Clouded apollo

Clouded Apollo
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Parnassius
Species:	P. mnemosyne
Binomial name
Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758)

The Clouded Apollo (Parnassius mnemosyne) is a butterfly species of the family of Swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) found in Eurasia.

Clouded Apollos inhabits meadows and woodland clearings with plenty of flowering plants, both in the lowlands and in the mountains. It is not usually found at altitudes above 1500m except in the Asian mountains where it is known also from higher altitudes.

Distribution

P. m. adamellicus

Dark female from the alps P. m. ssp. hartmanni

Caterpillar

Its range of distribution extends from the Pyrenees, across the Central Massif, the Alps, and the Carpathians as far as central Asia. It inhabits all European countries including Norway, where it appears rarely and only in certain places. A great number of different geographical races and individual forms are distinguished in this extensive region. The most striking specimens include the dark race from the eastern Bavarian Alps (ssp. hartmanni ); form melania has the most pronounced dark colouring.

Habits

The Clouded Apollo is locally common in some places in central Europe. The female lays whitish eggs with a granular surface. The caterpillar feeds only on sunny days, otherwise it is hidden under leaves or stones. The blunt-ended chrysalis lies on the ground in a light spun covering. The caterpillars feed exclusively on Corydalis species.^[1] To prevent the continuing disappearance of this butterfly from many places in central Europe, it is now protected in some regions. They inhabit small patches and individuals move from patch to patch and conservation of a network of patches is required to maintain the genepool.^[2]

References

1. ^ HANSEN Lars Ove and AARVIK Leif, Trondheim. 2004 CLOUDED APOLLO - Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758), data sheet in Lepidoptera of Norway
2. ^ VÄLIMÄKI Panu,ITÄMIES, Juhani. 2003 Migration of the clouded Apollo butterfly Parnassius mnemosyne in a network of suitable habitats: effects of patch characteristics. Ecography 26(5):679-691

External links

• European Butterflies and Moths