- Change detection
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In statistical analysis, change detection tries to identify changes in the probability distribution of a stochastic process or time series. In general the problem concerns both detecting whether or not a change has occurred, or whether several changes might have occurred, and identifying the times of any such changes.
Specific applications may be concerned with changes in the mean, variance, correlation, or spectral density of the process. More generally change detection also includes the detection of anomalous behavior: anomaly detection.
Contents
Online change detection
Using the sequential analysis ("online") approach, any change test must make a trade-off between these common metrics:
- False alarm rate
- Misdetection rate
- Detection delay
Bayes change detection
In a Bayes change-detection problem, a prior distribution is available for the change time.
Minimax change detection
In minimax change detection, the objective is to minimize the expected detection delay for some worst-case change-time distribution, subject to a cost or constraint on false alarms.
A key technique for minimax change detection is the CUSUM procedure.
Offline change detection
Offline algorithms may employ clustering based on maximum likelihood estimation.
Applications of change detection
Change detection tests are often used in manufacturing (quality control), intrusion detection, spam filtering, website tracking, and medical diagnostics.
Linguistic change detection
Linguistic change detection refers to the ability to detect word-level changes across multiple presentations of the same sentence. Researchers have found that the amount of semantic overlap (i.e., relatedness) between the changed word and the new word influence the ease with which such a detection is made (Sturt, Sanford, Stewart, & Dawydiak, 2004). Additional research has found that focussing one's attention to the word what will be changed during the initial reading of the original sentence can improve detection. This was shown usng italicized text to focus attention, whereby the word that will be changing is italicized in the original sentence (Sanford, Sanford, Molle, & Emmott, 2006), as well as using clefting constructions such as "It was the tree that needed water." (Kennette, Wurm, & Van Havermaet, 2010). These change-detection phenomenon appear to be robust, even occurring cross-linguistically when bilinguals read the original sentence in their native language and the changed sentence in their second language (Kennette, Wurm & Van Havermaet, 2010).
See also
- Structural break -- Change in model structure
- Change detection (GIS)
- Detection theory
- Hypothesis testing
- Recall rate
- Receiver operating characteristic
Notes and references
- Michèle Basseville and Igor V. Nikiforov (April 1993). Detection of Abrupt Changes: Theory and Application. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.. ISBN 0-13-126780-9. http://www.irisa.fr/sisthem/kniga/.
- Kennette, L. N., Wurm, L. H., & Van Havermaet, L. R. (2010). "Change detection: The effects of linguistic focus, hierarchical word level and proficiency", The Mental Lexicon, 5(1), 47–86. Abstract
- H. Vincent Poor and Olympia Hadjiliadis (2009). Quickest Detection. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62104-5.
- Sanford, A. J. S., Sanford, A. J., Molle, J., & Emmott, C. (2006). "Shallow processing and attention capture in written and spoken discourse", Discourse Processes, 42(2), 109-130.
- Sturt, P., Sanford, A. J., Stewart, A., & Dawydiak, E. (2004). "Linguistic focus and good-enough representations: An application of the change-detection paradigm", Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11(5), 882-888.
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