Maulana Fazlullah

Maulana Fazlullah
Maulana Fazlullah also known as Radio Mullah is the militant commander in Swat Valley
Fazlullah's madrasa at Imam Dherai, Swat. Pakistani security forces bombed and destroyed the compound in early June 2009.[1]

Maulana Fazlullah,[2] (born 1979[3]) nicknamed the "Radio Mullah" or "Mullah Radio", is the leader of Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM), a banned Pakistani Islamic fundamentalist militant group allied to the Pakistani Taliban, that aims to enforce Sharia in the country. He is sometimes referred to as "chief" of the Swat Taliban[4][5] and is the son-in-law of the TNSM's founder, Sufi Muhammad.

Contents

Background

TNSM activities

After the TNSM was banned by President Pervez Musharraf on January 12, 2002,[6] and Sufi Muhammad, the founder of the TNSM, was imprisoned, Fazlullah, his son-in-law, assumed leadership of the shattered group.[6][7] Fazlullah managed to restore the organization, bootstrapping on the relief efforts by Islamist extremist groups following the October 8, 2005-earthquake.[6] New cadres then began moving into the Swat Valley.

In the aftermath of the 2007 siege of Lal Masjid, Fazlullah's forces and Baitullah Mehsud's Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) formed an alliance. Fazlullah and his army henceforth reportedly received orders from Mehsud.[8] A temporary cease-fire from May to September 2007 allowed Fazlullah to consolidate his political forces in Swat.[3][9]

With the support of more than 4,500 armed militants, by late October 2007 Fazlullah had established a "parallel government" in 59 villages in Swat Valley by starting Islamic courts to enforce sharia law.[10][11]

On 29 November 2007, Pakistani security forces captured Fazlullah's headquarters and arrested his brother. Fazlullah himself had already fled to another village. Security Forces have now retaken most of the Swat region. On January 26, 2008, it is believed Maulvi Abdul Raziq, a close aide of Fazlullah, was arrested in the Kot area of Charbagh.[12]

In an address to the nation on January 2, 2008, Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf said that he believed Maulana Fazlullah and Baitullah Mehsud were prime suspects in the assassination of Bhutto. However the Pakistan government had put the onus on Baitullah Mehsud.

Although Sufi Muhammed was freed in 2008,[13] he did not seek to usurp Fazlullah's leadership in the TNSM.[14] He did, however, assist in the negotiation of a cease fire between TNSM forces and the Pakistani army in February 2009. As part of the cease fire Pakistan agreed to allow Sharia law in Malakand District.[15][16]

American news channel MSNBC obtained the only known alleged picture[17] of Maulana Fazlullah. On 10 July 2009, according the BBC, Fazlullah was near death after being critically wounded, corroborating statements made by senior government and security officials in Pakistan.[5] This was a day after the army announced it had wounded the Taliban chief in the Swat valley.[18] The Taliban have denied that Fazlullah was critically injured.[19] The Pakistan army, however, refuted this claim and insisted that a man impersonated Fazlullah when he allegedly denied that he was critically injured.[20] According to reports, Fazlullah remains stranded in Imam Dehri, without access to desperately needed medical care. He has a 5 million rupees (62,250 dollars) reward.[21]

As of November 2009, Mullah Fazlullah has escaped from Pakistan to Afghanistan. He has warned the Pakistani army that he will continue to attack Pak forces in Swat.[22]

In October 2011 Maj Gen Athar Abbas complained to Reuters that Pakistan had urged Afghanistan and the US to take action against Fazlullah in response to cross-border raids in Dir, Bajaur and Mohmand from April 2011 to August 2011 but that no efforts had been made. Abbas elaborated, "Fazlullah and his group are trying to re-enter Swat through Dir."[4]

Reported Death

Intelligence sources reported to news media that Mullah Fazlullah was killed, along with six others, in a clash with Afghan security forces near the Pakistan border in Barg Matal district of Afghanistan’s Nuristan province on 26 May 2010. No official confirmation had been made, and Faqir Mohammed had denied that the death had occurred.[23]

Strict interpretation of Sharia

Radio broadcasts

Maulana Fazlullah started an illegal local FM channel in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's Swat Valley in 2006.[24] He preaches forcing vice and virtue and has an anti-Western Jihadi stance. He is considered pro-Taliban and a very powerful figure in the area. Though he considers most communication based electronics as "major sources of sin" he transmits broadcasts of his sermons on an illegal local FM radio channel, hence the nickname "Radio Mullah" or "Maulana Radio".

