List of state leaders in 1861

1860 state leaders - Events of 1861 - 1862 state leaders - State leaders by year----

See also:
*List of religious leaders in 1861
*List of colonial governors in 1861

Africa

*Ashanti Confederacy - Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834-1867)
* Buganda - Mutesa I, King of Buganda (1856-1884)
* Bunyoro - Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852-1869)
* Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852-1908)
* Dahomey - Glele, King of Dahomey (1856-1889)
* Ethiopia - Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1855-1868)
* Liberia - Stephen Allen Benson, President of Liberia (1856-1864)
* Rwanda - Kigeli IV, King of Rwanda (1853-1895)
* Sokoto Caliphate
**Caliph - Ahmad bin Atiku, Sokoto Caliph (1859-1866)
**Grand Vizier - Ibrahim Khalilu, Sokoto Grand Vizier (1859-c.1874)
* Zanzibar - Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1856-1870)
*Zulu - Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840-1872)

Asia

* Afghanistan - Dost Mohammad Khan, King of Afghanistan (1843-1863)
* China
** Qing Dynasty
**# - Xianfeng, Emperor of China (1850-1861)
**# - Tongzhi, Emperor of China (1861-1875)
** Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping - Hong Xiuquan, King of Heaven (1851-1864)
* Japan
**Monarch - Kōmei, Emperor of Japan (1846-1867)
**Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Iemochi, Shogun of Japan (1858-1866)
**Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Tai, King of Ryūkyū (1848-11 March 1879)
*Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Cheoljong, King of Joseon (1849-1864)
* Oman - Thuwaini bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1856-1866)

Europe

* Abkhazia - Mikheil, Prince of Abkhazia (1822-1864)
* Belgium
**Monarch - Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831-1865)
**Cabinet Chief - Charles Rogier, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1847-1852, 1857-1868)
* Denmark -
** Monarch - Frederick VII, King of Denmark (1848-1863)
** Prime Minister - Carl Christian Hall, Prime Minister of Denmark (1860-1863)
* France - Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852-1870)
* Italy
** Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy (1861-1878)
**Prime Minister -
**#Conte di Cavour, Prime Minister of Italy (1861)
**#Bettino Ricasoli, Prime Minister of Italy (1861-1862)
* German Confederation - Franz Joseph of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1850-1866)
** Austria - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1848-1916)
** Luxembourg
***Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
***Prime Minister - Victor, Baron de Tornaco, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1860-1867)
** Prussia -
***Monarch -
***# Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (1840-1861)
***# Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861-1888)
***Regent -
***# Prince Wilhelm, Regent of Prussia (1858-1861)
***# "became King"
***Prime Minister - Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Minister-President of Prussia (1858-1862)
** Bavaria - Maximilian II, King of Bavaria (1848-1864)
** Saxony - Johann, King of Saxony (1854-1873)
** Hanover - George, King of Hanover (1851-1866)
** Württemberg - William, King of Württemberg (1816-1864)
*Hungary - Franz Joseph I of Austria, King of Hungary (1848-1916)
* Netherlands
**Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
**Prime Minister -
**#Floris Adriaan van Hall, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1853-1857, 1860-1861)
**#Jacob van Zuylen van Nyevelt, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1861)
**#Schelto van Heemstra, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1861-1862)
*Portugal -
*#Pedro V, King of Portugal (1853-1861)
*#Luis, King of Portugal (1861-1889)
* Romania - Alexander John Cuza, Prince of Romania (1859-1866)
* Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855-1881)
* Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (September 29, 1833-1868)
* Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XV, King of Sweden (1859-1872)
* United Kingdom -
**Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901)
** Prime Minister - Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1859-1865)

Middle East and North Africa

* Egypt - Said, Governor of Egypt (1854-1863)
* Morocco - Mohammed IV, Sultan of Morocco (1859-1873)
* Ottoman Empire
**Monarch -
**# Abd-ul-Mejid, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839-1861)
**# Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861-1876)
**Grand Vizier -
**# Kibrisli Mehmed Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1860-1861)
**# Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1861)
**# Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1861-1863)

North America

*Province of Canada:
*#Sir Edmund Walker Head, Governor of the Province of Canada (1854–1861)
*#The Viscount Monck of Ballytrammon, Governor of the Province of Canada (1861–1867)
*Confederate States of America - Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865)
*Costa Rica - José María Montealegre Fernández, President of Costa Rica (1859–1863)
*Mexico: Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (1861–1863)
* United States of America:
*# James Buchanan, President of the United States (1857–1861)
*# Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States (1861–1865)

Oceania

* Hawaii - Kamehameha IV, King of Hawaii (1854-1863)
* Samoa - Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860-1880)
* Tonga - Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845-1893)

outh America

* Argentina
*#Santiago Derqui, President of Argentina (1860-1861)
*#Juan Esteban Pedernera, President of Argentina (1861)

* Bolivia
*#José María Linares Lizarazu, President of Bolivia (1857-1861)
*#José María Achá Valiente, President of Bolivia (1861-1864)

*Brazil - Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil (1831-1889)
* Chile
*#Manuel Montt Torres, President of Chile (1851-1861)
*#José Joaquín Pérez Mascayano, President of Chile (1861-1871)
* Ecuador - Gabriel García Moreno, President of Ecuador (1859-1865)

* Grenadine Confederation
*#Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President of Grenadine Confederation (1858-1861)
*#Julio Arboleda, President of Grenadine Confederation (1861-1862)
* Paraguay - Carlos Antonio López, President of Paraguay (1844-1862)

* Peru - Ramón Castilla, President of Peru (1855-1862)
*Uruguay - Bernardo Berro, President of Uruguay (1860-1864)
* Venezuela
*#Manuel Felipe Tovar, President of Venezuela (1859-1861)
*#Pedro Gual, President of Venezuela (1861)
*#José Antonio Páez, President of Venezuela (1861-1863)