Negroamaro

Negroamaro
Grape (Vitis)
Species	Vitis vinifera
Also called	Nero Amaro, Abruzzese (more)
Origin	Italy
Notable regions	Puglia

Negroamaro, also Negro amaro, is a red wine grape variety native to southern Italy. It is grown almost exclusively in Puglia and particularly in Salento, the peninsula which can be visualised as the “heel” of Italy. The grape can produce wines very deep in color. Wines made from Negroamaro tend to be very rustic in character, combining perfume with an earthy bitterness. The grape produces some of the best red wines of Puglia, particularly when blended with the highly scented Malvasia Nera, as in the case of Salice Salentino.

History

Although amaro is the Italian for ‘bitter’, the name is thought to derive from two words meaning ‘black’: the Latin language ‘negro’ and the ancient Greek ‘maru’.^[1]

'Maru' shares a root with "merum", a wine brought to Puglia by Illyrian colonists before the Greeks arrived in the 7th century BC. Horace and other Roman writers mention "mera tarantina" from Taranto, and Pliny the Elder describes Manduria as 'viticulosa' (full of vineyards). But after the fall of the Roman Empire winemaking declined until it was only kept alive in the monasteries - Benedictine on Murgia and Greek Orthodox in Salento. Negroamaro could be the grape used in merum, or it could have been brought by traders from the home of winemaking in Asia Minor at any point in the last 8000 years.

Negroamaro precoce has recently been identified as a distinct clone.

RAPD analysis suggests that it is loosely related to Verdicchio (Verdeca) and Sangiovese.^[2]

Distribution and wines

The grapes are used exclusively for wine-making. Although 100% varietal wines are produced, Negroamaro is more commonly used as the dominant component of a blend including such varieties as Malvasia Nera, Sangiovese or Montepulciano. These wines are red, or sometimes rosato, and are usually still; though both red and rosato versions may be frizzante.

List of permitted DOC wines

Source^[3] 85%–100% Negroamaro:

• in the province of Lecce
  • Leverano Nergroamaro Rosato
  • Leverano Nergroamaro Rosso
• in the province of Taranto
  • Lizzano Negroamaro Rosato
  • Lizzano Negroamaro Rosso
  • Lizzano Negroamaro Rosso Superiore

85%–100% Negroamaro:

• in the province of Lecce
  • Alezio Riserva
  • Alezio Rosato
  • Alezio Rosso
  • Nardo' Rosato
  • Nardo' Rosso
  • Nardo' Rosso Riserva
• in the provinces of Brindisi and Lecce
  • Salice Salentino
  • Salice Salentino Rosato
  • Salice Salentino Rosso
  • Salice Salentino Rosso Riserva

70%–100% Negroamaro:

• in the province of Brindisi
  • Brindisi Rosato
  • Brindisi Rosso
  • Brindisi Rosso Riserva
• in the province of Lecce
  • Copertino Rosato
  • Copertino Rosso
  • Copertino Rosso Riserva
  • Matino Rosato
  • Matino Rosso
• in the provinces of Brindisi and Lecce
  • Squinzano Rosato
  • Squinzano Rosso
  • Squinzano Rosso Riserva

65%–100% Negroamaro:

• in the province of Lecce
  • Galatina Rosso

60%–80% Negroamaro:

• in the province of Taranto
  • Lizzano
  • Lizzano Rosato
  • Lizzano Rosato Frizzante
  • Lizzano Rosato Giovane
  • Lizzano Rosato Spumante
  • Lizzano Rosso
  • Lizzano Rosso Frizzante
  • Lizzano Rosso Giovane

50%–100% Negroamaro:

• in the province of Lecce
  • Leverano Novello
  • Leverano Rosato
  • Leverano Rosso
  • Leverano Rosso Riserva

15%–30% Negroamaro:

• in the province of Foggia
  • Rosso di Cerignola
  • Rosso di Cerignola Riserva

List of permitted IGT wines

Source^[4] 85%–100% Negroamaro:

• Puglia Negroamaro
• Puglia Negroamaro frizzante
• Puglia Negroamaro novello
• Valle d’Itria Negroamaro
• Valle d’Itria Negroamaro frizzante
• Valle d’Itria Negroamaro novello
• Salento Negroamaro
• Salento Negroamaro frizzante
• Salento Negroamaro novello
• Daunia Negroamaro
• Daunia Negroamaro frizzante

70%–100% Negroamaro:

• Salento Rosato Negroamaro
• Salento Rosato Negroamaro frizzante

70%–80% Negroamaro:

• Tarantino Negroamaro
• Tarantino Negroamaro frizzante

Vine and viticulture

The vine is vigorous and high-yielding with a preference for calcareous and limey soils but adapting readily to others. It is well suited to Puglia’s hot summers and exhibits good drought-resistance. The grapes, carried in bunches of around 300–350 g, are oval in form, medium-large in size with thick skins, and black-violet in colour. They ripen mid-season (late September–early October). The first American producer of Negroamaro is Chiarito Vineyards in Ukiah, California (Mendocino County).

Synonyms

Abbruzzese, Abruzzese, Albese, Amaro Nero, Amaronero, Arbese, Arbise, Jonico, Lacrima, Lacrimo, Mangia Verde, Mangiaverde, Mangiaverme, Morese, Negra Della Lorena, Negramaro, Nero Amaro, Nero Leccese, Nicra Amaro, Niuri Maru, Niuru Maru, San Lorenzo, San Marzuno, Uva cane.^[5]

See also

• Primitivo, a similar grape from the region better known as Zinfandel (This comment needs further research as the best of wine people disagree as to whether Zinfandel is really Primitivo)

References

1. ^ There are still enclaves of Salento where Greek is spoken.
2. ^ Fanizza et al. (1999) The effect of the number of RAPD markers on the evaluation of genotypic distances in Vitis vinifera Euphytica 107: 45–50
3. ^ DOC wines made from the Negroamaro grape (Italian) from the website of the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
4. ^ IGT wines made from the Negroamaro grape (Italian) from the website of the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
5. ^ Maul, Erika; Töpfer, Reinhard; Eibach, Rudolf (2007). "Vitis International Variety Catalogue". Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (IRZ), Siebeldingen, Germany. http://www.vivc.de. Retrieved 2007-08-29. 

Further reading

• Robinson, Jancis (1992). Vines, Grapes and Wines: The Wine Drinker's Guide to Grape Varieties. Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 978-1857329995. 
• Robinson, Jancis (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine, third edition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198609902. 

External links

• VIVC Bibliography