Old Port of Marseille

Old Port of Marseille Vieux-Port de Marseille
The Old Port and the Basilica of Notre-Dame de la Garde
Location
Country	France
Location	Marseille
Details
Opened	6th century BC
Operated by	City
Owned by	State
Type of harbor	Natural
Size of harbor	200 000 square meters
Available berths	3500
Channel depth	5 meters (16 ft)

The Old Port of Marseille (French : Vieux-Port) is located at the end of the Canebière. It has been the natural harbour of Marseille since antiquity.

History

Main article: Marseille

In 600 BC, Greek settlers from Phocaea landed in the Lacydon, a rocky Mediterranean cove, now the site of the Old Port of Marseille. They set up a trading post or emporion in the hills on the northern shore. Until the nineteenth century the Old Port remained the centre of maritime activity in Marseille. In the Middle Ages the land at the far end of the port was used to cultivate hemp (or cannabis) for the local manufacture of rope for mariners, which is the origin of the name of the main thoroughfare of Marseille, the Canebière.

The great St. Victor's Abbey was gradually built between the third and ninth centuries on the hills to the south of the Old Port, on the site of an Hellenic burial ground.

Between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries, quays were constructed under Louis XII and Louis XIII and an important shipyard for galleons put in place. Following a revolt against their governor by the citizens of Marseille, Louis XIV ordered the erection of the forts of St Jean and St Nicolas at the entrance to the harbour and established an arsenal and fleet in the Old Port itself. The notorious "arsenal des galères"^[1] was situated on the left side of the Old Port between the Cours Jean-Balard and the Cours Estienne-d'Orves: those condemned to be galley slaves in the royal war fleet were branded with the letters GAL.

Map of Marseille, 1720

According to John Murray,^[2] in 1854 the Old Port had a capacity of between 1,000 and 1,200 ships. Roughly 18,000 merchant ships passed through the port each year, carrying about 20 million barrels worth of freight; this represented a quarter of the trade in Liverpool at the time. The 6 metre depth of the harbour, however, proved problematic for steamships later in the century; much deeper docks had to be constructed at La Joliette. Today the Old Port is used only as a marina and as a terminal for local boat trips.

In World War II the Old Port was left in complete ruins. According to eye-witness accounts, in January 1943, the Nazis, aided by the French police, dynamited much of the historic old town and demolished the gigantic aerial ferry or "transbordeur", an engineering tour de force that had become a major landmark of Marseille, comparable to the Eiffel tower in Paris. This became known as the "Battle of Marseille". In 1948 Fernand Pouillon was put in charge of the reconstruction of the devastated old quarter.

The Old Port in popular culture

• The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas is set in the Old Port and on the Château d'If.

• Marius, Fanny and César, by Marcel Pagnol.

• Love Actually was partly filmed in the Bar de la Marine on the Old Port.

• Many of the bars and cafés around the Old Port are mentioned in the detective novels of Jean-Claude Izzo.

Points of interest around the Old Port

• St. Victor's Abbey, on the south side of the Old Port, one of the oldest sites of Christian worship in France.
• the Phare de Sainte Marie, a lighthouse.
• the Canebière, situated at the far end of the Old Port on the Quai des Belges.
• the Hôtel de Ville (town hall).
• the historic ferry, plying between opposite sides of the Old Port.
• the Roman Dock Museum.

Old port of Marseille, at night, seen from the Pharo park

Gallery

• 

  Entrance to the Old Port, 1695

• 

  The Old Port from the Hotel de Ville, 1820

• 

  The "transbordeur" bridge

• 

  The aerial ferry on the "transbordeur"

• 

  Traditional fishing boat on the Old Port

• 

  The ports of Marseille from Parc Puget

• 

  The Old Port in 2006

• 

  Aerial view of the Old Port

References

1. ^ Historique du quartier des galères, History of the arsenal for galley slaves (French)).
2. ^ John Murray, "A handbook for travellers in France: being a guide to Normandy, Brittany, the rivers Seine, Loire, Rhône and Garonne, the French Alps, Dauphiné, Provence and the Pyrénées, their railways and roads", Num. BNF de l'éd. de, Paris : Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1995. 1 microfilm Reprod. de l'éd. de, London : J. Murray, 1854 (Murray's handbook).

Coordinates: 43°17′41″N 5°22′15″E / 43.29472°N 5.37083°E / 43.29472; 5.37083