Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport

Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport Aéroport international de Beyrouth - Rafic Hariri مطار بيروت رفيق الحريري الدولي Matar Bayrūt Rafiq al-Hariri ad-Dowaly
IATA: BEY – ICAO: OLBA BEY Location of airport in Lebanon
Summary
Airport type		Public
Owner/Operator		Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)
Serves		Beirut, Lebanon
Hub for		Middle East Airlines (MEA)
Elevation AMSL		27 m / 87 ft
Coordinates		33°49′16″N 035°29′18″E / 33.82111°N 35.48833°E / 33.82111; 35.48833
Website		www.beirutairport.gov.lb
Runways
Direction	Length		Surface
	m	ft
03/21	3,800	12,467	Concrete
16/34	3,395	11,138	Concrete
17/35	3,250	10,663	Asphalt
Statistics (2010)
Aircraft Movements			81,040
Total Passengers			5,552,746[citation needed]

Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport (formerly Beirut International Airport) (IATA: BEY, ICAO: OLBA) (Arabic: ‎ مطار بيروت , French: Aéroport international de Beyrouth - Rafic Hariri) is located 9 km (5.6 mi) from the city centre in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon and is the only operational commercial airport in the country. It is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines (more commonly known as MEA). It is also the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier Trans Mediterranean Airways (more commonly known as TMA Cargo), as well as the charter carriers Med Airways and Wings of Lebanon.

It is the main port of entry into the country along with the Port of Beirut. The airport was selected by "Skytrax Magazine" as the second best airport and aviation hub in the Middle East; it came behind Dubai International Airport.

The airport is managed and operated by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) which operates within the Ministry of Public Works and Transport. The DGCA is also responsible for operating the air traffic control (ATC) at the airport as well as controlling Lebanon's airspace.

Maintenance and general upkeep duties ranging from cleaning the terminal to de-rubberising the runways are the responsibility of Middle East Airports Services (MEAS) which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the national carrier, Middle East Airlines.

There are plans to eventually replace the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) with an independent autonomous government owned agency called the Lebanese Civil Aviation Authority (LCAA) which would assume the responsibilities of regulation and safety oversight while a new government-owned corporation named the Beirut International Airport Corporation (BRHIAC) would assume management and operations responsibilities of the airport.^[1]

History

Inauguration

The airport opened on 23 April 1954, replacing the much smaller Bir Hassan Airfield which was located a short distance north. At the time of its opening, the terminal was very modern and it featured an excellent spotters terrace with a cafe. The airport consisted of two asphalt runways at the time. Runway 18/36 at 3,250 metres (10,663 feet) was used primarily for landings from the 18 end while runway 03/21 at 3,180 metres (10,433 feet) was used primarily for take-offs from the 03 end.

A premier Middle East hub

The airport grew to become a premier hub in the Middle East, thanks to limited competition from neighbours, with fast and steady growth by the country's four carriers at the time, Middle East Airlines (MEA), Air Liban, Trans Mediterranean Airways (TMA), and Lebanese International Airways (LIA) plus numerous foreign carriers.

Israeli Assault

Main article: 1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon

In response to an attack on an El Al jet in Athens, on the night of 28 December 1968, Israeli commandos mounted a surprise attack on the airport and destroyed 13 civilian aircraft belonging to the Lebanese carriers, Middle East Airlines (Air Liban had merged with MEA by this time), Trans Mediterranean Airways, and Lebanese International Airways. This caused serious devastation to the Lebanese aviation industry. Middle East Airlines managed to rebound quickly, but Lebanese International Airways went bankrupt and its employees were transferred to MEA.

Lebanese Civil War

Beirut Airport in 1982

The airport lost its status and the glamour it once had with the start of the 15-year long Lebanese Civil War in April 1975 in which it lost virtually all of its airline services with the exception of the two Lebanese carriers, Middle East Airlines and Trans Mediterranean Airways, which continued operating with the exception of certain periods of interruption when the airport was completely closed. Despite the conflict, the terminal was renovated in 1977, only to be badly damaged 5 years later by Israeli shelling during the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. The airport was the site of the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, in which 241 American servicemen were killed. The airport's runways were renovated in 1982 and 1984.

