Interleukin-21 receptor

Interleukin 21 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. IL21R is its human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL21R interleukin 21 receptor| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=50615| accessdate = ]

PBB_Summary
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summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine receptor for interleukin 21 (IL21). It belongs to the type I cytokine receptors, and has been shown to form a heterodimeric receptor complex with the common gamma-chain, a receptor subunit also shared by the receptors for interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 5 (IL5). This receptor transduces the growth promoting signal of IL21, and is important for the proliferation and differentiation of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. The ligand binding of this receptor leads to the activation of multiple downstream signaling molecules, including JAK1, JAK3, STAT1, and STAT3. Knockout studies of a similar gene in mouse suggest a role for this gene in regulating immunoglobulin production. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL21R interleukin 21 receptor| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=50615| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD, "et al." |title=Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence. |journal=Nature |volume=377 |issue= 6547 Suppl |pages= 3–174 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7566098 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Ozaki K, Kikly K, Michalovich D, "et al." |title=Cloning of a type I cytokine receptor most related to the IL-2 receptor beta chain. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=97 |issue= 21 |pages= 11439–44 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11016959 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.200360997
*cite journal | author=Parrish-Novak J, Dillon SR, Nelson A, "et al." |title=Interleukin 21 and its receptor are involved in NK cell expansion and regulation of lymphocyte function. |journal=Nature |volume=408 |issue= 6808 |pages= 57–63 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11081504 |doi= 10.1038/35040504
*cite journal | author=Asao H, Okuyama C, Kumaki S, "et al." |title=Cutting edge: the common gamma-chain is an indispensable subunit of the IL-21 receptor complex. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=167 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–5 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11418623 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, "et al." |title=The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2265–70 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12975309 |doi= 10.1101/gr.1293003
*cite journal | author=Jüngel A, Distler JH, Kurowska-Stolarska M, "et al." |title=Expression of interleukin-21 receptor, but not interleukin-21, in synovial fibroblasts and synovial macrophages of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=50 |issue= 5 |pages= 1468–76 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15146416 |doi= 10.1002/art.20218
*cite journal | author=Zhang Z, Henzel WJ |title=Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2819–24 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15340161 |doi= 10.1110/ps.04682504
*cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, "et al." |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504
*cite journal | author=Distler JH, Jüngel A, Kowal-Bielecka O, "et al." |title=Expression of interleukin-21 receptor in epidermis from patients with systemic sclerosis. |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=52 |issue= 3 |pages= 856–64 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15751077 |doi= 10.1002/art.20883
*cite journal | author=Wu Z, Kim HP, Xue HH, "et al." |title=Interleukin-21 receptor gene induction in human T cells is mediated by T-cell receptor-induced Sp1 activity. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=25 |issue= 22 |pages= 9741–52 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16260592 |doi= 10.1128/MCB.25.22.9741-9752.2005
*cite journal | author=de Totero D, Meazza R, Zupo S, "et al." |title=Interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) is up-regulated by CD40 triggering and mediates proapoptotic signals in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. |journal=Blood |volume=107 |issue= 9 |pages= 3708–15 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16391014 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2005-09-3535
*cite journal | author=Pène J, Guglielmi L, Gauchat JF, "et al." |title=IFN-gamma-mediated inhibition of human IgE synthesis by IL-21 is associated with a polymorphism in the IL-21R gene. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=177 |issue= 8 |pages= 5006–13 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17015683 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Li J, Shen W, Kong K, Liu Z |title=Interleukin-21 induces T-cell activation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in rheumatoid arthritis. |journal=Scand. J. Immunol. |volume=64 |issue= 5 |pages= 515–22 |year= 2006 |pmid= 17032244 |doi= 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01795.x
*cite journal | author=Asano K, Ikegami H, Fujisawa T, "et al." |title=Molecular scanning of interleukin-21 gene and genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. |journal=Hum. Immunol. |volume=68 |issue= 5 |pages= 384–91 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17462506 |doi= 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.01.009
*cite journal | author=Akamatsu N, Yamada Y, Hasegawa H, "et al." |title=High IL-21 receptor expression and apoptosis induction by IL-21 in follicular lymphoma. |journal=Cancer Lett. |volume=256 |issue= 2 |pages= 196–206 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17624663 |doi= 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.06.001

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