- Western European Summer Time
-
Time zones of Europe:
Light colours indicate countries that do not observe summer time: Algeria, Belarus, Iceland, Russia, Tunisia.blue Western European Time (UTC+0)
Western European Summer Time (UTC+01:00)light blue Western European Time (UTC+0) red Central European Time (UTC+01:00)
Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00)yellow Eastern European Time (UTC+02:00)
Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+03:00)orange Further-eastern European Time (UTC+03:00) light green Moscow Time (UTC+04:00) Western European Summer Time (WEST) is a summer daylight saving time scheme, 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used in the following places:
- the Canary Islands
- Portugal (including Madeira but not the Azores)
- Ireland
- the United Kingdom
- the British Crown dependencies
- the Faroe Islands
Western European Summer Time is also known locally, in the countries concerned, as:
- British Summer Time (BST) in the United Kingdom.
- Irish Standard Time (IST)[1] (Am Caighdeánach na hÉireann (ACÉ)[2]) in Ireland. Also sometimes erroneously referred to as "Irish Summer Time" (Am Samhraidh na hÉireann).[3][4]
The scheme runs from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October each year. At both the start and end of the schemes, clock changes take place at 01:00 UTC. During the winter, Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) is used.
The start and end dates of the scheme are somewhat asymmetrical in terms of daylight hours: the vernal time of year with a similar amount of daylight to late October is mid-February, well before the start of summer time. The asymmetry reflects temperature more than the length of daylight.
Ireland does not observe a summer time,[1] but rather observes Standard Time during the summer months and changes to UTC+0 for the purposes of Daylight Savings. However, as Ireland's winter time period begins on the last Sunday in October and finishes on the last Sunday in March, the result is the same.
Contents
Usage
The following countries and territories use Western European Summer Time during the summer, between 1:00 UTC on the last Sunday of March and 1:00 UTC on the last Sunday of October.
- Canary Islands, regularly since 1980 (rest of Spain is CEST, i.e. UTC+2)
- Faroe Islands, regularly since 1981
- Ireland
- 1916–1939 summers IST
- 1940–1946 all year IST
- 1947–1968 summers IST
- 1968–1971 all year IST
- 1972– summers IST
- Portugal
- The United Kingdom
- 1916–1939 summers BST
- 1940–1945 all year BST (1941–1945 summers BDST=BST+1)
- 1946 summer BST
- 1947 summer BST (1947 summer BDST=BST+1)
- 1948–1968 summers BST
- 1968–1971 all year BST
- 1972– summers BST
Ireland
The Standard Time Act 1968 [5] stipulated that standard time is UTC+1 (CET) and from 1968 clocks were not turned back one hour during winter. The subsequent Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 [6] effectively reversed this, and from 1971 returned winter time to UTC+0 (Western European Time); it did not however change the names of the Irish summer time zone, which are still, officially, Irish Standard Time (IST) and Am Caighdeánach na hÉireann (ACÉ).
Portugal
Portugal moved to Central European Time and Central European Summer Time in 1992, but reverted to Western European Time in 1996 after concluding that energy savings were small, it had a disturbing effect on children's sleeping habits as it would not get dark until 22:00 or 22:30 in summer evenings with repercussions on standards of learning and school performance, and insurance companies reported a rise in the number of accidents.[7]
United Kingdom
Main article: British Summer TimeStarting in 1916, the dates for the beginning and end of BST each year were mandated by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In February 2002, the Summer Time Order 2002[8] permanently changed the dates and times to match European rules for moving to and from daylight saving time.
