Formate dehydrogenase

Formate dehydrogenase

Formate dehydrogenases are a set of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of formate to bicarbonate, donating the electrons to a second substrate, such as NAD+ in formate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.1.2) or to a cytochrome in formate:ferricytochrome-b1 oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.2.1). [cite journal |author=Ferry JG |title=Formate dehydrogenase |journal=FEMS Microbiol. Rev. |volume=7 |issue=3-4 |pages=377–82 |year=1990 |pmid=2094290]

NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenases are important in methylotrophic yeast and bacteria and are vital in the catabolism of C1 compounds such as methanol. [cite journal |author=Popov VO, Lamzin VS |title=NAD(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenase |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=301 ( Pt 3) |issue= |pages=625–43 |year=1994 |pmid=8053888 |url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1137035&blobtype=pdf] The cytochrome-dependent enzymes are more important in anaerobic metabolism in prokaryotes. [cite journal |author=Jormakka M, Byrne B, Iwata S |title=Formate dehydrogenase--a versatile enzyme in changing environments |journal=Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=418–23 |year=2003 |pmid=12948771 |doi=10.1016/S0959-440X(03)00098-8] For example, in "E. coli", the formate:ferricytochrome-b1 oxidoreductase is an intrinsic membrane protein with two subunits and is involved in anaerobic nitrate respiration. [cite journal |author=Graham A, Boxer DH |title=The organization of formate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=195 |issue=3 |pages=627–37 |year=1981 |pmid=7032506] [cite journal |author=Ruiz-Herrera J, DeMoss JA |title=Nitrate reductase complex of Escherichia coli K-12: participation of specific formate dehydrogenase and cytochrome b1 components in nitrate reduction |journal=J. Bacteriol. |volume=99 |issue=3 |pages=720–9 |year=1969 |pmid=4905536]

NAD-dependent reaction

Formate + NAD(+) <=> CO(2) + NADH

Cytochrome-dependent reaction

Formate + 2 ferricytochrome b1 <=> CO(2) + 2 ferrocytochrome b1 + 2 H(+)

ee also

*Microbial metabolism

References

External links

* [http://us.expasy.org/enzyme/1.2.2.1 ENZYME link for EC 1.2.2.1]
* [http://us.expasy.org/enzyme/1.2.1.2 ENZYME link for EC 1.2.1.2]


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