DLX2

Distal-less homeobox 2
PDB rendering based on 2djn.
Available structures PDB 2djn
Identifiers
Symbols	DLX2; TES-1; TES1
External IDs	OMIM: 126255 MGI: 94902 HomoloGene: 3244 GeneCards: DLX2 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • chromatin binding • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity • single-stranded RNA binding • sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component • nucleus Biological process • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription, DNA-dependent • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • multicellular organismal development • brain development • proximal/distal pattern formation • hippocampus development • olfactory bulb development • forebrain neuron differentiation • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment • cell differentiation • odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis • embryonic skeletal system development • negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation • branching morphogenesis of a nerve • cartilage development Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1746	13392
Ensembl	ENSG00000115844	ENSMUSG00000023391
UniProt	Q07687	Q52KJ2
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_004405	NM_010054.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_004396	NP_034184.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 172.96 – 172.97 Mb	Chr 2: 71.38 – 71.38 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Homeobox protein DLX-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLX2 gene.^[1][2]

Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a homeobox that is related to that of Distal-less (Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6. The DLX proteins are postulated to play a role in forebrain and craniofacial development. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of chromosome 2.^[2]

Interactions

DLX2 has been shown to interact with DLX5,^[3] MSX1^[3] and Msh homeobox 2.^[3]

References

1. ^ Ozcelik T, Porteus MH, Rubenstein JL, Francke U (Sep 1992). "DLX2 (TES1), a homeobox gene of the Distal-less family, assigned to conserved regions on human and mouse chromosomes 2". Genomics 13 (4): 1157–61. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90031-M. PMID 1354641. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "Entrez Gene: DLX2 distal-less homeobox 2". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1746. 
3. ^ ^{a b c} Zhang, H; Hu G, Wang H, Sciavolino P, Iler N, Shen M M, Abate-Shen C (May. 1997). "Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 17 (5): 2920–32. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 232144. PMID 9111364. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=232144. 

Further reading

• Harris SE, Guo D, Harris MA, et al. (2003). "Transcriptional regulation of BMP-2 activated genes in osteoblasts using gene expression microarray analysis: role of Dlx2 and Dlx5 transcription factors". Front. Biosci. 8: s1249–65. doi:10.2741/1170. PMID 12957859. 
• Qiu M, Bulfone A, Martinez S, et al. (1995). "Null mutation of Dlx-2 results in abnormal morphogenesis of proximal first and second branchial arch derivatives and abnormal differentiation in the forebrain". Genes Dev. 9 (20): 2523–38. doi:10.1101/gad.9.20.2523. PMID 7590232. 
• Selski DJ, Thomas NE, Coleman PD, Rogers KE (1993). "The human brain homeogene, DLX-2: cDNA sequence and alignment with the murine homologue". Gene 132 (2): 301–3. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90212-L. PMID 7901126. 
• Simeone A, Acampora D, Pannese M, et al. (1994). "Cloning and characterization of two members of the vertebrate Dlx gene family". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (6): 2250–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.6.2250. PMC 43348. PMID 7907794. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=43348. 
• McGuinness T, Porteus MH, Smiga S, et al. (1996). "Sequence, organization, and transcription of the Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 locus". Genomics 35 (3): 473–85. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0387. PMID 8812481. 
• Zhang H, Hu G, Wang H, et al. (1997). "Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (5): 2920–32. PMC 232144. PMID 9111364. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=232144. 
• Yu G, Zerucha T, Ekker M, Rubenstein JL (2002). "Evidence that GRIP, a PDZ-domain protein which is expressed in the embryonic forebrain, co-activates transcription with DLX homeodomain proteins". Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 130 (2): 217–30. doi:10.1016/S0165-3806(01)00239-5. PMID 11675124. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928. 
• Espinoza HM, Ganga M, Vadlamudi U, et al. (2005). "Protein kinase C phosphorylation modulates N- and C-terminal regulatory activities of the PITX2 homeodomain protein". Biochemistry 44 (10): 3942–54. doi:10.1021/bi048362x. PMID 15751970.