- List of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower
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The location of the names on the tower On the Eiffel Tower, seventy-two names of French scientists, engineers and some other notable people are engraved in recognition of their contributions. This is according to the design by Gustave Eiffel.[1] The engravings are found on the sides of the tower under the first balcony. The engraving was painted over at the beginning of the twentieth century and restored in 1986–1987 by Société Nouvelle d'exploitation de la Tour Eiffel, a company contracted to operate business related to the Tower. The Tower is owned by the city of Paris. The letters were originally done in gold and are about 60 cm high. Note: since the tower was repainted in 2010/2011, the letters are gold again.
Contents
List
Location
The list is split in four parts (for each side of the tower). The sides have been named for the parts of Paris that each side faces:
- The North-East side
- The South-East side
- The South-West side
- The North West side
Names
In the table below are all the names on the four sides. By clicking on the square symbol in the column title, the list is sorted alphabetically (in that column).
Name appearing Full name Occupation Location Seguin Marc Seguin engineer NW01 Lalande Joseph Jérôme Lefrançais de Lalande astronomer NW02 Tresca Henri Tresca engineer and mechanic NW03 Poncelet Jean-Victor Poncelet Gernald geometer NW04 Bresse Jacques Antoine Charles Bresse civil engineer and hydraulic engineer NW05 Lagrange Joseph Louis Lagrange mathematician NW06 Belanger Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Joseph Bélanger mathematician and hydraulic engineer NW07 Cuvier Georges Cuvier naturalist NW08 Laplace Pierre-Simon Laplace mathematician and astronomer NW09 Dulong Pierre Louis Dulong physicist and chemist NW10 Chasles Michel Chasles geometer NW11 Lavoisier Antoine Lavoisier chemist NW12 Ampere André-Marie Ampère mathematician and physicist NW13 Chevreul Michel Eugène Chevreul chemist NW14 Flachat Eugène Flachat engineer NW15 Navier Claude-Louis Marie Henri Navier mathematician NW16 Legendre Adrien-Marie Legendre geometer NW17 Chaptal Jean-Antoine Chaptal agronomist and chemist NW18 Jamin Jules Célestin Jamin physicist SW01 Gay-Lussac Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac chemist SW02 Fizeau Hippolyte Fizeau physicist SW03 Schneider Eugène Schneider industrialist SW04 Le Chatelier Louis Le Chatelier engineer SW05 Berthier Pierre Berthier mineralogist SW06 Barral Jean-Augustin Barral agronomist, chemist, physicist SW07 De Dion Henri de Dion engineer SW08 Goüin Ernest Goüin engineer and industrialist SW09 Jousselin Louis Didier Jousselin engineer SW10 Broca Paul Pierre Broca physician and anthropologist SW11 Becquerel Antoine César Becquerel physicist SW12 Coriolis Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis engineer and scientist SW13 Cail Jean-François Cail industrialist SW14 Triger Jacques Triger engineer SW15 Giffard Henri Giffard engineer SW16 Perrier François Perrier geographer and mathematician SW17 Sturm Jacques Charles François Sturm mathematician SW18 Cauchy Augustin Louis Cauchy mathematician SE01 Belgrand Eugene Belgrand engineer SE02 Regnault Henri Victor Regnault chemist and physicist SE03 Fresnel Augustin-Jean Fresnel physicist SE04 De Prony Gaspard de Prony engineer SE05 Vicat Louis Vicat engineer SE06 Ebelmen Jacques-Joseph Ebelmen chemist SE07 Coulomb Charles-Augustin de Coulomb physicist SE08 Poinsot Louis Poinsot mathematician SE09 Foucault Léon Foucault physicist SE10 Delaunay Charles-Eugène Delaunay astronomer SE11 Morin Arthur Morin mathematician and physicist SE12 Haüy René-Just Haüy mineralogist SE13 Combes Charles Combes engineer and metallurgist SE14 Thénard Louis Jacques Thénard chemist SE15 Arago Dominique François Jean Arago astronomer and physicist SE16 Poisson Simeon Poisson mathematician and physicist SE17 Monge Gaspard Monge geometer SE18 Petiet Jules Petiet engineer NE01 Daguerre Louis Daguerre artist and chemist NE02 Wurtz Charles-Adolphe Wurtz chemist NE03 Le Verrier Urbain Le Verrier astronomer NE04 Perdonnet Albert Auguste Perdonnet engineer NE05 Delambre Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre astronomer NE06 Malus Etienne-Louis Malus physicist NE07 Breguet Louis Breguet physicist and inventor NE08 Polonceau Camille Polonceau engineer NE09 Dumas Jean Baptiste André Dumas chemist NE10 Clapeyron Émile Clapeyron engineer NE11 Borda Jean-Charles de Borda mathematician NE12 Fourier Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier mathematician NE13 Bichat Marie François Xavier Bichat anatomist and physiologist NE14 Sauvage François Clément Sauvage mechanic NE15 Pelouze Théophile-Jules Pelouze chemist NE16 Carnot Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot[2] mathematician NE17 Lamé Gabriel Lamé geometer NE18 Criticism
Women
The list contains no women. The list has been criticized for excluding the name of Sophie Germain, a noted French mathematician whose work on the theory of elasticity was crucial to the construction of the tower itself.[3] Germain's biographer, Mozans, suggested that she was excluded because she was a woman.[4]
Hydraulic engineers and scholars
14 hydraulic engineers and scholars were among the 72 scientists listed on the Eiffel Tower,[5] and Gustave Eiffel did indeed acknowledge the leading scientists in the field of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics. Note the absence of Henri Philibert Gaspard Darcy (1803–1858). This might be a consequence of Darcy's provincial career in Dijon, his short career lifespan and a lack of teaching involvement. It might also illustrate that some of Darcy's findings were not widely used until the 20th century (e.g. the Darcy friction factor). The omission of the names of Antoine Chézy (1718–1798) and Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (1842–1929) is also noticeable but possibly understandable. Chézy was less famous and Boussinesq was still a young researcher in the 1880s.
Notes and references
- ^ The 72 scientists. Eiffel Tower official website. Accessed 2008-01-31.
- ^ Not to be confused with Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, his son.
- ^ William P. Berlinghoff, Fernando Quadros Gouvêa. Math Through the Ages: A Gentle History for Teachers and Others. MAA, 2004, p. 52. ISBN 0883857367.
- ^ Lynn M. Osen. Women in Mathematics. MIT Press, 1975, pp. 92–93. ISBN 0262650096.
- ^ Chanson, H. Hydraulic Engineering Legends Listed on the Eiffel Tower. in "Great Rivers History", 2009, ASCE-EWRI Publication, Proceedings of the History Symposium of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009, Kansas City, USA, 17–19 May, J. R. Rogers Ed., pp. 1–7. ISBN 9780784410325.
Further reading
- Georges Barral: "Le Panthéon Scientifique de la Tour Eiffel". 1982, Nouvelle Librairie Parisienne, Paris - ASIN B001DAV29Y
External links
Media related to 72 names on the Eiffel Tower at Wikimedia CommonsCategories:- Lists of people by occupation
- French engineers
- French scientists
- Science and technology halls of fame
- Visitor attractions in Paris
- Eiffel Tower
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