Reconstruction

By the time war finally came to an end in 1990, the airport was clearly outdated and fatigued. It was clear that if Beirut was to try to rebound itself, it needed to launch a massive reconstruction program. A 10-year reconstruction program was launched in 1994 which included the construction of a brand new terminal, two new runways, a new fire station building, a new powerplant, a new general aviation terminal, a new underground parking garage, and the rehabilitation of many structures such as the radar building.

Inside the airport

In 1998, the first phase of the new terminal was completed. It was located immediately adjacent to the east of the old terminal and consists of gates 1-12. After it was inaugurated, the old terminal was demolished and construction on the western half began and was completed in 2000, however it was not inaugurated until 2002. This consists of gates 13-23. The new terminal can handle 6 million passengers annually and is expected to be expanded to handle 16 million passengers by 2035.

It was decided early on that the original runways were no longer sufficient, especially if Beirut was to see large aircraft like the upcoming Airbus A380. A new landing runway, 17/35 was constructed protruding at an angle out into the sea, with a length of 3,395 metres (11,138 feet). This seaward protrusion was built in order to move landing traffic away from the city in a bid to improve safety and reduce aircraft noise. A new take-off runway was constructed parallel to the old 03/21 at a length of 3,800 metres (12,467 feet) making it the longest runway in the airport. The old 03/21 was converted to a taxiway for accessing the new runway 03/21. Unlike the old runways, the two new runways were constructed from concrete and feature more advanced lighting systems and instrument landing systems. Runway 18/36 is still open, although it is used very rarely.

In 2004, runway 17/35 was re-designated 16/34 and runway 18/36 was re-designated 17/35 after more accurate runway heading measurements were conducted.

On 17 June 2005, the General Aviation Terminal was finally opened. It is located on the northwestern corner of the airport and is one of the most advanced general aviation terminals in the Middle East featuring state of the art facilities. All fixed base operators and VIP charter providers have moved their operations to this state-of-the art terminal.

More damage during the 2006 war

Main article: 2006 Lebanon War

On 13 July 2006 at approximately 6:00 a.m. local time, all 3 runways of the airport sustained significant damage from missile strikes directed at it by the Israeli Air Force as part of the 2006 Lebanon War. The Israeli Air Force claimed at the time that Hezbollah had received a weapons shipment there.^[2] The runways were rendered inoperative and the Lebanese Government declared that the airport was closed until further notice.^[3]

Shortly thereafter, MEA used one of the long taxiways at the airport to evacuate five of its aircraft (four Airbus A321 and one Airbus A330).

Limited activity at the airport

The airport reopened to commercial flights on August 17, 2006 with the arrival of a Middle East Airlines (MEA) flight around 1:10 p.m. local time (10:10 a.m. GMT) from Amman, followed by a Royal Jordanian flight also from Amman. This marked the first commercial flight arrival at Beirut International Airport since the airport's closure almost 5 weeks before. All runways and taxiways at the airport have been successfully repaired and the airport is operating as it was before the hostilities.

Israel ends air blockade

On Thursday, 7 September 2006, Israel ended its air blockade of Lebanon. The first plane to land at the airport after the end of the blockade was a Middle East Airlines flight at 6:06 p.m. local time (3:06 p.m. GMT). Soon after that, a Kuwait Airways flight landed at the airport. Over the next couple of days, more airlines resumed flights to the airport, including Emirates, Etihad, Jazeera Airways, Air Arabia, Air France, British Airways (BMED), Cyprus Airways, Egypt Air, Air Algérie, Royal Air Maroc, Jet Airways and Gulf Air.

US air traffic ban lifted

On June 6, 2007, U.S. President Bush lifted a ban on air traffic to Lebanon imposed since the 1985 hijacking of TWA Flight 847. A press release issued by the White House said Bush was determined that the “prohibition of transportation services to Lebanon … is hereby further amended to permit U.S. air carriers under contract to the United States Government to engage in foreign air transportation to and from Lebanon of passengers, including U.S. and non-U.S. citizens.”

