List of extinct animals of North America

This is an incomplete list of extinct animals of North America. This list covers only extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geological period that extends from the present day back to about 10,000 radiocarbon years, approximately 11,430 ± 130 calendar years BP (between 9560 and 9300 BC).

Mammals

Prehistoric extinctions (begin Holocene to 1500 AD)
* American Lion "Panthera leo atrox", Western USA, 8000 BC.
* Ancient Bison "Bison antiquus", USA, 8000 BC.
* Beringian cave lion "Panthera leo vereshchagini", Alaska.
* "Cuvieronius", Florida and Arizona, 400 AD
* Dire Wolf "Canis dirus", USA, 8000 BC.
* Giant Beaver "Castoroides ohioensis", Great Lakes region, 8000 BC.
* Giant hutia "Elasmodontomys obliquus", Puerto Rico, 1000 BC.
* Giant Short-Faced Bear "Arctodus simus", USA, 10500 BC.
* "Glyptodon" USA, 8000 BC.
* Helmeted Musk Ox Alaska, 9000 BC
* Pygmy Mammoth "Mammuthus exilis", Channel Islands.
* "Smilodon fatalis" USA, 8000 BC.
* Woolly Mammoth "Mammuthus primigenius", Northern USA, 2000 BC.
* Western Camel USA, 8000 BC.
* Yukon Wild Ass "Equus asinus lambei", Alaska, 11000 BC.
* Antillean Cave Rat
* Insular Cave Rat
* Corozal Rat
* Columbian Mammoth "Mammuthus columb", USA, 5800 BC.
* American cheetah USA
* "Bison occidentalis" USA

Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)
* Puerto Rican Shrew "Nesophontes edithae"
* Puerto Rican Long-nosed Bat
* Puerto Rican Long-tongued Bat
* Guam Flying Fox "Pteropus tokudae"
* Lesser Puerto Rican Ground Sloth,
* Sherman's Pocket Gopher
* Goff's Pocket Gopher "Geomys pinetis goffi"
* Tacoma Pocket Gopher "Thomomys mazama tacomensis"
* Chadwick Beach Cottonmouth Mouse,
* Giant Deer Mouse
* Pallid Beach Mouse "Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus"
* Gull Island Vole "Microtus pennsylvanicus nesophilus"
* Louisiana Vole
* Puerto Rican Hutia
* Puerto Rican Paca
* Lesser Puerto Rican Agouti
* Greater Puerto Rican Agouti
* Sea Mink "Mustela macrodon"
* Caribbean Monk Seal
* Steller's Sea Cow
* Badlands Bighorn Sheep
* Columbia Basin Pygmy Rabbit
* Arizona Wapiti
* Oregon Bison
* Eastern Woodland Bison
* Colorado Hog-nosed Skunk
* Big Thicket Hog-nosed Skunk
* Smith Island Cottontail
* Allen's Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel
* Banks Island Wolf "Canis lupus bernardi", 1920
* Cascade Mountains Wolf "Canis lupus fuscus", 1940
* Antillean Giant Rice Rat
* Eastern Elk
* Arizona Jaguar "Panthera onca arizonensis"

Birds

Prehistoric extinctions (begin Holocene to 1500 AD)
* Law's Diving-goose, California, 1800 BC.
* Merriam's Teratorn, Southern USA, 8000 BC.
* Moa-nalo, Hawaii.
* O'ahu Petrel, Hawaii.
* Nēnē-nui, Hawaii.
* Pleistocenen Black Vulture, Western USA.
* Saint Croix Macaw, St. Croix, Virgin Islands.
* Giant Amakihi, Big Island, Hawaii
* Puerto Rican Obscure Bunting , Puerto Rico
* Stout-legged Finch, Kaua'i, Hawaii
* Kauaʻi Finch, Kaua'i and O'ahu, Hawaii
* Maui Nui Finch, Maui and Moloka'i, Hawaii
* Maui Finch, Maui, Hawaii
* Pila's Palila, Kaua'i, Hawaii - possibly survived until early 18th century
* Scissor-billed Koa-finch, Rhodacanthis forfex-prehistoric Kaua'i, and Maui, Hawaii
* Primitive Koa-finch, O'ahu and Maui, Hawaii
* Oʻahu Grosbeak, O'ahu and Maui, Hawaii
* Antillean Cave Rail

Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)
* Labrador Duck,
* Heath Hen,
* Spectacled Cormorant,
* Atitlán Grebe
* Laysan Crake,
* Hawaiian Crake,
* Wake Island Rail,
* Bermuda Night Heron,
* Virgin Islands Screech-Owl,
* Mauge's Parakeet,
* Carolina Parakeet, "Conuropsis carolinensis"
* Passenger Pigeon, "Ectopistes migratorius"
* Guadalupe Caracara
* Bahaman Barn Owl
* Brace's Emerald
* Gould's Emerald
* Laysan Millerbird,
* Great Auk,
* Guam Flycatcher,
* Kama'O,
* ʻĀmaui,
* Grand Cayman Thrush, "Turdus ravidus"
* Dusky Seaside Sparrow,
* Kona Grosbeak,
* Greater Koa-Finch,
* Lesser Koa-Finch,
* Oahu 'Akialoa,
* Maui Nui 'Akialoa,
* Kauai 'Akialoa,
* Hawaiʻi ʻAkialoa,
* Kioea,
* Ula-'ai-hawane,
* Black Mamo,
* Hawai'i Mamo,
* Lana'i Hookbill,
* Oahu Nukupu'u,
* Greater 'Amakihi,
* Laysan Honeycreeper,
* Oahu 'Akepa,
* Molokai Creeper,
* Lana'i Creeper,
* ʻUla-ʻai-Hawane,
* Kaua'i Palila,
* O‘ahu ‘Ō‘ō,
* Moloka‘i ‘Ō‘ō,
* Kaua'i 'Ō'ō,
* Hawai'i 'Ō'ō,
* Guadeloupe Burrowing Owl, "Speotyto cunicularia guadeloupensis"
* Guadeloupe Parakeet, "Aratinga labati" (18th Century)
* Guadeloupe Parrot, "Amazona violacea" (1779)
* Lesser Antillean Macaw, "Ara guadeloupensis" (1760)
* Cuban Red Macaw
* Martinique House Wren, "Troglodytes aedon martinicensis"
* Martinique Parrot, "Amazona martinicana" (1779)
* Slender-billed Grackle, "Quiscalus palustris"

