United States the Rajneeshee cult spreads salmonella in salad bars at 10 restaurants in The Dalles, Oregon, to influence a local election which backfired as suspicious residents came out in droves to prevent the election of Rajneeshee candidates.. Health officials say that 751 people were sickened and more than 40 hospitalized. All but one of the establishments attacked went out of business. Investigators believed that similar attacks had previously been carried out in Salem, Portland and other cities in Oregon. [http://www.newsday.com/news/printedition/stories/ny-usagri135016305dec15,0,3491937.story] See also 1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack.
* 1985 October 11: Alex Odeh, a prominent Arab-American, was killed by a bomb in his office in Santa Ana, California. The case is unsolved, but it is thought the Jewish Defense League was responsible.
* 1985 December 11: computer rental store owner, Hugh Scrutton, is the first fatality of the Unabomber's neo-luddite campaign.

1990s

* 1993 January 25: CIA Shooting: Mir Aimal Kasi opened fire to cars waiting at the stop light in front of CIA Headquarters in Langley, VA killing two and injuring three others.
* 1993 February 26: First World Trade Center bombing killed six and injured 1,000. The attack was carried out by radical Islamist Ramzi Yousef, a member of Al Qaeda.
* 1994 December 10: Advertising executive, Thomas J. Mosser, is killed after opening a mail package from the Unabomber, being the second fatality of the mailbomb campaign.
* 1995 April 19: Oklahoma City bombing: A truck bomb shattered the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, killing 168 people-including children playing in the building's day care center. Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols launched the attack as part of the scheme of an anti-government militia.
* 1995 April 24: Timber industry lobbyist, Gilbert P. Murray, is the third and final fatal victim of the Unabomber's mailbomb campaign.
* 1996 July 27: Centennial Olympic Park bombing by Eric Robert Rudolph occurred in Atlanta, Georgia, during the Atlanta Olympics. One person was killed and 111 injured. In a statement released in 2005 Rudolph said the motive was to protest abortion and the "global socialist" Olympic Movement.
* 1997 February 24: 69-year-old Palestinian Ali Abu Kamal opens fire on tourists at an observation deck atop the Empire State Building killing a Danish national and wounding visitors from the United States, Argentina, Switzerland and France before turning the gun on himself [CNN: [http://www.cnn.com/US/9702/24/empire.shooting/] ] . A handwritten note carried by the gunman claims this was a punishment attack against the "enemies of Palestine". His widow claimed he became suicidal after losing $300,000 in a business venture. In a 2007 interview with the "New York Daily News" his daughter said her mother's story was a cover crafted by the Palestinian Authority and that her father wanted to punish the United States for its support of Israel [New York Daily News: [http://www.nydailynews.com/02-18-2007/news/story/498533p-420269c.html Killer's daughter admits it was political] , February 18, 2007]
*1999 December 31 An arson fire causes one million dollars in damage and destroys the fourth floor of Michigan State University's Agriculture Hall. In 2008 four people that the government claimed were Earth Liberation Front members were indicted for that incident. [ [http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5iqqcciIBVCeR7makN4-UuDardrTAD8VBDCBGK 4 Charged in 1999 Michigan State Fire Associated Press March 12, 2008] ]

