- E. Lee Spence
-
Edward Lee Spence 
Dr. E. Lee Spence with a 22kt gold sword hilt.Born 1947
GermanyResidence Summerville, South Carolina, United States Fields Underwater archaeology Maritime history
Naval historyInstitutions International Diving Institute Alma mater University of South Carolina
College of Marine ArtsKnown for Discovery of H. L. Hunley (1st successful submarine),
Discovery of Georgiana (wrecked Confederate cruiser/blockade runner),
Discovery of the identity of the "real Rhett Butler"Notable awards Donald O. Bushman Award Edward Lee Spence (born 1947 in Germany) is a pioneer in underwater archaeology[1] who studies shipwrecks and sunken treasure.[2] He is also a published editor and author of non-fiction reference books;[3] a magazine editor (Diving World, Atlantic Coastal Diver, Treasure, Treasure Diver, and Treasure Quest), and magazine publisher (ShipWrecks, Wreck Diver); and a published photographer.[4] Spence was twelve years old when he found his first five shipwrecks.[5][6][7]
Dr. Spence's past work has been funded by such institutions as the Savannah Ships of the Sea Museum, the College of Charleston, the South Carolina Committee for the Humanities and the National Endowment for the Humanities. In 1991 and 1992, Spence served as Chief of Underwater Archeology for San Andres y Providencia, a 40,000 square-mile Colombian owned archipelago in the western Caribbean. He has worked on the wrecks of Spanish galleons, pirate ships, Great Lakes freighters, modern luxury liners (cruise ships), Civil War blockade runners and submarines.[8]
Contents
Discoveries
H. L. Hunley
H. L. Hunley, suspended from a crane during its recovery from Charleston Harbor, August 8, 2000. (Photograph from the U.S. Naval Historical Center.)
Main article: H. L. Hunley (submarine)Spence first reported the discovery of the Civil War submarine Hunley in 1970.[9] Spence mapped and reported its location to numerous government agencies. The July 2007 cover story in U.S. News & World Report noted that the Hunley "disappeared without a trace" until 1970 when it was found by "underwater archaeologist E. Lee Spence."[10] That report made no mention of novelist Clive Cussler, whose organization later (August 2008) dropped a lawsuit in federal district court against Spence in which it had claimed that they and not Spence had discovered the wreck in 1995. Both sides still claim that they and not the other discovered the wreck.[11]
On September 13, 1976, the National Park Service submitted Sea Research Society's (Spence's) location for H.L. Hunley for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. Spence's location for Hunley became a matter of public record when H.L. Hunley's placement on that list was officially approved on December 29, 1978.[12][13]
Spence's book Treasures of the Confederate Coast, which had a chapter on his discovery of Hunley and included a map complete with an "X" showing the wreck's location was published in January 1995.[14]
In 1995 the discovery was independently verified by a combined South Carolina Institute of Anthropology and Archaeology (SCIAA) and National Underwater and Marine Agency (NUMA) expedition directed by SCIAA underwater archaeologist Dr. Mark M. Newell[15] and funded in part by novelist Clive Cussler.[16] Later the same year, at the official request of Senator Glenn F. McConnell (chairman), of the State of South Carolina Hunley Commission, Spence donated all of his rights to the wreck to the State.[17][18]
The Hunley discovery was described by Dr. William Dudley, Director of Naval History at the Naval Historical Center as probably the most important (underwater archaeological) find of the (20th) century."[19] The tiny sub and its contents have been valued at over $40,000,000 making the discovery and donation one of the most significant and valuable contributions ever made to the State of South Carolina.[20][21]
Other discoveries
Dr. Spence with KM17 Diving HelmetIn addition to the Hunley, Spence has discovered several historically significant shipwrecks, including the SS Georgiana[22][23] (said to have been the most powerful cruiser built by the Confederate States of America).[24][25]
