Omphiscola glabra

Omphiscola glabra
Omphiscola glabra
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Panpulmonata clade Hygrophila
Superfamily:	Lymnaeoidea
Family:	Lymnaeidae
Subfamily:	Lymnaeinae
Genus:	Omphiscola
Species:	O. glabra
Binomial name
Omphiscola glabra (Müller, 1774)[1]
Synonyms
Buccinum glabrum Müller, 1774 Lymnaea glabra

Omphiscola glabra is a species of small to medium-size, air-breathing, freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae.^[2]

Distribution

This European snail can be found from southern Scandinavia (61° N) to southern Spain.^[3]

• endangered in Germany. Critically endangered in Western Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Hessen). Extinct in Bavaria.^[3]
• Netherlands
• one site in the south east of Ireland was found in 2009, but it is listed as extinct at at local red list (2009).^[4]
• vulnerable in Great Britain^[3]

The distribution of Omphiscola glabra is very scattered and rare.^[3] It is seriously threatened, at many places extinct.^[3] It is threatened by continuous habitat destruction by drainage and intensive farming.^[3] Acriculturally induced eutrophication and dreinage are threats. Omphiscola glabra has disappeared widely from urbanized areas such as London.^[3]

shells of Omphiscola glabra

Shell description

The shell is strongly cylindrical, horny, often with colored with brownish or blackish cover, apex blunt, 7-8 moderately convex whorls, with last whorl being twice as high as the narrow aperture, and with aperture often with white lip.^[3]

The height of the shell is 9–12 mm,^[3] up to 15 mm^[5] or up to 20 mm.^[3] The width of the shell is 3–4 mm,^[3] up to 5.5 mm.^[5]

Habitat

This snail lives in places such as swampy meadows and ditches.^[6]

Omphiscola glabra occur in small waters rich in vegetation, swamps and standing forest waters with leaf litter, often in water with organic iron contents and low calcium contents.^{[3][clarification needed]} In Britain, they occur in small standing waters low in nutrients, with poor aquatic flora, often in waters drying out periodically.^[3] They usually do not occur in habitats with high molluscan diversity, and usually on uncultivated land.^[3] They are calciphile and have a pH tolerance of 5.4-8.8.^{[3][clarification needed]}

Reproduction begins in May.^[3] Juveniles hatch after 15–25 days.^[3] Omphiscola glabra has two generations per year.^[3]

Parasites

Omphiscola glabra can serve as intermediate host of several digenean trematodes. In France, Omphiscola glabra was naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica,^[7] Paramphistomum daubnei,^[8] and Haplometra cylindracea.^[9] Moreover, recent report suggested that the species is also susceptible to Fascioloides magna infection.^[10]

References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.^[3]

1. ^ Müller O. F. (1774). Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volumen alterum. pp. I-XXXVI [= 1-36], 1-214, [1-10]. Havniae & Lipsiae. (Heineck & Faber).
2. ^ Glöer P. (2002). Überfamilie Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque 1815. Familie Lymnaeidae Lamarck 1812. In: Glöer P. (ed.) Die Süßwassergastropoden Nord-und Mitteleuropas. Bestimmungschlüssel, Lebensweise, Verbreitung. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 73. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, pp. 200–232.
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s} "Species summary for Omphiscola glabra". AnimalBase. Last modified 24-02-2009, accessed 31 July 2010.
4. ^ Anderson R. (2009). "Value of species datasets as baselines (non-marine Mollusca)". accessed 31 July 2010.
5. ^ ^{a b} (Polish) Jackiewicz M. (2000). Blotniarky Europy (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae). Wydawnictwo Kontekst, Poznań. 115 pp.
6. ^ Rondelaud, D.; Vignoles, P.; Dreyfuss, G. (2001). "First field observations on the aestivation of Omphiscola glabra (Gastropoda, Lymnaeida) uninfected or infected with Fasciola hepatica in central France". Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim. 39: 129–133. doi:10.1051/limn/2003010. 
7. ^ Dreyfuss, G.; Vignoles, P.; Rondelaud, D. (2003). "Natural infections of Omphiscola glabra with Fasciola hepatica in central France". Parasitology Research 91: 458–461. doi:10.1007/s00436-003-0892-8. 
8. ^ Abrous, M.; Rondelaud, D.; Dreyfuss, G.; Kabaret, J. (1999). "Infection of Lymnaea truncatula and Lymnaea glabra by Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum daubneyi in farms of central France". Vet. Res. 30 (1): 113–118. PMID 10081118. 
9. ^ Goumghar, M. D.; Abrous, M.; Ferdonnet, D.; Dreyfuss, G.; Rondelaud, D. (2000). "Prevalence of Haplometra cylindracea infection in three species of Lymnaea snails in central France". Parasitol. Res. 86 (4): 337–339. doi:10.1007/s004360050054. PMID 10780746. 
10. ^ Rondelaud, D.; Novobilský, A.; Vignoles, P.; Treuil, P.; Koudela, B.; Dreyfuss, G. (2006). "First studies on the susceptibility of Omphiscola glabra (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) from central France to Fascioloides magna". Parasitol. Res. 98 (4): 299–303. doi:10.1007/s00436-005-0067-x. PMID 16362339. 

External links

• Omphiscola glabra at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.