On December 17, 2009, President Michel Sleiman announced that US based airlines are considering a partnership agreement with Middle East Airlines (MEA) as a first step to resuming direct flights between Lebanon and the United States and eventually Canada. Brazil's Varig started services from São Paulo and suspended operations in 2006. Before Varig's suspension, it was the only airline of Latin and South America to fly to Beirut.

Plans

The ambitious 10-year reconstruction program of the airport is mostly complete and Beirut now has a world-class facility which is ranked among the top airports in the Middle East.

Near-term plans include the rehabilitation of the old runway 17/35, the rehabilitation and construction of new taxiways, the construction of 12 small hangars for the newly inaugurated General Aviation Terminal, and the construction of a cargo village to attract more cargo carriers.

In July 2010, in an interview with Lebanon’s director general of Civil Aviation, Dr Hamdi Chaouk, it was confirmed that Beirut is to increase its capacity from six million passengers a year to 18 million with the construction of a new terminal and 23 new gates – taking the total to 46. Construction would begin on January 2011.

Dr Chaouk said that up to seven of these gates would be designed to take the Airbus A380. He mentioned that talks have been occurring with Emirates and Qatar on the possibility of using Beirut as a hub for flights to London.

Passenger Terminal

3 MEA A321s parked at the west wing.

The modern terminal consists of 23 gates, 21 of which have jetways, and two of which are dual jetway gates for large aircraft.

The terminal consists of two wings, the East and West Wing, joined together by the Main Terminal, forming a U-shaped building, with each wing being parallel to the other, and the Main Terminal connecting the wings. The Main Terminal includes the bulk of the duty free, some other shops, a restaurant, and the lounges (see below for more details). The East Wing, which opened in 1998, has gates 1-12 and the West Wing, which opened in 2002, has gates 13-23. Gates 2 and 3 are dual jetway gates for large aircraft. Gates 4 and 22 are bus boarding gates, however these are rarely used. When an aircraft is parked on a stand it is usually towed into a jetway position closer to departure. There is Wi-Fi throughout the airport; however, the Wi-Fi is not free of charge, and a card with a password must be purchased.

The Main Terminal consists of 4 levels. They are:

• The Ground Level, which features the arrival area, and also contains a duty free section for arriving passengers next to baggage claim. The duty free shops are accessible to arriving passengers after they clear passport control, but before they clear customs (this duty free, like all the others, is not open to the general public). Car rental agencies are located on this level as well, available for arriving passengers after they clear customs. This level also has cafes open to the general public (i.e., people who are waiting for the arriving passengers).

• The 2nd Level, featuring the departure level, ticketing, and gates area. It also includes the primary duty free shopping area, as well as some other shops, including a Virgin Megastore. Like the Ground Level, there are some cafes open to the general public; these are located in the main entrance foyer, before passengers begin the boarding process, which includes security, ticketing, and passport control. There are 2 security entrances on opposite sides of the foyer, which lead to 1 ticketing area; only passengers with a valid ticket and passport may pass through security. Duty free shopping is not open to the general public, and passengers can only access the duty free area once they have cleared passport control.

• The 3rd Level, which houses all of the private airline lounges, as well as a Japanese restaurant. The restaurant is only available to passengers once they clear passport control.

• The 4th Level, which mainly houses the airport administration offices. Closed to the public.

Each Wing of the airport is accessible from the Main Terminal on opposite sides of the Main Terminal, via its own entrance. Each has only 1 level, and is considered part of the 2nd Level. Both entrances have a security check-point before entering (this is in addition to the 2 security entrances featured just past the main entrance foyer). The 2 Wings are not connected to each other, and are only available to each other via the Main Terminal. Each Wing contains the following:

• 2 cafes, both offering self-service items (drinks, sandwiches, pastries, and chocolates). One of the cafes is much larger than the other, and features televisions displaying international news channels.

• A small duty free shop.

• A magazine/newspaper newsstand, offering publications in Arabic, English, and French.

• A store selling Lebanese touristic merchandise and souvenirs.

