Drawing board

Drawing board
A 19th century architect at the drawing board

A drawing board (also drawing table, drafting table or architect's table) is, in its antique form, a kind of multipurpose desk which can be used for any kind of drawing, writing or impromptu sketching on a large sheet of paper or for reading a large format book or other oversized document or for drafting precise technical illustrations. The drawing table used to be a frequent companion to a pedestal desk in a gentleman's study or private library, during the preindustrial and early industrial era.

During the Industrial Revolution draftsmanship gradually became a specialized trade and drawing tables slowly moved out of the libraries and offices of most gentlemen. They became more utilitarian and were built of steel and plastic instead of fine woods and brass.

More recently engineers and draftsmen use the drawing board for making and modifying drawings on paper with ink or pencil. Different drawing instruments (set square, protractor, etc.) are used on it to draw parallel, perpendicular or oblique lines. There are instruments for drawing circles, arcs, other curves and symbols too (compass, French curve, stencil, etc). However, with the gradual introduction of computer aided drafting and design (CADD or CAD) in the last decades of the 20th century and the first of the 21st century, the drawing board is becoming less common.

A drawing table is also sometimes called a mechanical desk because, for several centuries, most mechanical desks were drawing tables. Unlike the gadgety mechanical desks of the second part of the 18th century, however, the mechanical parts of drawing tables were usually limited to notches, ratchets, and perhaps a few simple gears, or levers or cogs to elevate and incline the working surface.

Very often a drawing table could look like a writing table or even a pedestal desk when the working surface was set at the horizontal and the height adjusted to 29 inches, in order to use it as a "normal" desk. The only giveaway was usually a lip on one of the sides of the desktop. This lip or edge stopped paper or books from sliding when the surface was given an angle. It was also sometimes used to hold writing implements. When the working surface was extended at its full height, a drawing table could be used as a standing desk.

Many reproductions have been made and are still being produced of drawing tables, copying the period styles they were originally made in during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Contents

Modern-day idiom

The expression "back to the drawing board" is used when a plan or course of action is unsuccessful and needs to be changed, often drastically; e.g., "The battle plan, the result of months of conferences, failed because the enemy retreated too far back. It was back to the drawing board for the army captains."

The phrase was coined in the caption to a Peter Arno cartoon of The New Yorker of March 1, 1941 (cartoon)

Contemporary drafting tables

A drawing board with drafting machine, eliminating the need for a T-square
A modern drafting table with a parallel motion rule

Despite the prevalence of computer aided drafting, many older architects and even some structural designers still rely on paper and pencil graphics produced on a drafting table.

Modern drafting tables typically rely on a steel frame. Steel provides as much strength as the old oak drafting table frames and much easier portability. Typically the drafting board surface is a thick sheet of compressed fiberboard with sheets of formica laminated to all its surfaces. The drafting board surface is usually secured to the frame by screws which can easily be removed for drafting table transportation.

The steel frame allows mechanical linkages to be installed that control both the height and angle of the drafting board surface. Typically, a single foot pedal is used to control a clutch which clamps the board in the desired position. A heavy counterweight full of lead shot is installed in the steel linkage so that if the pedal is accidentally released, the drafting board will not spring into the upright position and injure the user. Drafting table linkages and clutches have to be maintained to ensure that this safety mechanism counterbalances the weight of the table surface.

The drafting table surface is usually covered with a thin vinyl sheet called a board cover. This provides an optimum surface for pen and pencil drafting. It allows compasses and dividers to be used without damaging the wooden surface of the board. A board cover must be frequently cleaned to prevent graphite buildup from making new drawings dirty. At the bottom edge of the table, a single strip of aluminum or steel may serve as a place to rest drafting pencils. More purpose-built trays are also used which hold pencils even while the board is being adjusted.

Various types of drafting machine may be attached to the board surface to assist the draftsperson or artist. Parallel rules often span the entire width of the board and are so named because they remain parallel to the top edge of the board as they are moved up and down. Drafting machines use precalibrated scales and built in protractors to allow accurate drawing measurement.

Some drafting tables incorporate electric motors to provide the up and down and angle adjustment of the drafting table surface. These tables are at least as heavy as the original oak and brass drafting tables and so sacrifice portability for the convenience of pushbutton table adjustment.

See also

External links


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Look at other dictionaries:

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  • drawing board — n. a flat, smooth board on which paper, canvas, etc. is fastened for making drawings back to the drawing board Informal back to the beginning or to the planning stage for a fresh approach or to find out what went wrong on the drawing board in the …   English World dictionary

  • drawing board — drawing ,board noun count a large board or table on which designers put their paper when they are working (go) back to the drawing board to try to think of a completely new idea because the one you tried before was not successful …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • drawing board — noun a smooth board on which paper is placed for making drawings (Freq. 1) • Syn: ↑drafting board • Hypernyms: ↑board * * * noun, pl ⋯ boards 1 [count] : a large flat board that is used for holding paper for drawing; also : ↑ …   Useful english dictionary

  • drawing board — 1. a rectangular board on which paper is placed or mounted for drawing or drafting. 2. back to the drawing board, back to the original or an earlier stage of planning or development: Our plan didn t work out, so it s back to the drawing board. 3 …   Universalium

  • drawing board — UK / US noun [countable] Word forms drawing board : singular drawing board plural drawing boards a large board or table that designers put their paper on when they are working • (go) back to the drawing board to try to think of a completely new… …   English dictionary

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  • drawing board — /ˈdrɔɪŋ bɔd/ (say droyng bawd) noun 1. a rectangular board to which paper can be affixed for drawing on. –phrase 2. back to the drawing board, back to the basic essentials; back to the planning stage. 3. on the drawing board, in preparation …  

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