Clostridium thermocellum

Clostridium thermocellum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Division:	Firmicutes
Class:	Clostridia
Order:	Clostridiales
Family:	Clostridiaceae
Genus:	Clostridium
Species:	C. thermocellum
Binomial name
Clostridium thermocellum NCBI

Clostridium thermocellum is an anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium. C. thermocellum has garnered research interest due to its cellulolytic and ethanologenic abilities, being capable of directly converting a cellulosic substrate into ethanol. This makes it useful in converting biomass into a usable energy source. The degradation of the cellulose is carried out in the bacterium by a large extracellular cellulase system called a cellulosome, which contains nearly 20 catalytic subunits.^[1] The cellulase system of the bacterium significantly differs from fungal cellulases due to its high activity on crystalline cellulose, being able to completely solubilize crystalline sources of cellulose, such as cotton.^[2] However, there are some shortfalls in applying the organism to practical applications due to it having low ethanol yield, at least partially due to branched fermentation pathways that produce acetate, formate, and lactate along with ethanol.^[3] There is also evidence of inhibition due to the presence of hydrogen and due to agitation. ^[4] Some recent research has been directed to optimizing the ethanol-producing metabolic pathway in hopes of creating more efficient biomass conversion.^[5]

References

1. ^ JGI: Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405
2. ^ Cellulase, Clostridia, and Ethanol
3. ^ Ibid.
4. ^ Characterization of Clostridium thermocellum JW20
5. ^ U.S. Department of Energy: Cellulosic Ethanol