• Computer kiosks with internet connection, payable by cash or credit.

• Pay phones.

Airlines and destinations

Airlines	Destinations
Aeroflot	Moscow-Sheremetyevo
Air Algérie	Algiers
Air Arabia	Sharjah
Air Arabia Egypt	Alexandria-Borg el Arab
Air France	Marseille, Paris-Charles de Gaulle
Air Méditerranée	Paris-Orly
Alitalia	Rome-Fiumicino
Armavia	Yerevan
Bahrain Air	Bahrain, Kuwait
Belavia	Minsk
bmi	Khartoum, London-Heathrow
Bulgaria Air	Seasonal: Sofia
Bulgarian Air Charter	Seasonal: Varna
Cyprus Airways	Larnaca
Czech Airlines	Prague
EgyptAir	Cairo
EgyptAir Express	Alexandria-El Nouzha
Emirates	Dubai
Etihad Airways	Abu Dhabi
Ethiopian Airlines	Addis Ababa
Flydubai	Dubai
Germania	Berlin-Tegel, Düsseldorf
Gulf Air	Bahrain
Iran Air	Mashhad, Tehran-Imam Khomeini
Iraqi Airways	Baghdad, Basra, Najaf[4]
Jazeera Airways	Kuwait
Kuwait Airways	Kuwait
Lufthansa	Berlin-Brandenburg [begins 3 June], Frankfurt
Malév Hungarian Airlines	Budapest
Med Airways	Arbil, Baghdad, Khartoum, Sulaymaniyah
Middle East Airlines	Abidjan, Abu Dhabi, Accra, Amman-Queen Alia, Arbil, Athens, Baghdad, Brussels, Cairo, Dammam, Doha, Dubai, Frankfurt, Geneva, Istanbul-Atatürk, Jeddah, Kano, Kinshasa, Kuwait, Lagos, Larnaca, London-Heathrow, Milan-Malpensa, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Riyadh, Rome-Fiumicino Seasonal: Copenhagen, Düsseldorf, Madinah, Nice
Nas Air	Jeddah, Riyadh
Oman Air	Dubai, Muscat
Qatar Airways	Doha
Pegasus Airlines	İstanbul-Sabiha Gökçen
Royal Air Maroc	Casablanca
Royal Jordanian	Amman-Queen Alia
Saudi Arabian Airlines	Dammam, Jeddah, Riyadh Seasonal: Madinah
Swiss International Air Lines operated by Edelweiss Air	Zurich [5]
Syrian Air	Brussels, Damascus
Tarom	Bucharest-Otopeni
Tunisair	Tunis
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul-Atatürk
UM Airlines	Kiev-Boryspil
Wings of Lebanon	Najaf
Yemenia	Amman-Queen Alia, Sana'a

Cargo airlines

Airlines	Destinations
Cargolux	Luxembourg
DHL Express
Midex Airlines	Al Ain, Paris-Orly
TMA Cargo [6]	Amman, Amsterdam, Bahrain, Cairo, Damascus, Doha, Dubai, Jeddah, Khartoum, Kuwait, Milan-Malpensa, Nairobi, Paris-CDG, Riyadh

Passenger services

The central foyer of 2nd Level in the Main Terminal, once passport control has been cleared, during Christmas

The airport has all of the typical airport passenger facilities including duty free shops, cafes, restaurants, banks, a post office, prayer rooms and a tourist information centre (managed by the Ministry of Tourism). Additional facilities and conveniences include:

Airline lounges

The airport has three lounges for premium passengers located on the mezzanine level above the Duty Free area in the departure area. They are:

• MEA's Cedar Lounge, the largest of the three lounges. It occupies half of the available lounge space, and was expanded and upgraded on August 1, 2005. It is open to non-MEA passengers with first or business class tickets.

• Saudi Arabian Airlines's Golden Lounge. Only Saudi Arabian Airlines passengers are allowed to use this lounge.

• LAT Lounge operated by the ground handler, Lebanese Air Transport (LAT). Open to all the other airlines' premium passengers.