2000-present

* 2001 September 11: September 11, 2001 attacks carried out by Al-Qaeda. Islamic fundamentalists use airplanes to destroy the twin towers of the World Trade Center and heavily damage The Pentagon. A fourth plane crashed prematurely in Pennsylvania.
* 2001 September 18: November - 2001 anthrax attacks. Letters tainted with anthrax kill five across the United States, with politicians and media officials as the apparent targets. . On July 31, 2008 Bruce E. Ivins a top biodefense researcher committed suicide. [ [http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gH1fcT1QrjvwIaAZTO63_lxHs9EQD929A37O0 Anthrax scientist commits suicide as FBI closes in Associated Press July 31, 2008] ] On August 6, 2008 the FBI concluded that Ivins was solely responsible for the attacks and suggested that Ivins wanted to bolster support for a vaccine he helped create and that he targeted two lawmakers because they were Catholics who held pro choice views. [ [http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5icCsDXbi3Yojuvo5W4j01VxWio0wD92D4B1G0 US: Ivins solely responsible for anthrax attacks Associated Press August 6, 2008] ]
* 2001 May 21 The Center for Urban Horticulture at the University of Washington burned. Replacement building cost $7,000,000. Earth Liberation Front members pleads guilty [New York Times: [http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20061005&slug=uwfire05m] ] [ [http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/6420ap_wa_ecoterror_trial.html Jury in University of Wash. ecoterror trial reaches verdicts AP March 5, 2008] ]
* May 2002 Mailbox Pipe Bomber: Lucas John Helder rigged pipe bombs in private mailboxes to explode when the boxes were opened. He injured 6 people in Nebraska, Colorado, Texas, Illinois, and Iowa. His motivation was to garner media attention so that he could spread a message denouncing government control over daily lives and the illegality of marijuana as well as promoting astral projection.
* 2002 July 4: Hesham Mohamed Hadayet, a 41-year-old Egyptian national, kills two Israelis and wounds four others at the El Al ticket counter at Los Angeles International Airport. The FBI concluded this was terrorism, although they found no evidence linking Hadayet to any terrorist group. [ [http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/West/04/12/airport.shooting/ CNN.com - FBI, Justice: El Al attack was terrorism - April 12, 2003 ] ]
* October 2002 Beltway Sniper Attacks: During three weeks in October 2002 John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo killed 10 people and critically injured three others in Washington D.C, Baltimore, and Virginia. An earlier spree by the pair had resulted in 3 deaths in Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, California, Arizona, and Texas to bring the total to 16 deaths. No motivation was given at the trial but evidence presented showed an affinity to the cause of the Islamic Jihad.
*2006 March 05: Mohammed Reza Taheri-azar injured 6 when he drove an SUV into a group of pedestrians at UNC-Chapel Hill to "avenge the deaths or murders of Muslims around the world" [ABC News: [http://abclocal.go.com/wtvd/story?section=news/local&id=3958312] ] .
*2006 July 08: Naveed Afzal Haq walked into the Jewish Federation in downtown Seattle, Washington and began shooting after shouting, "I'm a Muslim American; I'm angry at Israel" [Seattle Times: [http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003159826_webbelltown28.html] ] . Haq killed one and wounded five others (three critically). [CNN News: [http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/07/28/seattle.shooting/index.html] ] [Milwaukee Jewish Federation: [http://www.milwaukeejewish.org/page.aspx?id=131611] ]
*2007 October 26: A pair of improvised explosive devices were thrown at the Mexican Consulate in New York City. The fake grenades were filled with black powder and detonated by fuses causing very minor damage. Police were investigating the connection between this and a similar attack against the British Consulate in New York in 2005 [ [http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=3781289 Police Probe Mexican Consulate Explosion AP October 26, 2007] ] .