South Carolina's law protecting both the State's and the salvors' interests in shipwrecks was passed following Spence's discovery of the Georgiana and his company Shipwrecks Inc. was granted South Carolina State Salvage License #1.[26]
Spence states he has salvaged over $50,000,000 in valuable artifacts[27] and has been responsible, through his archival research, for the location of the wrecks of the side-paddle-wheel steamers Republic[28] and Central America[29][30] from which over one billion dollars in treasure has been recovered.[31][32]
On April 4, 1989, Spence announced his discovery that Margaret Mitchell, who had claimed her Pulitzer Prize winning novel Gone with the Wind was pure fiction, had actually taken much of her compelling story of love, greed and war from real life[33] and that Mitchell had actually based Rhett Butler on the life of George Alfred Trenholm, a tall, handsome, shipping magnate from Charleston, South Carolina, who had made millions of dollars from blockade running and was accused of making off with much of the Confederate treasury and had been thrown in prison after the Civil War.[34][35] Spence's literary discovery that had its roots in his prior discoveries of some of Trenholm's wrecked blockade runners made international news.[36]
The Encyclopedia Of Civil War Shipwrecks by W. Craig Gaines additionally credits Spence with the discoveries of the following Civil War wrecks: the Constance (lost 1864, found 1967); Housatonic (lost 1864, found 1970); Keokuk (lost 1863, found 1971); Minho (lost 1862, found 1965); Presto (lost 1864, found 1967); Ruby (lost 1863, found 1966); Stonewall Jackson (lost 1863, found 1965).[37] Spence's own books, as well as numerous third party books, newspaper and magazine accounts, and archaeological reports describe his discoveries of the blockade runners Mary Bowers and Norseman and dozens of other ships of all types and nations in waters all over the world spanning a time period of over two thousand years.[5][6][38]
Cartography
Spence is also a cartographer and has published a number of popular and archaeological (proximal, contour and conformant) maps and charts dealing with historical events, archaeology, shipwrecks and treasure.
- Shipwrecks of Hilton Head & Vicinity chart by Lee Spence, (Shipwreck Press, Sullivan's Island, S.C., 1980) OCLC: 15281285
- Shipwrecks of Wreck Valley : [New York City and Long Island regions] chart by E. Lee Spence (Shipwreck Press, Sullivan's Island, SC, 1990) OCLC: 40228884
- Shipwrecks of the Civil War : Charleston, South Carolina, 1861-1865 map by E. Lee Spence, (Shipwreck Press, Sullivan's Island, S.C., 1984) OCLC: 11214217
- Spence's Chart of Shipwrecks of Charleston, S.C.: over 250 wrecks map by E. Lee Spence (Shipwreck Press, Sullivan's Island, S.C., 1980) OCLC: 40228884
- Gold Bug: Treasure Chart, Edgar A. Poe by E. Lee Spence, (Sullivan's Island, SC: E. Lee Spence, 1981) OCLC: 49829303
- South Carolina Shipwrecks, 1520-1776 by E. Lee Spence (Charleston, S.C. : E. Lee Spence, 1976) OCLC: 6270298
International Diving Institute
Dr. Spence is a founder, owner and Vice President of the International Diving Institute, one of fewer than a dozen schools in North America that teaches and certifies commercial deep sea divers.[39]
Credentials and affiliations
Current President and Chairman of the Board of the Sea Research Society, Dr. Spence is a past member of both the Board of Directors of the American Military Museum and Board of Directors of the Cardiovascular Research Institute of the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston. He is a lifetime member of Mensa International and a former member of Intertel. Spence has an honorable discharge from the United States Army Reserves and has served as Commander and Vice Commander for Post #10 of the veteran's organization American Legion.
Education
Spence graduated cum laude from the University of South Carolina in 1976, where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Interdisciplinary Studies with an academic concentration in marine archaeology and won the Donald O. Bushman Award in cartography. His doctorate is a Doctor of Marine Histories (DMH) from Sea Research Society's College of Marine Arts.