Most airlines serving Beirut simply choose to use either the Cedar Lounge or the smaller LAT Lounge for their premium passengers, which is the reason why there are so few airline lounges in the airport.

Parking

The airport has a 3-level car park with a total capacity 2350 cars.

Public transport

At the moment, there is no public transportation directly to the airport. LCC Bus Route 1 takes passengers from the airport roundabout, one kilometer from the terminal, to Rue Sadat in Hamra, whereas Route 5 takes to the Charles Helou bus station. OCFTC buses number seven and ten also stop at the airport roundabout en route to central Beirut.

Taxis are plentiful at the airport. Comfortable taxis that are authorized by the airport are parked next to the terminal in the arrivals level, and have an airport logo on the side. As these taxis are regulated by the airport authorities, they are guaranteed to be honest in their rates, but they do tend to be very expensive. Regular taxis are also available and are located a little farther from the airport, but these are not guaranteed, as the price can be negotiated. It is advised that you discuss the price prior to departing in the taxi.

In the future, there are plans to offer regularly scheduled bus services from the airport to various parts of the city, and even other parts of the country. However, as of yet, nothing has been achieved with regards to this matter. Bus shelters are already constructed at the airport.

Airport services

Ground handling providers

The airport has two ground handling operators, Middle East Airlines Ground Handling (MEAG) and Lebanese Air Transport (LAT).

Middle East Airlines Ground Handling (MEAG) is a wholly owned subsidiary of the national carrier, MEA. It provides ground handling services for the national carrier, MEA, as well as most of the carriers serving the airport, including the cargo carriers. MEAG handles nearly 80% of the traffic at the airport.

Lebanese Air Transport (LAT) is a smaller ground handling operator that conducts ground handling operations for a number of carriers serving the airport. LAT specialises in handling charter flights, but do have contracts with a number of scheduled carriers such as British Airways. Once upon a time, LAT was an airline that operated its own aircraft, however this was many years ago.

Airline catering

The airport has one catering company named Lebanese Beirut Airport Catering Company (LBACC).

Fixed Base Operators (FBO)

The airport is home to four fixed base operators for private aircraft.

MEAG recently launched its own FBO services with the opening of the new General Aviation Terminal called Cedar Jet Centre. It is now regarded as the top FBO in the airport.

Another leading FBO is Aircraft Support & Services (ASAS) which specialises in fixed base operator services for private and executive aircraft. In addition, they operate two executive jets which can be chartered to various places.

JR Executive operates a fleet of small propeller aircraft that can be chartered or leased. They also have a flight school to train people how to fly. They also conduct light maintenance on light aircraft and also offer fixed based operator services.

Cirrus Middle East, a member of the German-based Cirrus Group is partnering up with Universal Weather and Aviation to create a fixed base operator and VIP charter service to be launched on October 15 of this year. The company will initially be called Universal/Cirrus Middle East, but will eventually become Universal Aviation Beirut. They aim to become one of the top FBOs in the Middle East and will cater aircraft as large as Boeing 747s.

LAT offers limited fixed base operator services for private and executive aircraft.

Executive Aircraft Services (EAS) offers aircraft charter services, ground handling services, aircraft management and aircraft acquisition and sales.

Aircraft maintenance providers

The airport is the home base of MidEast Aircraft Services Company (MASCO), an aircraft maintenance provider that specialises in all kinds of maintenance for Airbus aircraft, particularly the A320 and A330 series of aircraft. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the national carrier, MEA. MASCO has JAR 145 approval and as a result can maintain any aircraft registered in Europe.