*2008 February: In the first reported incident of animal-rights extremists physically assaulting the family members of animal researchers, six masked activists attempted to force their way into the home of a University of California, Santa Cruz, researcher and injured the researcher's husband [ [http://www.fbresearch.org/Media/MediaRoom/Backgrounder/IllegalIncidentsBackgrounder/tabid/610/Default.aspx February 2008 – Activists Attack UC Santa Cruz Researcher’s Family] ] [ [http://www.adl.org/learn/extremism_in_america_updates/movements/ecoterrorism/alf_santa_cruz.htm Santa Cruz Attack Likely Linked to Animal Rights Extremism Anti Defamation League, March 4 2008] ] .
*2008 March 3: Four multimillion-dollar show homes place in Woodinville, Washington are torched. The Earth Liberation Front is suspected in the fires [ [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/04/us/04homes.html?em&ex=1204779600&en=c68b398a82da12bc&ei=5087%0A Ecoterrorism Suspected in House Fires in Seattle Suburb The New York Times March 4, 2008] ] .
*2008 March 6: A military recruiting station in Times Square was bombed in the early hours resulting in minor damage to the facility. It is believed a simply constructed device was used. Surveillance video that recorded the explosion also captured a bicycle riding man who prior to the blast stopped and walked up to the facility. Police are investigating a possible link between this attack and recent attacks on the Mexican and British consulates in New York [ [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23504494/ NYPD: Surveillance Video Captures Times Square Blast WNBC-TV March 6, 2008] ] [ [http://video.wnbc.com/player/?id=226444 Video of Times Square Bombing] ] . Police are offering a $15000 reward for information that leads to an arrest [ [http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/ny-nybike035636358apr03,0,5867313.story Cops seek help in Times Square bombing probe Newsday April 3, 2008] ]
*2008 May 4 Multiple nail laden pipe bombs exploded at a Federal Courthouse in San Diego at 1:40 AM causing "considerable damage" to the entrance and lobby and sending shrapnel two blocks away. The F.B.I. is investigating links between this attack and an April 25 explosion at the FedEx building also in San Diego. [ [http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jXF1F4MOmjJ9Od36E5VcEGfxKItgD90FQ7M83 Probe of San Diego court pipe bomb looks at earlier blast Associated Press May 5, 2008] ] [ [http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20080505-1503-bn05bomb.html FBI: Courthouse bomb was simple, but deadly San Diego Union-Tribune May 5, 2008] ]
*2008 July 27 Jim D. Adkisson opened fire in the Tennessee Valley Unitarian Universalist Church in Knoxville,Tennessee killing two and injuring seven before being tackled to the ground by congregation members. A note found in his SUV indicated this was intended as a suicide attack and said the church was apparently targeted because of its support of liberal social policies. [ [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/28/AR2008072802314.html Rampage Attributed to Hatred of Liberalism Washington Post July, 29, 2008] ]
*2008 August 2, August 3 University of California-Santa Cruz molecular biologist David Feldheim's home was firebombed. A car belonging to another researcher from that University was destroyed by a firebomb in what is presumed to be related. FBI is investigating incidents as domestic terrorism related to animal rights groups [ [http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news/local&id=6316059 FBI raids Santa Cruz home in firebomb investigation] ] . [ [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/04/usa1?gusrc=rss&feed=networkfront Animal rights activists defend firebombing attacks against US researchers The Guardian August 4, 2008] ]