Start and end dates of British Summer Time and Irish Standard Time
Summer Begins (GMT) Ends (GMT) UK Notes Ireland Notes 2013 Sun 31 March 01:00 Sun 27 October 01:00 2012 Sun 25 March 01:00 Sun 28 October 01:00 2011 Sun 27 March 01:00 Sun 30 October 01:00 2010 Sun 28 March 01:00 Sun 31 October 01:00 2009 Sun 29 March 01:00 Sun 25 October 01:00 2008 Sun 30 March 01:00 Sun 26 October 01:00 2007 Sun 25 March 01:00 Sun 28 October 01:00 2006 Sun 26 March 01:00 Sun 29 October 01:00 2005 Sun 27 March 01:00 Sun 30 October 01:00 2004 Sun 28 March 01:00 Sun 31 October 01:00 2003 Sun 30 March 01:00 Sun 26 October 01:00 2002 Sun 31 March 01:00 Sun 27 October 01:00 EU adopts UK practice[8][9] EU adopts Ireland Practice [9][10] 2001 Sun 25 March 01:00 Sun 28 October 01:00 2000 Sun 26 March 01:00 Sun 29 October 01:00 1999 Sun 28 March 01:00 Sun 31 October 01:00 1998 Sun 29 March 01:00 Sun 25 October 01:00 1997 Sun 30 March 01:00 Sun 26 October 01:00 1996 Sun 31 March 01:00 Sun 27 October 01:00 1995 Sun 26 March 01:00 Sun 22 October 01:00 1994 Sun 27 March 01:00 Sun 23 October 01:00 1993 Sun 28 March 01:00 Sun 24 October 01:00 1992 Sun 29 March 01:00 Sun 25 October 01:00 1991 Sun 31 March 01:00 Sun 27 October 01:00 1990 Sun 25 March 01:00 Sun 28 October 01:00 1989 Sun 26 March 01:00 Sun 29 October 01:00 1988 Sun 27 March 01:00 Sun 23 October 01:00 1987 Sun 29 March 01:00 Sun 25 October 01:00 1986 Sun 30 March 01:00 Sun 26 October 01:00 1985 Sun 31 March 01:00 Sun 27 October 01:00 1984 Sun 25 March 01:00 Sun 28 October 01:00 1983 Sun 27 March 01:00 Sun 23 October 01:00 1982 Sun 28 March 01:00 Sun 24 October 01:00 1981 Sun 29 March 01:00 Sun 25 October 01:00 1980 Sun 16 March 02:00 Sun 26 October 02:00 1979 Sun 18 March 02:00 Sun 28 October 02:00 1978 Sun 19 March 02:00 Sun 29 October 02:00 1977 Sun 20 March 02:00 Sun 23 October 02:00 1976 Sun 21 March 02:00 Sun 24 October 02:00 1975 Sun 16 March 02:00 Sun 26 October 02:00 1974 Sun 17 March 02:00 Sun 27 October 02:00 1973 Sun 18 March 02:00 Sun 28 October 02:00 1972 Sun 19 March 02:00 Sun 29 October 02:00 1971 Sun 31 October 02:00 BST all year ends IST all year ends 1970 BST all year IST all year 1969 BST all year IST all year 1968 Sun 18 February 01:00 BST all year begins IST all year begins 1967 Sun 19 March 02:00 Sun 29 October 02:00 1966 Sun 20 March 02:00 Sun 23 October 02:00 1965 Sun 21 March 02:00 Sun 24 October 02:00 1964 Sun 22 March 02:00 Sun 25 October 02:00 1963 Sun 31 March 02:00 Sun 27 October 02:00 1962 Sun 25 March 02:00 Sun 28 October 02:00 1961 Sun 26 March 02:00 Sun 29 October 02:00 1960 Sun 10 April 02:00 Sun 2 October 02:00 1959 Sun 12 April 02:00 Sun 4 October 02:00 1958 Sun 20 April 02:00 Sun 5 October 02:00 1957 Sun 14 April 02:00 Sun 6 October 02:00 1956 Sun 22 April 02:00 Sun 7 October 02:00 1955 Sun 17 April 02:00 Sun 2 October 02:00 1954 Sun 11 April 02:00 Sun 3 October 02:00 1953 Sun 19 April 02:00 Sun 4 October 02:00 1952 Sun 20 April 02:00 Sun 26 October 02:00 1951 Sun 15 April 02:00 Sun 21 October 02:00 1950 Sun 16 April 02:00 Sun 29 October 02:00 1949 Sun 3 April 02:00 Sun 30 October 02:00 1948 Sun 14 March 02:00 Sun 31 October 02:00 1947 Sun 2 November 02:00 Back to GMT Back to GMT 1947 Sun 13 April 02:00 Sun 10 August 02:00 BDST (2 hours ahead) IST / no DST 1947 Sun 16 March 02:00 BST begins IST begins 1946 Sun 14 April 02:00 Sun 6 October 02:00 Back to GMT (Oct) Back to GMT (Oct) 1945 Sun 7 October 02:00 Back to GMT IST 1945 Mon 2 April 01:00 Sun 15 July 01:00 BDST (2 hours ahead) IST / no DST 1944 Sun 2 April 01:00 Sun 17 September 01:00 BDST (2 hours ahead) IST / no DST 1943 Sun 4 