Probably Extinct
* Jamaica Petrel,
* Guadalupe Storm-petrel,
* Bachman's Warbler,
* Eskimo Curlew,
* Ivory-billed Woodpecker,
* Imperial Woodpecker,
* Oloma'O,
* ʻŌʻū,
* Nukupu‘u,
* Oʻahu ʻAlauahio,
* Poʻo-uli
* Semper's Warbler

Reptiles

Prehistoric extinctions (Holocene to 1500AD)
* Mona Tortoise,

Modern extinctions (1500 AD to present)
* Navassa Curly-tailed Lizard,
* Navassa Iguana,
* Navassa Island Dwarf Boa,
* Sulcate Blind Snake,
* Saint Croix Racer,
* Martinique Giant Ameiva, "Ameiva major"
* Martinique Lizard, "Leiocephalus herminieri" (1830s)
* "Ameiva cineracea" (early 20th Century, Guadeloupe)

Possibly Extinct
* Culebra Island Giant Anole,

Amphibians

* Vegas Valley Leopard Frog,
* Catahoula Salamander,
* Golden Toad, Costa Rica

Possibly Extinct
* Golden Coqui,
* Mottled Coquí
* Web-footed Coquí,

Fish

* Longjaw Cisco,
* Deepwater Cisco,
* Lake Ontario Kiyi,
* Blackfin Cisco,
* Yellowfin Cutthroat Trout,
* Alvord Cutthroat Trout,
* Silver Trout,
* Maravillas Red Shiner,
* Independence Valley Tui Chub,
* Thicktail Chub,
* Pahranagat Spinedace,
* Phantom Shiner,
* Las Vegas Dace,
* Grass Valley Speckled Dace,
* Clear Lake Splittail,
* Snake River Sucker,
* Harelip Sucker,
* Tecopa Pupfish,
* Shoshone Pupfish,
* Raycraft Ranch Killifish,
* Pahrump Ranch Killifish,
* Ash Meadows Killifish,
* Amistad Gambusia,
* San Marcos Gambusia,
* Blue Walleye,
* Maryland darter,
* Utah Lake Sculpin

Possibly Extinct

* Shortnose Cisco

Crustaceans

* Illinois Cave Amphipod,
* Pasadena Freshwater Shrimp

Insects

* Pecatonica River Mayfly,
* Robert's Stonefly,
* Fort Ross Weevil,
* Mono Lake Diving Beetle,
* Xerces Blue,
* Palos Verdes Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis)
* Poko Noctuid Moth,
* Midway Noctuid Moth,
* Kerr's Noctuid Moth,
* Laysan Noctuid Moth,
* Noctuid Moth,
* Procellaris Noctuid Noth,
* Chestnut Ermine Moth,
* American Chestnut Moth,
* Phleophaga Chestnut Moth,
* Central Valley Grasshopper,
* Rocky Mountain Locust,
* Antioch Dunes Shieldback Katydid,
* Kona Giant Looper Moth,

Arachnids

*Caribbean Monk Seal Nasal Mite,
*Nevada Water Mite,
*Passenger Pigeon Mite,

Mollusks

* Coosa elktoe,
* Carolina elktoe,
* Ochlockonee arcmussel,
* Recovery pearly mussel,
* Arc-form pearly mussel,
* Acorn pearly mussel,
* Lewis pearly mussel,
* Nearby pearly mussel,
* Sampson's pearly mussel,
* Steward's pearly mussel,
* Turgid-blossom pearly mussel,
* Shoal sprite,
* Cahaba pebblesnail,
* Umbilicate pebblesnail,
* Mount Matafao different snail,
* Short-spired elimia,
* Closed elimia,
* Fusiform elimia,
* High-spired elimia,
* Constricted elimia,
* Hearty elimia,
* Ribbed elimia,
* Rough-lined elimia,
* Pupa elimia,
* Pygmy elimia,
* Cobble elimia,
* Puzzle elimia,
* Excised slitshell,
* Striate slitshell,
* Pagoda slitshell,
* Ribbed slitshell,
* Pyramid slitshell,
* Round slitshell,
* Lined pocketbook,
* Eelgrass limpet,

References

* IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Downloaded on 10 February 2007.

See also

* List of extinct animals
* List of extinct animals of Canada
* List of extinct animals of Asia
* List of extinct animals of Africa
* List of extinct animals of Europe
* List of extinct animals of South America
* Extinct birds
* Dwarf elephant

External links

* [http://www.fws.gov U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]
* [http://www.iucnredlist.org The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]