Voluntary sector

Economic sectors
Three-sector hypothesis
Primary sector: raw materials Secondary sector: manufacturing Tertiary sector: services
Theorists
Colin Clark · Jean Fourastié
Additional sectors
Quaternary sector · Quinary sector
Sectors by ownership
Business sector · Private sector · Public sector · Voluntary sector
v · organizations that are for non-profit[1] and non-governmental. This sector is also called the third sector, in reference to the public sector and the private sector. Civic sector is another term for the sector, emphasizing the sector's relationship to civil society. Definition Country-specific definitions France Discourse on the "third sector" began in the 1970s in France as a result of the crisis in the welfare state.[2] Japan In Japan since the 1980s, the third sector (第三セクター, daisan sekutā?) refers to joint corporations invested both by the public sector and private sector. United Kingdom The Cabinet Office of the British government until 2010 had an Office of the Third Sector that defined the "third sector" as "the place between State and (the) private sector."[3] The Conservative/Liberal Democratic Government renamed the department the Office for Civil Society. The term third sector has now been replaced in Government usage by the term Civil Society or more usually the term Big Society, which was devised by political advisers and which featured prominently in the Conservative Party's 2010 election campaign. India In India this sector is commonly called the "joint sector", and includes the industries run in partnership by the state and Private Sector. In a wider sense the initial investment is made by the state and later the handling is done by the private sector. But here the private sector is responsible to the state when it comes to handling. Israel In Israel this sector is commonly called the "Third Sector", ( in Hebrew: המגזר השלישי‎) and generally refers to non-profit organizations (NPO's) and non-governmental organizations (NGO's) with the line between the two quite fine. These organizations generally fill a gap in the existing government or municipal service provision. Examples include United Hatzalah for emergency medical first response, Yad Sarah for free loan of medical equipment and Akim for assistance the mentally handicapped. Significance to society and the economy The presence of a large non-profit sector is sometimes seen as an indicator of a healthy economy in local and national financial measurements.[4] With a growing number of non-profit organizations focused on social services, the environment, education and other unmet needs throughout society, the nonprofit sector is increasingly central to the health and well-being of society.[5] Peter Drucker suggests that the nonprofit sector provides an excellent outlet for a variety of society's labor and skills.[6] In 1976, Daniel Bell predicted that the third sector would become the predominant sector in society, as the knowledge class overcame the effects of the private sector.[7] This presently holds true in a number of European countries. According to a recent study by Johns Hopkins University, the Netherlands has the largest third sector of 20 countries across Europe.[8] In Ireland the non-profit sector accounts for 8.8% of GDP.[9] In Sweden, the nonprofit sector is attributed with fostering a nationwide social change towards progressive economic, social and cultural policies,[10] while in Italy the third sector is increasingly viewed as a primary employment source for the entire country.[11] In the United States approximately 10% of GDP is attributable to the third sector. Donating to private religious organizations remains the most popular American cause, and all religious organizations are entirely privately funded because the government is limited from establishing or prohibiting a religion under the First Amendment.[12] Problems with definitions There are considerable problems with terminology, however. Although the voluntary, community and not-for-personal profit sectors are frequently taken to comprise the "Third Sector" each of these sectors or sub-sectors have quite different characteristics. The community sector is assumed to comprise volunteers (unpaid) whilst the voluntary sector are considered (confusingly) to employ staff working for a social or community purpose.[13] In addition however, the not-for-personal-profit sector is also considered to include social firms (such as cooperatives and mutuals) and more recently governmental institutions (such as Housing Associations) that have been spun off from government, although still operating fundamentally as public service delivery organisations. These other types of institutions may be considered to be quasi-private or quasi-public sector rather than stemming from direct community benefit motivations. Concerns There have been long-ranging arguments regarding the financial accountability of the nonprofit sector throughout Western society.[14] There is also ongoing concern whether the nonprofit sector will unequally draw retiring workers from the private sector as the currently large Baby Boomers age.[15] Development of the third sector, it is argued, is linked to restructuring of the welfare state and further globalization of that process through neo-liberal strategies of the Washington consensus.