Nelson M. Holderman

Nelson Miles Holderman
Nelson M. Holderman
Nickname	"Neb"
Born	November 10, 1885(1885-11-10) Trumbull, Nebraska
Died	September 3, 1953(1953-09-03) (aged 67) San Bruno, California
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1916 - 1923
Rank	Colonel
Unit	Company K, 307th Infantry Regiment, 77th Infantry Division California National Guard
Battles/wars	Mexican Expedition World War I
Awards	Medal of Honor Silver Star Purple Heart Croix de Guerre

Nelson Miles Holderman (November 10, 1885 – September 3, 1953) was an officer in the United States Army most notable for commanding a company of the Lost Battalion during World War I for which he received the Medal of Honor. He was considered by many to be one of the most decorated American soldiers of the war.^[1][2]

Biography

Nelson Miles Holderman was born in Trumbull, Nebraska in 1885 and named Nebuchadnezzar. Upon reaching his 18th birthday he requested permission from his parents to legally change his name to Nelson Miles after a military officer that his father had served under who had been a Civil War hero and Medal of Honor recipient.^[2] He was the second oldest son in a family which included three older sisters and two brothers. In 1893, his family moved to Tustin, California where his parents bought 30 acres (120,000 m²) of land to grow oranges, walnuts and apricots.^[2]

Early military career

(l-r) Nelson Holderman Nelson M. Holderman, Lieutenants A. K. Ford and Chas D. Swanne in 1917

In 1916, Holderman enlisted as a private in the Santa Ana unit of the California National Guard. From June to October of that year, he participated in patrols on the United States–Mexico border during the time of Pancho Villa's raids.^[2] Holderman quickly rose through the ranks and by the time the United States entered World War I, he had become captain in charge of Company L of his Santa Ana unit.

World War I

Company L was assigned as replacements of Company K, 307th Infantry Regiment, 77th Division of the American Expeditionary Force. Even though Holderman was a replacement officer for Company K, he was very well respected by the soldiers under his command due in part to his previous experience prior to the war.^[3] As an officer he was regarded as a "soldier's soldier" who never turned down a patrol and saw his military service as "an adventure".^[4][5] His unit was part of the Meuse-Argonne Campaign. On October 3, 1918 a major offensive began whose purpose was to break the German line in the Argonne forest. Of all the units who took part in the initial assault, elements of two battalions under the command of Major Charles White Whittlesey were able to break through. However, as the only units to have reached their objectives they had gone too far into German territory and were subsequently cut off.^[6] Initial attempts were made to reach Whittlesey and his men but all the units were met with heavy resistance and had to pull back. Only Holderman's Company K, composed of 97 men, had managed to reach Whittlesey's units which, incorrectly became known as "The Lost Battalion" even though there were two such units of that size.^[6] With not enough men able to close the distance between Whittlesey and the American lines, Holderman and his company subsequently became part of the Lost Battalion. Holderman was tasked to command the right flank. Though severely wounded early in the five day siege, Holderman continued to lead his men until finally being relieved.

After World War I

Holderman's gravestone, front and back, at Golden Gate National Cemetery

After the war, Holderman rejoined the National Guard and continued to serve for many years eventually retiring with the rank of Colonel. He was appointed as the commandant of the Veterans Home of California Yountville in Yountville, California taking caring of veterans.^[2] He served from 1923 until his retirement in 1953 during which time he greatly expanded the home. After his death, the Veterans Home was renamed to the Nelson M. Holderman in his honor. Though he was regarded as a national hero, he never used his status for personal gain.^[7]

Medal of Honor citation

Rank at time of receipt: Captain, U.S. Army. Unit: 307th Infantry Regiment, 77th Division. Place and date: Northeast of Binarville, in the forest of Argonne, France, 2-October 8, 1918. Entered service at: Santa Ana, California. Medal credited to: California. Authority: War Department General Order 11, 1921.

Citation:

Captain Holderman commanded a company of a battalion which was cut off and surrounded by the enemy. He was wounded on 4, 5, and 7 October, but throughout the entire period, suffering great pain and subjected to fire of every character, he continued personally to lead and encourage the officers and men under his command with unflinching courage and with distinguished success. On 6 October, in a wounded condition, he rushed through enemy machinegun and shell fire and carried 2 wounded men to a place of safety.

Awards and recognitions

Among Holderman's decorations and medals were the following:

•   Medal of Honor
•   Silver Star
•   Purple Heart with 2 oak leaf clusters
•   Mexican Service Medal with Citation Star (replaced with Silver Star in 1932)
•   World War I Victory Medal
•   Knight of the Légion d'honneur (France)
•   Croix de Guerre 1914-1918 (France)
•   Officer of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
•   Knight of the Order of Leopold II (Belgium)
•   Croce di guerra 1915-1918 (Italy)

Namesakes

The Captain Nelson M. Holderman U.S. Army Reserve Center in West Los Angeles, California is named in his honor, as is the main building on the grounds, Holderman Hall.

See also

	Biography portal
	United States Army portal
	World War I portal

• Charles White Whittlesey - Medal of Honor recipient. Commander of the Lost Battalion
• George G. McMurtry - Medal of Honor recipient. Officer in the Lost Battalion
• List of Medal of Honor recipients
• List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War I

References

• Laplander, Robert (2006). Finding the Lost Battalion: Beyond the Rumors, Myths And Legends of America. New York.  ISBN 1411676564
• Johnson, Thomas (2000). The Lost Battalion. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.  ISBN 0803276133

Notes

1. ^ "Californians and the Military - Colonel Nelson Miles Holderman". Nathaniel T. Robertson. http://militarymuseum.org/HoldermanCMH.html. Retrieved 2008-02-20. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Remembering Capt. Holderman of the Lost Battalion". Juanita Lovret. http://www.ocregister.com/ocregister/news/local/tustin/article_1705221.php. Retrieved 2008-02-20. 
3. ^ Laplander, op. cit. p 210
4. ^ Laplander, op. cit. p 210
5. ^ Johnson, op. cit. p 50
6. ^ ^{a b} "Wings of Valor: The Lost Battalion in the Argonne Forest". C. Douglass Turner. http://www.homeofheroes.com/wings/part1/3_lostbattalion.html. Retrieved 2008-02-20. 
7. ^ "Veterans' Home of California, Yountville, California". California Department of Veterans Affairs, Sacramento. http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/vets.html. Retrieved 2008-02-20. 

Persondata
Name	Holderman, Nelson M.
Alternative names
Short description	United States Army Medal of Honor recipient
Date of birth	November 10, 1885
Place of birth	Trumbull, Nebraska
Date of death	September 3, 1953
Place of death	San Bruno, California