April 01:00 Sun 15 August 01:00 BDST (2 hours ahead) IST / no DST 1942 Sun 5 April 01:00 Sun 9 August 01:00 BDST (2 hours ahead) IST / no DST 1941 Sun 4 May 01:00 Sun 10 August 01:00 BDST (2 hours ahead) IST / no DST 1940 Sun 25 February 02:00 BST 1940–1945 IST 1940–1946 1939 Sun 16 April 02:00 Sun 19 November 02:00 1938 Sun 10 April 02:00 Sun 2 October 02:00 1937 Sun 18 April 02:00 Sun 3 October 02:00 1936 Sun 19 April 02:00 Sun 4 October 02:00 1935 Sun 14 April 02:00 Sun 6 October 02:00 1934 Sun 22 April 02:00 Sun 7 October 02:00 1933 Sun 9 April 02:00 Sun 8 October 02:00 1932 Sun 17 April 02:00 Sun 2 October 02:00 1930 Sun 13 April 02:00 Sun 5 October 02:00 1929 Sun 21 April 02:00 Sun 6 October 02:00 1928 Sun 22 April 02:00 Sun 7 October 02:00 1927 Sun 10 April 02:00 Sun 2 October 02:00 1926 Sun 18 April 02:00 Sun 3 October 02:00 1925 Sun 19 April 02:00 Sun 4 October 02:00 1924 Sun 13 April 02:00 Sun 21 September 02:00 1923 Sun 22 April 02:00 Sun 16 September 02:00 1922 Sun 26 March 02:00 Sun 8 October 02:00 1921 Sun 3 April 02:00 Sun 3 October 02:00 1920 Sun 28 March 02:00 Sun 25 October 02:00 1919 Sun 30 March 02:00 Sun 29 September 02:00 1918 Sun 24 March 02:00 Sun 30 September 02:00 1917 Sun 8 April 02:00 Sun 17 September 02:00 1916 Sun 21 May 02:00 Sun 1 October 02:00 Abolition of DMT Note: Until 1 October 1916 time in all of Ireland was based on Dublin Mean Time which was GMT − 25 minutes.
References
- ^ a b "STANDARD TIME ACT, 1968". http://www.acts.ie/en.act.1968.0023.1.html.
- ^ "AN tACHT UM AM CAIGHDEÁNACH, 1968". http://www.acts.ie/ga.act.1968.0023.1.html.
- ^ "timeanddate.com webpage erroneuously referring to IST as "Irish Summer Time"". http://www.timeanddate.com/library/abbreviations/timezones/eu/ist.html. Retrieved 2009-08-27.
- ^ "Example of Trinity College, Dublin using the term "Irish Summer Time"". Trinity College, Dublin. http://www.tcd.ie/Physics/Astrophysics/news.php. Retrieved 2009-08-27.
- ^ "Irish Standard Time Act, 1968". http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1968/en/act/pub/0023/index.html.
- ^ "Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971". http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1971/en/act/pub/0017/index.html.
- ^ "Lighter Evenings (Experiment) Bill [HL"]. http://www.theyworkforyou.com/lords/?gid=2006-03-24b.478.0.
- ^ a b "Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 262—The Summer Time Order 2002". http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2002/20020262.htm.
- ^ a b http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
- ^ http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZSI506Y2001.html
Further reading
- Prerau, David. Saving the Daylight: Why We Put the Clocks Forward (ISBN 1-86207-796-7) — The Story of Summer Time/Daylight Saving Time with a focus on the UK
External links
- A Brief History of BST/DST
- History of legal time in Britain
- BBC News report: Safety call as clocks go back.
- BBC News report: Tundra time call in clocks debate.
- UK Government Report: Overview of the pros and cons of British Summer Time.
- RoSPA Press Release: RoSPA calls for switch to lighter nights to save lives
- BST FAQ
- Official British Government site listing Summer time dates for 2006–2011 inclusive (Updated March 2008)
- Dates when BST began and ended
- UNIX 'zoneinfo' file for Europe: as well as including a full set of dates for all European countries, it includes many comments on the history of DST in those countries.
Categories:- Time in the United Kingdom
- Time zones with daylight saving time
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