Attacks by type

Organized KKK violence

* 1865-1877: Over 3000 Freedmen and their Republican Party allies are killed by a combination of the Ku Klux Klan and well organized campaigns of violence by local whites in a campaign of terrorist violence that overthrew Reconstructionist governments in the south and reestablished segregation. [Jonathan M. Bryant: [http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-694 Ku Klux Klan in the Reconstruction Era] , "The New Georgia Encyclopedia", October 3, 2002] [ [http://www.nypost.com/seven/01202008/postopinion/postopbooks/they_didnt_give_a_damn_111633.htm?page=0 The Bloody Shirt Terror After Appomattox by Stephen Budiansky Viking Press] ]
* 1868 October 22: James M. Hinds, Arkansas congressional representative, assassinated by a member of the Ku Klux Klan in Little Rock
* 1898 November 10: In the Wilmington Insurrection of 1898, White supremacists overthrow the biracial Republican government of Wilmington, North Carolina, killing at least 22 African Americans, marking the beginning of the Jim Crow era in North Carolina.
* 1927: The Ku Klux Klan launch a wave of political terror in Alabama, attempting to undermine African American rights.
* December 21, 1951: Harry T. Moore, NAACP state director, and his wife are killed by a bomb planted in their home in Mims, Florida by members of the Ku Klux Klan.
* 1963 June 12: NAACP organizer Medgar Evers shot in front of his Mississippi home by member of the Ku Klux Klan.
* September 16, 1963: 16th Street Baptist Church bombing. A member of the Ku Klux Klan bombed a Church in Birmingham, Alabama, killing four girls.
* June 21, 1964: In the Mississippi civil rights worker murders, three civil rights workers are murdered in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Ku Klux Klan.
* March 25, 1965: The Ku Klux Klan murders Viola Liuzzo, a Southern-raised white mother of five who was visiting Alabama from her home in Detroit to attend a civil rights march. At the time of her murder Liuzzo was transporting Civil Rights Marchers.
* 1966 January 10: Vernon Dahmer dies in the firebombing of his own home in Mississippi at the hands of the Ku Klux Klan.
* 1979 November 3: Members of the Ku Klux Klan and the American Nazi Party fire on meeting of members of a Communist group who were trying to organize local African American workers in Greensboro, North Carolina, killing five. See Greensboro Massacre.
* March 20, 1981: Michael Donald was randomly selected to be lynched by two Ku Klux Klan members near his Alabama home. He was beaten, had his throat slit, and was hung.

