Cahaba pebblesnail

Cahaba pebblesnail
Black and white photo of apertural view of the shell of Clappia cahabensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Rissooidea
Family:	Lithoglyphidae
Genus:	Clappia
Species:	C. cahabensis
Binomial name
Clappia cahabensis Clench, 1965[1]

The Cahaba pebblesnail, scinetific name Clappia cahabensis, is a species of very small freshwater snail, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Lithoglyphidae.^[2]

This species is named after the Cahaba River. This species is endemic to the United States.^[3]

This species was listed as extinct in the 2006 and 2010 IUCN Red List.^[3][4] It was though to be extinct because of water pollution coming from modern surface mining of coal in the USA.^[2]

Until recently the Cahaba pebblesnail was believed to be extinct, one of 34 snail species fallen victim to dams built along the Coosa River between 1917 and 1967. In 2004 however, biologists discovered the snail living less than fifty miles to the west, in Alabama's Cahaba River, which parallels the Coosa.^[5]

Bibb County, Alabama (marked red) where the species is found in the Cahaba River.

Description

Clappia cahabensis has been described by American malacologist William J. Clench in 1965.^[1] Clench's type description reads as follows:

“

Clappia cahabensis, new species. Fig. 2. Shell small, reaching 3 mm. in length, umbilicate, and smooth. Color a yellowish brown, whorls 3.5, strongly convex. Suture indented. Spire extended. Aperture subcircular, slightly flaring, holostomatous and attached to the body whorl only at its upper part. Umbilicus narrow and deep. No sculpture. Periostracum thin. Operculum paucispiral with the nucleus nearly centered. Animal white. length width 3.5 mm. 2.7 mm. Holotype 3 2.4 Paratype Types. Holotype, Museum of Comparative Zoology no. 251167, from the Cahaba River, 1 mile north of Centreville, Bibb Co., Alabama, Leslie Hubricht collector, Nov. 18, 1964. Remarks. This is the second known species in the genus Clappia. The type species, C. clappi Walker is known from the Coosa River at Duncan's Ripple, The Bar, and Higgin's Ferry, all in Chilton County; and Butting Ram Shoals in Coosa County, Alabama. The Cahaba River at Centreville is 160 river miles from the southmost Coosa locality. This species differs from C. clappi by being proportionately more attenuate, having a smaller umbilicus and a less flaring margin of the aperture. Walker stated that the animal was black in C. clappi (Nautilus 22: 90) . The soft anatomy of C. cahabensis is white.

”

Ecology

Its natural habitat is rivers.^[3] Clappia cahabensis requires rapid flowing sections of river shoals.^[2]

References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference^[1]

1. ^ ^{a b c} Clench W. J. (1965). "A new species of Clappia from Alabama". The Nautilus 79(1): 33-34. Figure 2.
2. ^ ^{a b c} Thompson F. G. (1984). "North American freshwater snail genera of the hydrobiid subfamily Lithoglyphinae". Malacologia 25(1): 109-141.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). Clappia cahabensis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 6 August 2007.
4. ^ Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). Clappia cahabensis. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 May 2011.
5. ^ Nijhuis M. (August 2009). "River Of Riches: The Cahaba". Smithsonian. accessed 24 July 2009.

External links

• Species profile of Cahaba pebblesnail (Clappia cahabensis) at U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service webpage