FM signals are relayed from mobile transmitters mounted on motorcycles and trucks. During nightly broadcasts, prohibited activities are routinely declared and violators' names announced for assassination, which often includes beheading.[25]

Introduction of Sharia courts

With Swat under Fazlullah's control he and his followers quickly moved to setup the Sharia Courts as primary judicial courts instead of when he was running them parallel to the Pakistani National Judicial Courts.[26]

Eradication of sins and the attacks on music shops

He leads a drive of eradicating vices such as music, dancing, of what he calls "major sources of sin" such as TVs, CDs, computers and other video equipments by burning the electronics or the shops in which they are housed.[27] Fazlullah has threatened barbers who shaved their customers' beards and warned against girls attending schools.[17]

Anti-polio vaccination stance

He opposed a polio vaccination drive in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa claiming it was a conspiracy of the Jews and Christians to keep Muslims impotent, according to a listener. In some sermons he had also considered it against Islamic norms. He considered Hepatitis C as a more important health issue than Polio and questioned the West's intentions. The propaganda had hindered the drive immensely as the local people saw volunteers and workers for the World Health Organization vaccination program as a threat and in some cases the immunization teams were physically beaten.[28]

Opposition to women voting

In 2001 many seats reserved for women in northern Pakistan went unfilled due in large part to the actions of the TNSM.[29] In 2005, Fazlullah was quoted as saying: We have our tradition that bars women from taking part in the elections and violators will be punished.[29]

Opposition to female education

A January 21, 2009 issue of the Pakistan daily newspaper The News, reports Taliban enforcement of a complete ban on female education in the Swat district. Some 400 private schools enrolling 40,000 girls have been shut down. At least 10 girls' schools that tried to open after the January 15, 2009 deadline by the Fazlullah-led Taliban were blown up by the militants in the town of Mingora, the headquarters of the Swat district.[30][not in citation given] "More than 170 schools have been bombed or torched, along with other government-owned buildings."[31][not in citation given]

