Differential pair

Differential pair

A differential pair is a pair of conductors used for differential signaling. Differential pairs are usually found on a printed circuit board, in cables (twisted-pair cables, ribbon cables), and in connectors. The term can also refer to a pair of transistors used as the input stage of a differential amplifier.

Contents

Uses

The technique minimises crosstalk (electronics) and electromagnetic interference, both noise emission and noise acceptance, and can achieve a constant and/or known characteristic impedance, allowing impedance matching techniques important in a high-speed signal transmission line or high quality balanced line and balanced circuit audio signal path.

Differential pairs include:

The latter can be considered as a PCB implementation of the well-known twisted-pair cable, a common implementation of the differential pair. Differential pairs are generally used to carry differential or semi-differential signals, such as high-speed digital serial interfaces including LVDS, SATA, Hypertransport, Ethernet, Serial Digital Interface, etc. or else high quality and/or high frequency analog signals (e.g. video signals, professional audio signals, etc.)

Data rates of some interfaces implemented with differential pairs

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See also

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