Puerto Rican nationalists

* 1954 March 1: U.S. Capitol shooting incident. Four Puerto Rican nationalists shoot and wound five members of the United States Congress during an immigration debate.
* 1969 October 14 The Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN), a Puerto Rican nationalist group, claims responsibility for a small bomb explosion at Macy's Herald Square
* 1975 January 24: FALN, bombs Fraunces Tavern in New York City, killing four and injuring more than 50.
* 1975 December 29: A bomb set off by FALN in East Harlem, New York permanently disables a police officer while causing him to lose an eye.
* 1977 August 3: FALN bombs exploded on the twenty-first floor of 342 Madison Avenue in New York City, which housed United States Department of Defense security personnel, as well as the Mobil Building at 150 East Forty-Second Street, killing one. In addition the group warned that bombs were located in thirteen other buildings, including the Empire State Building and the World Trade Center resulting in the evacuation of one hundred thousand people. Five days later a bomb attributed to the group was found in the AMEX building. [ [http://www.mipt.org/incidentcalendar.asp Terrorism Incidents and Significant Dates Calendar - Terrorism Information Center ] ]
* May 3, 1979: FALN exploded a bomb outside of the Shubert Theatre in Chicago, injuring five people.
* 1980 March 15 Armed members of FALN raided the campaign headquarters of President Jimmy Carter in Chicago and the campaign headquarters of George H. W. Bush in New York City. Seven people in Chicago and ten people in New York were tied up as the offices were vandalized before the FALN members fled. A few days later, Carter delegates in Chicago received threatening letters from FALN.
* 1981 May 16: One was killed in an explosion in the toilets at the Pan Am terminal at New York's JFK airport. The bombing is claimed by the Puerto Rican Resistance Army [ [ http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/s368066.htm Australian Broadcasting Corporation - Terrorism Chronology] ] .
* 1982 December 31: FALN explodes bombs outside of the 26 Federal Plaza in Manhattan, Federal Bureau of Investigation Headquarters and a United States courthouse in Brooklyn. Three New York Police Department police officers are blinded with one officer losing both eyes. All three officers sustained other serious injuries trying to diffuse a second Federal Plaza bomb. [ [http://www.nypost.com/seven/01012008/news/regionalnews/three_cops_honored_for_82_bomb_heroics_24842.htm Three Cops honored For '82 Bomb Heroics New York Post January 1, 2008] ] , [ [http://www.newsday.com/services/newspaper/printedition/tuesday/news/ny-nybomb01vr5521973jan01,0,3006409.story 3 cops' fateful New Year's Eve Newsday January 1, 2008] ]

Black militancy

* 1970 October 22: An antipersonnel time bomb explodes outside a San Francisco church, showering steel shrapnel on mourners of a patrolman slain in a bank holdup; no one is injured. The Black Liberation Army is suspected. [http://thetalkingdrum.com/freedomfighters.html The Freedom Fighters ] ]
* 1971: During this year the Black Liberation Army is suspected of killing three policemen one at his desk in San Francisco, shooting four others and opening fire on three patrol cars and rolling a grenade which heavily damages a police car and injures two officers. An attempt is made to bomb a police station. These incidents happen in various cities around the country. In August the group runs a one month long guerrilla warfare school in Fayetteville, Georgia. Seven are arrested in January 2007 in connection with the San Francisco desk shooting incident. [ [http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/ny-nylaw245064594jan24,0,7095234.story?coll=ny-nynews-print Newsday Article January 24, 2007 Herbert Lowe] ]
* 1972 January 22: Two St. Louis policemen, Gregory Foster and Rocco Laurie, are shot in the back by at least three persons; four suspects in the case are members of the Black Liberation Army; one suspect is later killed in a street battle with police; the recovered pistol matches Laurie's.
* 1972 December 28: A Brooklyn, New York bartender is held for $12000 ransom by the Black Liberation Army.
* 1973 January 7: After shooting a police officer a week earlier Mark Essex a former Black Panther party member shoots nineteen people, ten of them police officers, in retaliation for police killings in and around a Howard Johnsons hotel in New Orleans. He also set fires in the hotel before being killed by police.
* 1973: A New York City transit detective is killed and ten law enforcement personnel are shot four by machine gun during the year mostly in and around New York City by the Black Liberation Army. Also two members of that organization are arrested with a car full of explosives. In the next few years there are a number of violent incidents involving this organization but they are more criminal in nature.

