Oghur languages

Not to be confused with Uyghur language.

Not to be confused with Oghuz languages.

Oghur
Geographic distribution:	Chuvashia
Linguistic classification:	Turkic Oghur
Subdivisions:	Chuvash Khazar Hunnic (Disputed) Turkic Avar

The Oghur or Bulgar (also spelled Ogur, Oghur, Oguric; Bulghar, Bolgar, and variants; also known as Lir-Turkic), are a separate branch of the Turkic language family. It was historically spoken in Volga Bulgaria. Its only extant member is the Chuvash language.

It was thus presumably the language spoken in the historical Onogurs tribal confederation, including the Bulgars, the Khazars and the Eurasian Avars, but it is uncertain whether Chuvash is directly descended from any of these, or a separate branch within this dialect group (Johanson 1998).

The Oghur group is characterized by the sound correspondences Oghuric l vs. Common Turkic (i.e. non-Oghur-Turkic) š and Oghuric r vs. Common Turkic z, for which reason it is also known as "Lir-Turkic", or "r-Turkic". The name oghur itself is an example of the r/z isogloss, being cognate with oghuz in Common Turkic. "dj-Turkic" is also used for Oghur, in reference to a sound change from i- to dj-.

References

• Brook, Kevin Alan. 2004. "Tales about Jewish Khazars in the Byzantine Empire Resolve an Old Debate". Los Muestros No. 54, pp. 27–29.[1]
• Brook, Kevin Alan. 2006. The Jews of Khazaria. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2nd ed. (1999. Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1st ed.[2]
• Clark, Larry. 1998. "Chuvash." In: Johanson & Csató, pp. 434–452.
• Clausen, Gerard. 1972. An etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Décsy, Gyula. 1998. The Turkic protolanguage: A computa- tional reconstruction. Bloomington, IN: Eurolingua.
• Dunlop, Douglas M. 1954. The History of the Jewish Khazars. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
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• Golb, Norman & Omeljan Pritsak. 1982. Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press.
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• Johanson, Lars. 1998. "The history of Turkic." In: Johanson & Csató, pp. 81–125.[3]
• Johanson, Lars. 1998. "Turkic languages." In: Encyclopaedia Britannica. CD 98. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, 5 sept. 2007.[4]
• Johanson, Lars. 2000. "Linguistic convergence in the Volga area." In: Gilbers, Dicky & Nerbonne, John & Jos Schaeken (ed.). Languages in contact. Amsterdam & Atlanta: Rodopi. (Studies in Slavic and General linguistics 28.), pp. 165–178.[5]
• Johanson, Lars. 2007. Chuvash. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Elsevier.
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• Paasonen, Heikki. 1949. Gebräuche und Volksdichtung der Tschuwassen. Gesammelt von Heikki Paasonen. Herausgegeben von Eino Karahka und Martti Räsänen. Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura (Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia, vol. 94).
• Pohl, Walter. 1988. Die Awaren: Ein Steppenvolk in Mitteleuropa 567 – 822 n. Chr. Munich: Verlag C. H. Beck.
• Pritsak, Omeljan. 1982. "The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan." Havard Ukrainian Studies, vol. 6, pp. 428–476.
• Rashev, Rasho. 1992. "On the origin of the Proto-Bulgarians." In: Studia protobulgarica et mediaevalia europensia. In honour of Prof. V. Beshevliev. Veliko Tarnovo, pp. 23–33.[7]
• Róna-Tas, András. 1996. "The migration and landtaking of the Magyars." The Hungarian Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 144, p. 37–41.
• Róna-Tas, András. 1998. "The reconstruction of Proto-Turkic and the genetic question." In: Johanson & Csató, pp. 67–80.
• Samoilovich, A. N. 1922. Some additions to the classification of the Turkic languages. Petrograd.[8]
• Schönig, Claus. 1997–1998. "A new attempt to classify the Turkic languages I-III." Turkic Languages 1:1.117–133, 1:2.262–277, 2:1.130–151.
• Vajda, Edward J. 2000. Review of Décsy (1998). Language 76.473-474.

External links

• http://multitree.linguistlist.org/codes/bolg