Bjørvika

Bjørvika is a neighborhood in the Sentrum borough of Oslo, Norway. The area is an inlet in the inner Oslofjord, situated between Gamlebyen and Akersness. It serves as an outlet for the river Akerselva. Since the 2000s, it has been undergoing urban redevelopment, being transformed from a container port. The neighborhood will be Oslo's cultural "center." The National Opera is currently at Bjørvika, and the Munch/Stenersen museum will be built here, replacing the Munch Museum. A number of new roads are under construction and the Bjørvika Tunnel opens in May, 2010.

The name

The Norse form of the name was Bjárvík. The first element is the genitive of býr, "town, city" (modern Norwegian by); the last element is vík, "inlet, bay."

History

Main article: History of Oslo

Bjørvika has traditionally been a port

Oslo was first established in the 11th century in the area around where the Alna River flows into the Oslofjord, due to the strategic location both with regard to transport, trade and military. The place became the seat of a bishop in 1100. By 1300, the population had reached about 3000. Construction of Akershus Fortress started in 1299. At the time, the city was mainly made of wooden buildings, and had six churches, three monasteries and two manors: one for the king and one for the bishop. The city declined during the 15th and 16th century. Following the reformation in 1537, the economic base of the city fell away, and the city was repeatedly struck by fire.^[1]

Following the 1624 fire, King Christian IV ordered a new city plan, and changed the name of the city from Oslo to Christiania, in his own honor. A square city grid was introduced, and the first brick buildings were built. The city grew as an important port for lumber export, and the Bjørvika area east of the city developed with port facilities. By 1801, the city had 8900 residents.^[1]

From 1814, Christiania became the capital of Norway, which had regained partial independence from Denmark and entered a union with Sweden. Industrialization started in 1840, initially with along the Aker River. The population grew rapidly, and new infrastructure was built. Commercial activities increased, and in 1854 the railway station was opened, connecting Christiania to Lake Mjøsa via the Hoved Line. In 1835, the population was 18,000; by 1890, it had reached 151,000. From 1878, the Oslofjord was kept permanently open with icebreakers. By 1900, Kristiania was the leading shipping city in the nation, and among the most important in the world.^[1]

In 1960, sales of cars exploded following the deregulation of sales. A new road system through Bjørvika was opened in 1970. Ten years later, the Oslo Tunnel connected the city's two railway networks together. Starting in the 1960s, containerization and automation became leading trends in the development of the port technology. The steady construction of new roads and port facilities created a physical and visual barrier that hindered Oslo from having access to the waterfront. European Route E18 takes up 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) of waterfront.^[1]

Fjord City

Main article: Fjord City

Oslo Opera House

Bjørvika is being redeveloped as part of the Fjord City plans for the Oslo waterfront. In 2010, the Bjørvika Tunnel will be completed, and by 2012, Bispelokket and the rest of the remaining E18 will be removed. A new avenue, Dronning Eufemias gate, will be constructed along the current route of Bispegata. It will serve as a main route for public transport, and the Ekeberg Line of the Oslo Tramway is planned to be rerouted along the avenue in 2014.^[2] The area is just south of Oslo Central Station, and can also be reached via the Oslo T-bane at Jernbanetorget.

Bjørvika

HAV Eiendom, a subsidiary of the Oslo Port Authority, is responsible for developing the area. When finished, it will have 4–5,000 apartments and about 20,000 jobs. In addition, several major cultural institutions will be located in Bjørvika. It is estimated that 30,000 people will travel to the neighborhood each day.^[3]

In 2008, the Oslo Opera House opened at Bjørvika. Costing NOK 3.3 billion and built by Statsbygg, it was designed by Snøhetta. Bjørvika was preferred as a location over Vestbanen. The opera is 38,500 square metres (414,000 sq ft) in size and has a large, slanting roof open to the public.^[4] In 2008, the Norwegian Parliament also decided to build the Munch Museum, the Stenersen Museum and the Oslo Public Library at Bjørvika to form a new cultural center.^[5]

Between Dronning Eufemias gate and the central station, twelve medium-rise buildings, up to 22 stories tall, are to be constructed. These have officially been christened the Barcode Buildings. The first, the offices of PricewaterhouseCoopers, has already been built. The height of the buildings created a heated debate.^[6]

Economy

The head office of Avinor is located in Bjørvika, on the sea side of Oslo Central Station.^[7]

References

Norway portal

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Bjørvika Utvikling. "Historisk utvikling" (in Norwegian). http://www.bjorvikautvikling.no/modules/module_123/proxy.asp?D=2&C=14&I=34&mids=a5a48a. Retrieved 20 March 2009. 
2. ^ Norwegian Public Roads Administration. "Key Facts" (in Norwegian). http://www.vegvesen.no/Vegprosjekter/Bjorvika/In+English. Retrieved 20 March 2009. 
3. ^ Bjørvika Utvikling. "Bjørvika" (in Norwegian). http://www.bjorvikautvikling.no/modules/module_123/proxy.asp?D=2&C=14&I=31&mids=a5a. Retrieved 20 March 2009. 
4. ^ Statsbygg. "Operaen" (in Norwegian). http://www.statsbygg.no/Byggeprosjekter/Opera/Prosjektet/. Retrieved 23 March 2009. 
5. ^ HAV Eiendom. "Projeckter" (in Norwegian). http://www.haveiendom.no/nor/Prosjekter/. Retrieved 23 March 2009. 
6. ^ Lundegaard, Hilde. "Barcode-blokkene i Bjørvika blir ikke mindre" (in Norwegian). Aftenposten. http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article1897303.ece. Retrieved 23 March 2009. 
7. ^ "Contact us." Avinor. Retrieved on 9 March 2010.

Coordinates: 59°54′26″N 10°44′57″E / 59.90722°N 10.74917°E / 59.90722; 10.74917