Failed attacks

* 1950 November 1: Assassination attempt on President Harry S. Truman by members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party at the Blair House in Washington, D.C.
* 1965 The Monumental Plot - New York Police thwart an attempt to dynamite the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Bell, and the Washington Monument by three members of the pro-Castro Black Liberation Front and a Quebec Separatist. [ [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,833472,00.html The Monumental Plot - TIME ] ]
* 1970 March 6 Three members of the Weather Underground are killed when their “bomb factory” located in New York’s Greenwich Village accidentally explodes. WUO members Theodore Gold, Diana Oughton, and Terry Robbins die in this accident. The bomb was intended to be planted at a non-commissioned officer's dance at Fort Dix, New Jersey. The bomb was packed with nails to inflict maximum casualties upon detonation. See Greenwich Village townhouse explosion.
* 1972 Two Jewish Defense League members were arrested and charged with bomb possession and burglary in a conspiracy to blow up the Long Island residence of the Soviet Mission to the United Nations
* 1972 March 7 4.5 pounds of C-4 explosives found on a plane by New York City Police Bomb Squad.
* 1973 March 6: Explosives found in the trunks of cars were defused at the El Al air terminal at Kennedy Airport, the First Israel Bank and Trust Company, and the Israel Discount Bank, in New York City. Black September was believed responsible, and an Iraqi was arrested for the bombs in 1991. [ [http://www.tkb.org/Incident.jsp?incID=1061 MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base ] ]
* 1975 September 22: Sarah Jane Moore tries to assassinate President Gerald Ford outside of the St. Francis Hotel in San Francisco. The attempt fails when a bystander grabs her arm and deflects the shot. Moore has stated the motive was to create chaos to bring "the winds of change" because the government had declared war on the left wing [cite news |first=Eileen |last=Keerdoja |title=Squeaky and Sara Jane |url=http://www.squeakyfromme.org/media/keerdoja.htm |format=HTML |work=Newsweek |date=1976-11-08 |accessdate=2007-01-03 |language=English ] [cite web |url=http://www.suck.com/daily/2001/02/12/1.html |title=Putting the Ass Back in Assassin |accessdate=2007-01-03 |date=2001-02-12 |format=HTML |work=Suck.Com |language=English ] [cite web |url=http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=local&id=4900159 |title=Interview: Woman Who Tried To Assassinate Ford |accessdate=2007-01-03 |last=Lee |first=Vic |date=2007-01-02 |format=HTML |work=ABC-7 News |publisher=KGO-TV |language=English ] .
* 1984 According to Oregon law enforcement there was an abortive plot by the Rajneeshee cult to murder United States Attorney for Oregon, Charles Turner. [cite news | last =Larabee | first =Mark | coauthors = | title =Two Rajneeshee members plead guilty: Sally-Anne Croft and Susan Hagan return to the United States to face 15-year-old wiretapping charges | work =The Oregonian | pages = | language = | publisher = | date =December 16 2000 | url = | accessdate = ] cite book | last =Carter | first =Lewis F. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Charisma and Control in Rajneeshpuram | publisher =Cambridge University Press | date =1990 | location = | page =Pages 202, 222, 225, 235-238 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn =0521385547]
* April 1985: The FBI arrested several members of a Sikh terrorist group who were plotting to kill Indian PM Rajiv Gandhi when he visited New York in June.
* 1988 April 12: Yu Kikumura, a member of the Japanese Red Army, is arrested with three pipe bombs on the New Jersey Turnpike. According to prosecutors, Kikumura planned to bomb a military recruitment office in the Veteran's Administration building in lower Manhattan on April 14, the anniversary of the U.S. raid on Libya.
* June 1993: New York City landmark bomb plot. Followers of radical cleric Omar Abdel-Rahman were arrested while planning to bomb landmarks in New York City, including the UN headquarters.
* 2000 January 1: 2000 millennium attack plots, plan to bomb LAX Airport in Los Angeles, California
* 2001 December 12: Jewish Defense League plot by Chairman Irv Rubin and follower Earl Krugel to blow up the King Fahd Mosque in Culver City, California and the office of Lebanese-American Congressman Darrell Issa foiled.
* 2001 December 22: Richard Reid tackled by passengers in a plane traveling from Paris to Miami when he tried to light explosives concealed in his shoe.
* 2004 Financial buildings plot: Al-Qaeda plan to bomb the International Monetary Fund, New York Stock Exchange, Citigroup and Prudential buildings broken up after arrest of computer expert in Pakistan and plotters in Britain.
*2004 Columbus Shopping Mall Bombing Plot: A loosely organized group of young men planned to carry out an attack on an unnamed shopping mall.
* June 2006: The Animal Liberation Front targets UCLA professor Lynn Fairbanks with a firebomb due to her research on animals. The bomb was placed on the doorstep of a house occupied by her neighbor and a tenant. According to the FBI, the device was lit but failed to ignite and was powerful enough to have killed the occupants.
* 2006 September 11: A man rammed his car into a women's clinic that he thought was an abortion clinic and set it ablaze in Davenport, Iowa causing $20,000 worth of damage to the building. [http://desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060912/NEWS/60912022/1001/NEWS]
* 2007 April 25: A bomb was left in a women's clinic in Austin but failed to explode. [cite news| url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/headline/metro/4752415.html| date= April 26, 2007| title=Explosive found at Austin women's clinic| publisher=Associated Press ] [cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/04/26/clinic.bomb/index.html| title= Bomb found at women's clinic| date= April 26, 2007| publisher=CNN| first= Carol| last= Cratty]

