Charles A. Stafford

Charles Arthur Stafford Went by Arthur
Born	8 Dec 1908 Kemmerer Lincoln, Wyoming
Died	3 March 1942(1942-03-03) Broome, Australia
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army
Rank	Captain
Battles/wars	World War II Battle of Java
Awards	Silver Star Purple Heart

Charles Arthur Stafford (died March 3, 1942) was a Captain and physician in the Medical Corps of the United States Army during World War II. Stafford was posthumously awarded the Silver Star for his actions in the Battle of Java.

Early life

Arthur was born 8 Dec 1908 in Kemmerer, Lincoln, Wyoming, the son of Dr. Charles Duncan Stafford (1871–1938) and Mary Eliabeth (Mabel) Sellon (1886–1972) The oldest of three children having two sisters: Mary Marguerite and Jacqueline Maurice (Penny). Arthur attended Kemmerer High School and Kemper Military College before enrolling in Rush Medical College in Chicago, Ill. On 14 Aug 1940 Arthur married Kathryn Louise Froscher (1910–2000). They had one child, Mildred Ann born about 1941. After Arthur's death Kathryn remarried John Hall.

Biography

Stafford entered the Army in Wyoming, but was listed as being from Hinsdale, Illinois.^[1][2]

Stafford was the flight surgeon of the 9th squadron of the 7th Bombardment Wing, stationed at Djokjakarta in early February 1942, when 22 sailors from U.S. Navy cruisers Houston and Marblehead wounded in the Battle of Makassar Strait arrived.^[3][4] Stafford and local Dutch doctors worked late in the night to treat the sailors, most of whom had suffered severe burns.^[4] When the Japanese invaded Java on February 28, 1942, Stafford was instrumental in getting the sailors evacuated on the freighter Abbekerk.^[5]

A USAAF B-24 Liberator is seen on fire at Broome following the Japanese attack on March 3, 1942. Stafford's B-24 was downed in the same attack.

In early March 1942 the Allied forces were evacuating civilians and wounded from Java through Broome, Western Australia, and on to Perth. Fearing a Japanese air attack, airplanes carrying evacuees were ordered to take off from Broome by 10:March 00 3, 1942. At almost exactly that time, B-24 Liberator Arabian Nights (#40-2370) of the 19th Bombardment Group (Heavy), carrying Stafford and 33 wounded,^[6] took off from Broome for Perth. As the plane climbed through 300 to 400 feet (91 to 120 m), a flight of six Japanese A6M Zero fighter planes attacked Broome.^[7] Imperial Japanese Navy Warrant Officer Osamu Kudo was credited with shooting down Arabian Nights, which crashed 7 miles (11 km) offshore.^[7] Despite his efforts to save the wounded men, Stafford and all but two enlisted men — one of whom died after the arduous swim back to land — were killed in the crash and sinking of the aircraft.^[7][8][9]

Stafford’s remains were unrecoverable, but he was later memorialized on the Tablets of the Missing at the Manila American Cemetery and Memorial in the Philippines.^[3]

Honors and awards

For his "devotion to duty and coolness under fire” in caring for the wounded sailors from Houston and Marblehead, Stafford was posthumously awarded the Silver Star on July 18, 1942.^[2][10] Stafford was also awarded the Purple Heart.^[1]

Namesake

In 1944, the U.S. Army hospital ship Charles A. Stafford was named in his honor.^[11]

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} American Battle Monuments Commission
2. ^ ^{a b} "Award granted Hinsdale doctor killed in battle". Chicago Daily Tribune: p. 2. July 18, 1942. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Dorr, p. 250.
4. ^ ^{a b} Taggart, pp. 93–98
5. ^ Dorr, p. 98.
6. ^ It's not clear from sources if Stafford — who was awarded a Purple Heart — was included in the 33 wounded being evacuated or merely caring for those who were wounded.
7. ^ ^{a b c} Dunn
8. ^ Craven & Cate, p. 399
9. ^ Livingstone, p. 19.
10. ^ "16 win decorations for feats in Pacific". The New York Times: p. 19. July 19, 1942. 
11. ^ Charles, p. 332.

References

• American Battle Monuments Commission. "Charles A. Stafford" (no direct link; must enter name in search box). http://www.abmc.gov/search/wwii.php. Retrieved February 14, 2008. 
• Charles, Roland W. (April 1947). Troopships of World War II. Washington, D.C.: Army Transportation Association. OCLC 1871625. 
• Craven, Wesley Frank and James Lea Cate, eds. (1983) [1947]. "Loss of the Netherlands East Indies". Army Air Forces in World War II, Vol. I: Plans & Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942. Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 9780912799032. OCLC 9828710. http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/I/AAF-I-10.html. 
• Dorr, Robert F. (1996). 7th Bombardment Group/Wing, 1918-1995. Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Pub. Co. ISBN 9781563112782. OCLC 37623875. 
• Dunn, Peter (October 15, 2006). "Crash Of A Japanese Fighter Aircraft…". AUSTRALIA @ WAR. http://www.ozatwar.com/wa12.htm. Retrieved February 14, 2008. 
• Livingstone, Bob (1998). Under the Southern Cross: The B-24 Liberator in the South Pacific (Limited edition ed.). Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Pub. ISBN 9781563114328. OCLC 44838653. 
• Taggart, William C.; Christopher Cross (1943). My Fighting Congregation. New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co. OCLC 1422232. 

Persondata
Name	Charles A. Stafford
Alternative names	Charles Arthur Stafford
Short description	United States Army physician awarded the Silver Star; namesake for USAHS Charles A. Stafford
Date of birth	1908
Place of birth	Kemmerer Lincoln, Wyoming
Date of death	March 3, 1942
Place of death	Broome, Western Australia, Australia