Notes

  1. ^ http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-security-forces-blow-up-mullah-fazlullah-hq-qs-07 Security forces blow up Fazlullah’s HQ: officials
  2. ^ King, Laura (2009-02-24). "Confusion hangs over Pakistan's pact with Taliban". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-pakistan-swat24-2009feb24,0,4127783.story. Retrieved 2009-02-24. 
  3. ^ a b Roggio, Bill (7 July 2007) "Swat joins Talibanistan" The Long War Journal Public Multimedia Inc.
  4. ^ a b "Mullah Radio: Pakistan urges Afghan action against Maulvi Fazlullah". The Express Tribune (The Express Tribune News Network). 2011-10-17. http://tribune.com.pk/story/275813/pakistan-urges-afghan-action-against-taliban-leader/. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
  5. ^ a b Swat Taliban chief 'near death'
  6. ^ a b c "Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi, Extremist Group of Pakistan". SATP. http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/terroristoutfits/TNSM.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-19. 
  7. ^ Hassan Abbas (12 April 2006). "The Black-Turbaned Brigade: The Rise of TNSM in Pakistan". Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930192222/http://jamestown.org/news_details.php?news_id=209. Retrieved 2007-04-19. 
  8. ^ Rehmat, Kamran (2009-01-27). "Swat: Pakistan's lost paradise". Islamabad: Al Jazeera. http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/2009/01/200912512351598892.html. Retrieved 2009-02-03. 
  9. ^ Hameedullah Khan (2007-09-22). "Swat cleric ‘ends’ peace deal". Dawn (newspaper). Archived from the original on 2009-04-17. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2F2007%2F09%2F22%2Ftop9.htm&date=2009-04-17. 
  10. ^ Qayum, Khalid; Khaleeq Ahmed (2007-10-25). "Pakistan Deploys Troops in Swat to Curb Militants (Update 1)". Bloomberg News. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601102&sid=akTcKrCtbmWE&refer=uk. Retrieved 2009-02-25. 
  11. ^ Masood, Salman (2009-02-25). "Maulana Fazlullah". New York Times. Archived from the original on 2009-04-17. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftopics.nytimes.com%2Ftop%2Freference%2Ftimestopics%2Fpeople%2Ff%2Fmaulana_fazlullah%2Findex.html%3Finline%3Dnyt-per&date=2009-04-17. Retrieved 2010-05-12. 
  12. ^ "Fazlullah’s aide, other militants held in Swat". Dawn. 2008-01-26. Archived from the original on 2009-04-17. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2F2008%2F01%2F26%2Ftop8.htm&date=2009-04-17. Retrieved 2009-01-19. 
  13. ^ "Top Pakistani militant released". BBC News. 2008-04-21. Archived from the original on 2009-04-17. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F7359523.stm&date=2009-04-17. 
  14. ^ Toosi, Nahal (2009-02-15). "Taliban to cease fire in Pakistan's Swat Valley". Yahoo News. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090215/ap_on_re_as/as_pakistan. Retrieved 2009-02-15. [dead link]
  15. ^ Ali, Zulfiqar; Laura King (2009-02-17). "Pakistan officials allow Sharia in volatile region". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-pakistan-pact17-2009feb17,0,6631935.story. Retrieved 2009-02-17. 
  16. ^ "Pakistan agrees Sharia law deal". BBC News. 2009-02-16. Archived from the original on 2009-04-14. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F7891955.stm&date=2009-04-17. 
  17. ^ a b Grisanti, Carol (2008-01-09). "Pakistani terrorist revealed in new photo". NBC News. http://worldblog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/01/09/565301.aspx. Retrieved 2009-01-19. 
  18. ^ Swat valley refugees allowed home
  19. ^ http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/provinces/12-taliban+reject+claim+about+fazlullah--bi-10
  20. ^ http://www.thenews.com.pk/print1.asp?id=187399
  21. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Re-KYKKp7c
  22. ^ http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2009/11/mullah_fazullah_in_afghanistan.php
  23. ^ "Pak Taliban chief Maulana Fazlullah killed?". Hindustan Times. 2010-05-27. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Pakistan-Taliban-chief-Maulana-Fazlullah-killed/Article1-549248.aspx. Retrieved 2010-0-27. 
  24. ^ Buneri, Shaheen (2009-01-26). "Pakistan Falters Against Taliban in Swat Valley". World Politics Review. http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/Article.aspx?id=3207. Retrieved 2009-02-02. 
  25. ^ Richard A. Oppel Jr. Pir Zubair Shah, Ismail Khan (2009-01-25). "Radio spreads Taliban's terror in Pakistani region". International Herald-Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/01/25/asia/25swat.php?page=1. Retrieved 2009-01-26. 
  26. ^ Athar, Saleem (2007-10-13). "Mohmand Taliban behead 6 ‘criminals’". Daily Times. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C10%5C13%5Cstory_13-10-2007_pg1_3. Retrieved 2009-01-19. 
  27. ^ Khan, Marvaiz (2007-03-10). "Music centres threatened by religious extremists". Freemuse. http://www.freemuse.org/sw17890.asp. Retrieved 2009-01-19. 
  28. ^ Yusufzai, Ashfaq (2007-01-25). "Impotence fears hit polio drive". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6299325.stm. Retrieved 2009-01-19. 
  29. ^ a b Hussain, Zahid (29 Juky 2005) "Frontier women to defy Islamists' men-only ballot" The Times
  30. ^ The News, Pakistan, January 21, 2009.
  31. ^ Saeed Shah (2009-01-20). "Five more schools destroyed in Taliban campaign". London: The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2009-04-17. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fjan%2F20%2Fpakistan-taliban&date=2009-04-17. 

See also

External links


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