Certifications
- Sidescan Sonar Operator - Klein Associates - 1989;
- Shipwreck Consultant - Sea Research Society - 1972;
- Open Water Diver - Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) - 1969;
- Scuba Instructor - NASDS - 1967;
- Commercial Diver (surface supplied air) - Palmetto Diving Association - 1966;
- Scuba Diver - Florida Safety Council - 1963
Bibliography
- The Hunley: Submarines, Sacrifice & Success in the Civil War by Mark Ragan (Narwhal Press, Charleston/Miami, 1995) [ISBN 1-886391-43-2]
- A Look at South Carolina's Underwater Heritage, by E. Lee Spence (Nelson Southern Printing, Charleston, South Carolina, 1974) OCLC: 11121049
- Treasures of the Confederate Coast: the "real Rhett Butler" & Other Revelations by Dr. E. Lee Spence, (Narwhal Press, Charleston/Miami, 1995)[ISBN 1-886391-01-7] [ISBN 1-886391-00-9], OCLC: 32431590
- Shipwreck Encyclopedia of the Civil War: South Carolina & Georgia, 1861-1865 by Edward Lee Spence (Sullivan's Island, S.C., Shipwreck Press, 1991) OCLC: 24420089
- Shipwrecks of South Carolina and Georgia : (includes Spence's List, 1520-1865) by E. Lee Spence, Sullivan's Island, S.C. (Sullivan's Island 29482, Sea Research Society, 1984) OCLC 10593079
- Shipwrecks, Pirates & Privateers: Sunken Treasures of the Upper South Carolina Coast, 1521-1865 by E. Lee Spence, (Narwhal Press, Charleston/Miami, 1995) [ISBN 1-886391-07-6]
- Spence's Guide to South Carolina : diving, 639 shipwrecks (1520–1813), saltwater sport fishing, recreational shrimping, crabbing, oystering, clamming, saltwater aquarium, 136 campgrounds, 281 boat landings by E. Lee Spence, (Nelson Southern Printing, Sullivan's Island, S.C.: Spence, 1976) OCLC: 2846435
- Wreck of the Georgiana, mystery ship of the Confederacy by E. Lee Spence, (Sullivan's Island, S.C. : Shipwreck Press, 1988) OCLC: 50414449
- Shipwrecks of Charleston Harbor by E. Lee Spence (Sullivan's Island, SC : Shipwreck Press, 1980) OCLC: 6908900
- Shipwrecks of the Era of the Revolution : South Carolina & Georgia, 1763-1783 by E. Lee Spence, (Sullivan's Island, SC : Shipwreck Press Inc., 1991) OCLC: 39977318
- Shipwrecks: "the magazine" edited by E Lee Spence, (Sullivan's Island, SC: Shipwreck Press, 1989–1991, Narwhal Press 1995-) OCLC: 20784612
- On This Day(October 25, 1970) StarClique [1]
- Financial Times, London, "First Person: E. Lee Spence," July 19, 2008
References
- ^ BBC Radio World Service Broadcast, "What Lies Beneath" First broadcast Friday 22 August 2008
- ^ Shipwrecks.com - Dr. E. Lee Spence
- ^ Amazon.com author search for E. Lee Spence
- ^ Death's Bright Angel" by William Kerr, photographs by E. Lee Spence
- ^ a b "Diver Lee Spence", by Eugene Warner, Sandlapper magazine, (Columbia, SC), April, 1970, pp. 40-43
- ^ a b "Treasure Diver", by Katherine Hatch, Treasure World, (February–March, 1972), pp. 44, 45
- ^ Ghosts from the Coast, "The Man Who Found the Hunley" by Nancy Roberts, UNC Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-8078-2665-2, pp. 89-94
- ^ Treasures of The Confederate Coast: the "Real Rhett Butler" & Other Revelations, by Dr. E. Lee Spence, (Narwhal Press, Charleston/Miami, 1995), "About the Author" by Charles King, pp. 515-517
