Pygmy Mammoth

Pygmy Mammoth
Pygmy Mammoth
Temporal range: Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene
Conservation status
Prehistoric
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Proboscidea
Family: Elephantidae
Genus: Mammuthus
Species: M. exilis
Binomial name
Mammuthus exilis
Maglio, 1970

The Pygmy Mammoth or Channel Islands Mammoth (Mammuthus exilis) is an extinct species of dwarf elephant descended from the Columbian mammoth (M. columbi). A case of island or insular dwarfism, M. exilis was only 4.5 ft (1.4 m) to 7 ft (2.1 m) tall at the shoulder and weighed about 2,000 lb (910 kg), in contrast to its 14 ft (4.3 m) tall, 20,000 lb (9,100 kg) ancestor.[1]

Remains of M. exilis have been discovered on three of the northern Channel Islands of California since 1856: Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and San Miguel, which together with Anacapa were the highest portions of the now mostly submerged superisland of Santa Rosae. The late Pleistocene elephant may have lived on the islands until the arrival of the Chumash people during the early Holocene, between 10,800 and 11,300 years ago. Radiocarbon dating indicates M. exilis existed on the island for at least 47,000 years prior (which is the approximate limit of the dating method).[2]

Modern elephants are excellent swimmers, and the ancestors of M. exilis most likely swam the 4 mi (6.4 km) to Santa Rosae. As the population of mammoths increased, the lack of large predators and the loss of habitat caused by the rise of sea levels at the end of the ice age as Santa Rosae split into four islands favored smaller animals.[1]

M. exilis should not be confused with the mammoths of Wrangel Island or Saint Paul Island, which were small races of the woolly mammoth (M. primigenius) and which died out around 1700 B.C. and 4000 B.C., respectively.

See also

Abyssal Brachiopod 00148.jpg Paleontology portal

References

  1. ^ a b Unknown (2006-09-01). "The Pygmy Mammoth" (HTML). Channel Islands National Park. U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/chis/historyculture/pygmymammoth.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-14. 
  2. ^ Agenbroad, L. D. (2001-10-19). "Channel Islands (USA) pygmy mammoths (Mammuthus exilis) compared and contrasted with M. columbi, their continental ancestral stock" (PDF). La terra delgli Elefanti: Atti del 1st Congresso Internazionale (The World of Elephants: Proceedings of the 1st International Congress). Roma: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. pp. 473–475. ISBN 88-8080-025-6. http://www.cq.rm.cnr.it/elephants2001/pdf/473_475.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-14. 


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