Statistics

Passenger use and aircraft movements have increased each year since 1990 with the exception of 2006, which saw a sharp decrease in both. Total cargo has trended upwards since 1990, but also experienced a significant decrease in 2006.^[7]

Statistics for Beirut International Airport

Year	Total Passengers	Total Cargo (metric tons)	Total Aircraft Movements
1990	637,944		8,048
1991	837,144	44,064	10,822
1992	1,092,645	48,859	14,963
1993	1,343,289	45,539	16,581
1994	1,489,429	54,007	19,045
1995	1,672,657	49,742	20,478
1996	1,715,434	46,505	21,004
1997	1,715,434	46,505	21,004
1998	2,006,956	55,037	23,051
1999	2,222,344	54,300	25,010
2000	2,343,387	52,439	29,707
2001	2,444,851	62,789	30,627
2002	2,606,861	65,913	32,952
2003	2,840,400	65,674	34,468
2004	3,334,710	62,081	39,023
2005	3,892,356	68,852	44,295
2006	2,463,576	52,638	27,870
2007	3,009,749	59,387	32.674
2008	4,004,972	71,965	49,873
2009[8]	4,952,899	57,545	69,724
2010[citation needed]	5,552,746	92,098	81,040

Accidents and incidents

• On 21 November 1959, Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 202 crashed near Beirut on a flight from Beirut to Tehran, killing 24 of the 27 passengers and crew on board the Douglas DC-4.
• On 23 February 1964, Vickers Viscount SU-AKX of United Arab Airlines was damaged beyond economic repair in a heavy landing.^[9]
• On 30 September 1975 a Tupolev Tu-154 of Malév Hungarian Airlines, Malév Flight 240 crashed into the sea while approaching the airport. The cause and the circumstances remain mysterious, but it was most likely shot down.
• In September 1970, Pan Am Flight 93 was hijacked while flying to New York. The plane landed to refuel and pick up another PFLP hijacker. It was then flown to Cairo where it was blown up.
• On 17 May 1977 — Antonow An-12, SP-LZA, a cargo plane leased by LOT Polish Airlines from the Polish Air Force along with its crew, flying to Lebanon with a cargo of fresh strawberries crashed 8 kilometers from Beirut airport, all 6 crew members and 3 passengers on board were killed. The airplane crashed due to language problems, the crew repeated the order to descend given by the air traffic control and flew into a mountain.
• On 23 July 1979, a TMA Boeing 707-320C, on a test flight for 4 co-pilots due to be promoted to captains, crashed whilst on a third touch-and-go. The plane touched down but then yawed right to left to right again before the wing clipped the ground causing the plane to flip and come to rest inverted across a taxiway. All 6 crew were killed.^[10]
• On 8 January 1987, Middle East Airlines Boeing 707-323C OD-AHB was destroyed by shelling after landing.^[11]
• On 25 January 2010, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409 crashed into the Mediterranean Sea shortly after take-off. The flight had 90 passengers, about 54 of which were Lebanese, and was bound for the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa.^[12][13]

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

1. ^ Ministry of Finance Lebanon-Paris III Progress Report – Transport Sector
2. ^ Israelis Enter Lebanon After Attacks
3. ^ CNN Report: Israeli warplanes hit Beirut suburb
4. ^ http://www.iq-airways.com/AirqAirways/trips_special.php?w=45
5. ^ map showing Beirut
6. ^ TMA network
7. ^ Yearly Traffic 1990-2004.^{[dead link]} Beirut Airport website.
8. ^ Official statistics for 2009
9. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19640223-0. Retrieved 6 October 2009. 
10. ^ TMA 1979 crash
11. ^ "Criminal Occurrence description". Aviation Safety Network. http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19870108-0. Retrieved 26 January 2010. 
12. ^ "Ethiopian plane crashes off Beirut, 90 feared dead". Reuters. 25 January 2010. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE60O08T20100125. Retrieved 29 July 2010. 
13. ^ "Ethiopian Airlines plane crashes into Mediterranean sea". The Daily Telegraph (London). 25 January 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/ethiopia/7068288/Ethiopian-Airlines-plane-crashes-into-Medierranean-sea.html. Retrieved 26 April 2010. 

External links

	Lebanon portal
	Aviation portal
	World War II portal

• Beirut International Airport (Arabic) (English)
• Beirut Duty Free
• Airport information for OLBA at World Aero Data. Data current as of October 2006.
• Current weather for OLBA at NOAA/NWS
• Airport information for BEY / OLBA at Great Circle Mapper.
• Accident history for BEY / OLBA at Aviation Safety Network
• BRHIA guide