[16] See also Sustainable development portal economics portal Advocacy group Foundation (nonprofit organization) International organization Mission-based organization Philanthropy Social economy Social entrepreneurship Volunteer Volunteerism Examples: Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organisations Community Sector Coalition National Council for Voluntary Organisations Northern Ireland Council for Voluntary Action Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations Wales Council for Voluntary Action The Citizens Advice service 4x4 Response References ^ PotÀuček, M. (1999) Not Only the Market: The Role of the Market, Government, and the Civic Sector. Central European University Press. p.34. ^ Zaleski, Pawel (2008). "Tocqueville on Civilian Society. A Romantic Vision of the Dichotomic Structure of Social Reality". Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte (Felix Meiner Verlag) 50.  ^ UK definition of third sector ^ Verdier, D. (2002) Moving Money: Banking and Finance in the Industrialized World. Cambridge University Press. p. 145. ^ (2007) "Laban: Volunteering Canterbury - 2007 Awards", 6/20/07. Retrieved 6/26/07. ^ (2007) "Drucker Wisdom: Leadership and the CEO." The Blake Project. 6/26/07. Retrieved 6/26/07. ^ Bell, D. (1976) The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: a venture in social forecasting. Basic Books. p. 147. ^ Evers, A. and Laville, J. (2004) The Third Sector in Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 150. ^ Building a caring civil society in Ireland: http://www.2into3.com ^ Muffels, J. (2001) Solidarity in Health and Social Care in Europe. Springer. p. 90. ^ Antonelli, G. and De Liso, N. (2004) European Economic Integration and Italian Labour Policies. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 228. ^ Christopher Eaton Gunn Third-sector Development: Making Up for the Market (Cornell University Press, 2004) 0801488818, 9780801488818 Partially Accessible Copy on Google Books(accessed July 6, 2009 on Google Book Search) ^ Volresource ^ Gettler, L. (2007) "Non-profits can be more accountable," The Age. 5/31/07. Retrieved 6/25/07. ^ The Conference Board. (2007) "Non-Profit Firms Face Many Challenges and Some Opportunities With Advent of Retirement of Baby-Boom Generation." Earth Times. 5/31/07. Retrieved 6/25/07. ^ Pawel Zaleski Global Non-governmental Administrative System: Geosociology of the Third Sector, [in:] Gawin, Dariusz & Glinski, Piotr [ed.]: "Civil Society in the Making", IFiS Publishers, Warszawa 2006 Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР The Wild Rudolf Schulten Look at other dictionaries: voluntary sector — /ˈvɒləntri sɛktə/ (say voluhntree sektuh) noun that section of the community which contributes voluntary welfare aid, assistance to schools, childcare centres, health or recreational organisations as Scouts or Guides, etc. {modelled on public… …   Voluntary Sector — Freiwilligensektor; Teilbereich des ⇡ Nonprofit Sektors. Der V.S. ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Vielzahl meist kleinerer Organisationen (Voluntary Organizations, Freiwilligenorganisationen), die vornehmlich durch Zuwendungen, Spenden und… …   Lexikon der Economics New Zealand Office for the Community & Voluntary Sector — (OCVS) Tari mō te Rāngai ā Hapori, ā Tūao Agency overview Formed 2003 Jurisdiction New Zealand Ministers responsible Hon Tariana Turia, Minister for Community and Voluntary Sector Hon Hekia Parata, Associat …   Wikipedia Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly —   …   Wikipedia Voluntary Organization — ⇡ Voluntary Sector …   Lexikon der Economics voluntary — vol‧un‧ta‧ry [ˈvɒləntri ǁ ˈvɑːlənteri] adjective 1. done or agreed to willingly and without being forced: • He suggested that workers take voluntary pay cuts to help the economy. • Cigar advertising on television is banned under a voluntary… …   Financial and business terms voluntary — I UK [ˈvɒlənt(ə)rɪ] / US [ˈvɑlənˌterɪ] adjective ** 1) a voluntary action is done because you choose to do it, and not because you have to Some 30,000 workers took voluntary redundancy. The advertising of alcoholic drinks is regulated by a… …   English dictionary voluntary — vol|un|tar|y1 [ valən,teri ] adjective ** 1. ) a voluntary action is done because you choose to do it, and not because you have to: an attractive package to encourage voluntary early retirement The advertising of alcoholic drinks is regulated by… …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English voluntary — [[t]vɒ̱ləntri, AM teri[/t]] ♦♦♦ 1) ADJ Voluntary actions or activities are done because someone chooses to do them and not because they have been forced to do them. Attention is drawn to a special voluntary course in Commercial French... The… …   English dictionary voluntary — vol|un|ta|ry1 W3 [ˈvɔləntəri US ˈva:lənteri] adj ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(without being paid)¦ 2¦(without being forced)¦ 3¦(movement of the body)¦ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ [Date: 1300 1400; : Latin; Origin: voluntarius, from voluntas will , from velle to will, wish ] 1.)… …   Dictionary of contemporary English 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”