Arrests and detentions

* 1943 March 31 Clarence Cull arrested and charged with attempting to assassinate President Franklin D. Roosevelt by suicide bombing. Cull blamed Roosevelt for lost convoys of Merchant Ships.
* 2002 May 8: José Padilla accused by John Ashcroft of plotting to attack the United States with a dirty bomb, declared as an enemy combatant, and denied habeas corpus. No material evidence has been produced to support the allegation.
* 2003 April 24: William Krar is charged for his part in the Tyler poison gas plot, a white supremacist related plan. A sodium cyanide bomb was seized with at least 100 other bombs, bomb components, machine guns, and 500,000 rounds of ammunition. He faces up to 10 years in prison. [ [http://www.thememoryhole.org/terror/tyler-terror.htm The Memory Hole > The US Terrorism Plot That the Media Ignores ] ] [ [http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?BRD=1994&dept_id=226369&newsid=10512212&PAG=461&rfi=9 Tyler Morning Telegraph - TYLER MAN, COMPANION PLEAD GUILTY IN FED COURT ] ]
* 2003 May 1: Iyman Faris pleas guilty to providing material support to Al Qaeda and plotting to bring down the Brooklyn Bridge by cutting through cables with blowtorches. He had been working as a double for the FBI since March, but in October was sentenced to 20 years in prison.
* 2005 August 31: Kevin James and three others indicted on charges to wage war against the U.S. government through terrorism in California.
* 2006 February 21: The Toledo terror plot where three men were accused of conspiring to wage a "holy war" against the United States, supply help to the terrorist in Iraq, and threatening to kill the US president.
* 2006 June 23: The Miami bomb plot to attack the Sears Tower where seven men were arrested after an FBI agent infiltrated a group while posing as an al-Qaeda member. No weapons or other materials were found.
* 2006 July 7: Three suspects arrested in Lebanon for plotting to blow up a Hudson River tunnel and flood the New York financial district. The "plot" was talk, and entirely unfeasible because it would require enormous amounts of explosives, and the target was above the water level anyhow.
* 2006 November 29 Demetrius Van Crocker a white supremacist from rural Tennessee was sentenced to 30 years in prison for attempting to acquire Sarin nerve gas and C-4 explosives that he planned to use to destroy government buildings. [ [http://www.wkrn.com/nashville/news/ap-man-sentenced-to-30-years-in-prison-on-terrorism-charges/62336.htm (AP) Man sentenced to 30 years in prison on terrorism charges | WKRN.COM ] ]
* 2006 December 8: Derrick Shareef, 22, a Muslim convert who talked about his desire to wage jihad against civilians was charged in a plot to set off four hand grenades in garbage cans December 22 at the CherryVale Mall in Rockford, Illinois. [ [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16110298/ Ill. man arrested for alleged bomb plot - Security - MSNBC.com ] ]
* 2007 March 5 A Rikers Island inmate offered to pay an undercover police officer posing as a hit man to behead New York City police commissioner Raymond Kelly and bomb police headquarters in retaliation for the controversial police shooting of Sean Bell. The suspect wanted the bombing to be considered a terrorist act [http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/ny-nyhit065119743mar06,0,340430.story?coll=ny-nynews-print March 6 Newsday Article] [ [http://wcbstv.com/topstories/local_story_065220328.html wcbs-tv] ]
*2007 May 1: Five members of a self styled Birmingham, Alabama area anti-immigration militia were arrested for planning a machine gun attack on Mexicans [ [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18426038/ MSNBC Agent: Ala. militia planned attack on Mexicans] ]
* 2007 May 7: Fort Dix attack plot Six men inspired by Jihadist videos arrested in a failed homegrown terrorism plot to kill soldiers. Plot unravels when Circuit City clerk becomes suspicious of the DVDs the men had created and report it to authorities who place an informant in the group.
* 2007 June 3: John F. Kennedy International Airport terror plot Four men indicted in plot to blow up jet-fuel supply tanks at JFK Airport and a 40-mile connecting pipeline. One suspect is a U.S. citizen and one, Abdul Kadir, is former member of parliament in Guyana. All The airport was targeted because one of the suspects saw arms shipments and missiles being shipped to Israel from that locale. In a recorded conversation one of the suspects allegedly told an informant that "Anytime you hit Kennedy, it is the most hurtful thing to the United States. To hit John F. Kennedy, wow.... They love JFK -- he's like the man". Plot unraveled when a person from law enforcement was recruited [ [http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/06/02/jfk.terror.plot/index.html CNN 4 charged with terror plot at JFK airport] ] , [ [http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/ny-nyterr035240989jun03,0,5385601.story?coll=ny-nynews-print JFK TERROR PLOT: three under arrest Newsday June 3, 2007] ] , [ [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/06/03/cbsnews_investigates/main2879630.shtml CBS News JFK Terror Suspects Face Extradition] ]
* 2008 March 26: Michael S. Gorbey who was detained in January 2008 for carrying a loaded shotgun two blocks from the Capitol Building has been charged planning to set off a bomb after a device containing can of gunpowder duct-taped to a box of shotgun shells and a bottle containing buckshot or BB pellets was found in the pickup truck he was driving. The pickup truck was moved to a government parking lot where for a three week period the device inside it went unnoticed. [ [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/25/AR2008032501494.html Capitol Police Missed Device Washington Post March 26, 2008] ] Michael Gorbey gets 22 years prison, but he insisted that police planted weapons [ [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/15/AR2008081502078.html Man Found With Gun, Bomb Near Capitol Gets 22 Years. Washington Post, August 16, 2008] ] .

ee also

* Allegations of state terrorism committed by the United States
* Domestic terrorism in the United States
* [http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?sid=29 Southern Poverty Law Center List of U.S. Ecoterror incidents 1984-2002]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=uVywJ6vSMzgC&pg=PA277&lpg=PA277&dq=%22bomb+at+worlds+fair%22&source=web&ots=o-dZF8T_xK&sig=I1fVq3z6zt7HWhnwNEoKcHoPAVc&hl=en#PPA281,M1 Bomb Squad: A year inside the nations exclusive Police Unit by Richard Esposito and Ted Gerstein]

References