Voltage-gated proton channel

Voltage-gated proton channel

Voltage-gated proton channels are ion channels that have the unique property of opening with depolarization, but in a strongly pH-sensitive manner [Citation
last1=Cherny
first1=V.V.
last2=Markin
first2=V.S.
last3=DeCoursey
first3=T.E.
publication-date=1995-06
title=The voltage-activated hydrogen ion conductance in rat alveolar epithelial cells is determined by the pH gradient
periodical=Journal of General Physiology
volume=105
issue=6
pages=861-896
url=http://www.jgp.org/cgi/reprint/105/6/861.pdf
issn=0022-1295
accessdate=2008-07-14] . The result is that these channels open only when the electrochemical gradient is outward, such that their opening will only allow protons to leave cells. Their function thus appears to be acid extrusion from cells [Citation
last=DeCoursey
first=T.E.
publication-date=2003
title=Voltage-gated proton channels and other proton transfer pathways
periodical=Physiological Reviews
volume=83
issue=2
pages=475-579
url=http://physrev.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/83/2/475
issn=0031-9333
doi=10.1152/physrev.00028.2002
oclc=205658168
accessdate=2008-07-14] .

Another important function occurs in phagocytes (e.g. eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages) during the respiratory burst. When bacteria or other microbes are engulfed by phagocytes, the enzyme NADPH oxidase assembles in the membrane and begins to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that help kill bacteria [Citation
last=Babior
first=B.M.
author-link=Bernard Babior
publication-date=
date=1999-03-01
title=NADPH Oxidase: An Update.
periodical=Blood
volume=93
issue=5
pages=1464-1476
url=http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/reprint/93/5/1464.pdf
issn=1528-0020
accessdate=2008-07-14] . NADPH oxidase is electrogenic [Citation
last1=Henderson
first1=L.M.
last2=Chappell
first2=J.B.
last3=Jones
first3=O.T.G.
publication-date=1987-09-01
title=The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of human neutrophils is electrogenic and associated with an H+ channel
periodical=The Biochemical Journal
volume=246
issue=2
pages=325-329
url=http://www.biochemj.org/bj/246/0325/2460325.pdf
issn=0264-6021
oclc=116254550
accessdate=2008-07-14] , moving electrons across the membrane, and proton channels open to allow proton flux to balance the electron movement electrically [Citation
last1=Murphy
first1=R.
last2=DeCoursey
first2=T.E.
publication-date=2006-08-08
title=Charge compensation during the phagocyte respiratory burst
periodical=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
series=Bioenergetics
volume =1757
issue=8
pages=996-1011
url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.01.005
issn=0005-2728
doi=10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.01.005
accessdate=2008-07-14] .

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