- ^ "Diver Thinks he's Found the Hunley", AP Wire story, The State, Columbia, SC, June 14, 1975
- ^ Cover story: "Time Capsule From The Sea", U.S. News & World Report, July 2–9, 2007
- ^ "Cussler ends lawsuit over finding Hunley", The Post & Courier, August 23, 2008, article and 27 Comments
- ^ National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form[dead link]
- ^ Programmatic agreement on management of the wreck of H.L. Hunley
- ^ Treasures of the Confederate Coast: The "Real Rhett Butler" & Other Revelations by Dr. E. Lee Spence, Narwhal Press, Charleston/Miami, 1995, p.54
- ^ NUMA Press Release, May 11, 1995
- ^ Sworn Affidavit on discovery of the Hunley by Dr. E. Lee Spence, submitted to Hunley Commission on February 1, 1997
- ^ Attorney General Charles M. Condon's letter of September 20, 1995, to Spence
- ^ The Hunley: Submarines, Sacrifice & Success in the Civil War by Mark Ragan (Narwhal Press, Charleston/Miami, 1995) p. 213
- ^ H.L. Hunley Fact Sheet
- ^ Governor David Beasley's letter of November 20, 1995, to Spence
- ^ State Senator Glenn F. McConnell's letter of September 21, 1995, to Spence
- ^ "Georgiana Wreck Confirmed", The News & Courier, Charleston, SC, p. 1-D
- ^ Encyclopedia Of Civil War Shipwrecks by W. Craig Gaines, Louisiana State University Press, 2008, pp. 146, 147
- ^ New York Times March 30, 1863,p.4, c.1-2
- ^ History of the Confederate States Navy From its Organization to the Surrender of its Last Vessel, by J. Thomas Scharf, (New York, New York, 1887), p.802
- ^ "Hulks of Confederate Blockade Runners Yield Cargo", New York Times, December 12, 1971, p. 83:3
- ^ Treasures of The Confederate Coast: the "Real Rhett Butler" & Other Revelations, by Dr. E. Lee Spence, (Narwhal Press, Charleston/Miami, 1995), "About the Author" by Charles King, p. 517
- ^ "Ocean Treasure Company Has a Murky History" by Jeff Nesmith, Cox News Service, June 3, 2007
- ^ Cover story: "Treasure" Life magazine, March, 1987
- ^ Cover story: "Milliard-Skatten", Vi Menn magazine (Norway) November, 1989, pp. 4-7
- ^ £600M Gold in Them Thar Holds" The Sun, London, September 16, 1989, p. 11
- ^ Famous Treasure Hunters
- ^ "Newsmakers: Frankly, My Dear, Historian is on Pins and Needles," Los Angeles Times, April 4, 1989, p. 2-A
- ^ Oggi (Italian weekly magazine), 5 dicembre 1994, pp. 38-40
- ^ "The Rhett Butler Connection," Treasure Diver, Volume 1, Number One, pp. 35-40
- ^ "Rhett Butler," La Stampa, Turin, Italy, 18/4/1989, p.5
- ^ Encyclopedia Of Civil War Shipwrecks by W. Craig Gaines, Louisiana State University Press, 2008, pp. 144, 148-151, 152, 155
- ^ Shipwrecks of South Carolina and Georgia : (includes Spence's List, 1520-1865) by E. Lee Spence, Sullivan's Island, S.C. (Sullivan's Island 29482, Sea Research Society, 1984)
- ^ http://www.International Diving Institute.com
External links
Categories:- NRHP articles with dead external links
- 1947 births
- American historians
- American archaeologists
- American book editors
- American non-fiction writers
- American magazine editors
- American photojournalists
- American photographers
- Living people
- Treasure hunters
- Underwater archaeologists
- Underwater photographers
- Underwater divers
- American encyclopedists
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