Madras sauce

A pack of madras curry

Madras curry or Madras sauce is a fairly hot curry sauce^[1], red in color and with heavy use of chili powder.

Origins

Madras curry is said to originate from the south of India and gets its name from the city of Madras now known as Chennai, when English merchants arrived there in 1640. ^[2] However, the name 'Madras Curry' is not used in India, but was invented by restaurants in Britain. ^[3]

This curry can be vegetarian or made with meat. It has its origins in Hindu culture and thus authentic recipes are vegetarian.

Variations

There are many variations on Madras curry^[4][5] and cooking in India is more a domestic practice than a cuisine governed by the conventions of chefs, restaurants, or texts. Availability of local or locally available ingredients is central to regional Indian foods. The end result of the signatures of Madras curries can be achieved through different means; the result often being that of: red colour; toasty spices; and the smoothness of coconut (or yoghurt); the sour-sweet fruitiness of tamarind; a slight liquorice flavour of anise; ginger; a range of other spices (sweet and savoury and earthy) and the flavours of salt, sweet and sour. The redness is achieved with chilli or a mixture of chilli and paprika, and the orange of turmeric. A possible variation, to achieve an end result of redness, is also the addition of the fruity-savoury flavours of tomato. The sourness is from the tamarind with the possible addition of lemon, lime or vinegar. The spices are complementary to the fruit and the savoury flavours. The savoury ingredients include garlic (and possibly also onion or asafoetida). The oil may be ghee or coconut oil. Garam masala may be part of the spice mixture with other spices including coriander, and black peppercorns.

Common ingredients may also include fresh curry leaves, and the final addition of fresh coriander.

The variations include the roasting of many of the spices including dried chillis, coriander seed, aniseed, cumin and cinnamon. This can be done in an oven for 10 minutes at 180^o C, or in a frying pan with no oil at low heat. A basic spice mix for Madras curry can be made when these dried roasted ingredients are ground in a mortar and pestle or coffee grinder and mixed with turmeric and stored in readiness for use.

Variations are also related to means of storage. The primary spice ingredients can be stored as; roasted dried ground powder; a paste of dried ingredients with vinegar; an oil spice infusion.

If meat is used it may be kid goat, lamb, beef, or chicken. When made of kid or lamb it is called Gosht (or Ghoust) Madras. The meat makes the curry slightly more creamy.

Accompaniments

Common accompaniments to Madras curry include raita and fresh coriander. The food of southern India is more likely to have rice as the main carbohydrate than any breads e.g. naan. Individual households will express their own traditions.

Other common variations will include brown mustard seeds which are fried till they pop, black pepper corns (a local tropical product) and vinegar as the acidulant instead of, or with, the acid fruits.

Production

The dried roasted spices may be cooked in ghee or coconut oil and then other major fresh ingredients such as garlic, coconut (milk and also meat) and ginger are added with the vegetables and or meat. The sweet and sour ingredients such as tamarind and lemon juice or vinegar are added with the coconut milk. Finally the fresh coriander is added immediately prior to serving.

Yoghurt is also a common variation - it adds sweetness, sourness and a smooth thickness which are all signatures of this curry.

Other variations may include the use of cloves, bay leaves, fenugreek and allspice.

References

1. ^ "History of Curry". Surrey County Council, England. http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/sccwebsite/sccwspages.nsf/LookupWebPagesByTITLE_RTF/History+of+Curry?opendocument. Retrieved September 24, 2011. 
2. ^ "The Origins of 'Curry'". Curry, Spice & All Things Nice by Peter and Colleen Grove. http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/curryhistory.html. Retrieved September 24, 2011. 
3. ^ "Compendium of Food Terms. Madras". http://theflavoursofhistory.com/appendix9more2.htm. Retrieved September 24, 2011. 
4. ^ "Lamb madras with chapatis". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/lambmadraswithchapat_93782. Retrieved September 24, 2011. 
5. ^ "Madras Lamb Curry - Mutton Madras". http://indianfood.about.com/od/lambdishes/r/madraslambcurry.htm. Retrieved September 24, 2011.