List of state leaders in 1816

1815 state leaders - Events of 1816 - 1817 state leaders - State leaders by year

See also: List of religious leaders in 1816, List of colonial governors in 1816----

Africa

*Ashanti Confederacy - Osei Bonsu, Asantehene (1804-1824)
* Buganda - Kamaya, King of Buganda (1814-1836)
* Bunyoro - Nyamutukura Kyebambe III, Omukama of Bunyoro (1786-1835))
* Burundi - Ntare IV Rugamba, King of Burundi (1796-1852)
* Dahomey - Adandozan, King of Dahomey (1797-1818)
* Ethiopia - Egwale Seyon, Emperor of Ethiopia (1801-1818)
**Shewa - Sahle Selassie, Negus (1813-1847)
*Fulani Empire - Muhammed Bello, Fulani Sultan (1814-1837)
* Mayotte - Suhali bin Salim, Sultan of Mayotte (1807-1817)
* Ndzuwani -
*#Alawi bin Husain, Sultan of Ndzuwani (1796-1816)
*#Abdallah bin Alawi, Sultan of Ndzuwani (1816-1832)
* Rwanda - Yuhi III, Mwami of Rwanda (1797-1830)
* Swaziland - King Sobhuza I (1815-1836? 1939?)
*Zulu -
*# Senzangakona, King of the Zulu (1781-1816)
*# Shaka, King of the Zulu (1816-1828}

Americas

* Argentina - Ignacio Álvarez Thomas (1815-Apr. 16, 1816), Antonio González Balcarce (to Jul. 9), Juan Martín de Pueyrredón (to 1819), Supreme Directors of Argentina
* Brazil -
**Monarch -
**# Maria I, Queen of Brazil (1815-1816)
**# João VI, King of Brazil (1816-1822, regent for incapacitated queen, 1815-1816)
**Principal Minister - Fernando José de Portugal e Castro, Principal Minister of Brazil (1808-1817)
* Kingdom of Haiti (North) - Henri I, King of Haiti (1806-1820)
* Republic of Haiti (South) - Alexandre Pétion, President of Haiti (1807-1818)
*Miskito Nation - George Frederic Augustus I, King of the Miskito Nation (1801-1824)
* "'New Spain
**Viceroys -
**#Felix María Calleja del Rey (1813-1816)
**#Juan Ruiz de Apodaca (1816-1821)
* Paraguay - José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Supreme Dictator of Paraguay (1814-1840)
* United Provinces of New Grenada - Presidents of New Grenada:
**Camilo Torres Tenorio (1815-Mar. 14, 1816)
**José Fernández Madrid (to Jun. 22)
**Liborio Mejía (to Jun. 30); acting
**Custodio García Rovira (to Jul. 10)
**Manuel Fernando Serrano (last ruler)
* United States - James Madison, President of the United States (1809-1817)
**See also Fourteenth United States Congress, List of United States Governors in 1816
* Venezuela - Simón Bolívar, Supreme Chief of Venezuela (1816-1819)

Asia

* Abkhazia - Safar Begi, Prince of Abkhazia (1810-1821)
* Afghanistan - Mahmud Shah, King of Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, and Peshawar (1809-1818)
* Awa - Bodawphaya, King of Awa (1782-1819)
* Azerbaijan - Existed as various cities/districts, with the rest under Russia's control:
**Nakhichevan - Karim Khan Kangarli?, Khan of Nakhichevan
**Karabakh - Mahdi Quli Khan Muzaffar, Khan of Karabakh (1806-1822)
**Quba - Husayn Khan, Khan of Quba (1806-1816)
**Shakki - Isma'il Khan, Khan of Shakki (1815-1819)
**Shamakha - Mustafa Khan, Khan of Shamakha (1796-1820)
* Bhutan - Jigme Dragpa II, Spiritual Ruler of Bhutan (1791-1830); Sonam Drugyal, Ruler of Bhutan (1815-1819)
* Brunei - Muhammad Khanzul Alam, Sultan of Brunei (1807-1828)
* Burma - Bodawpaya, King of Ava (1782-1819)
* Cambodia - Ang Chan II, King of Cambodia (1813-1834)
* China (Qing Dynasty) - Jiaqing, Emperor of China (1796-1820)
* Japan
**Monarch - Kokaku, Emperor of Japan (1780-1817)
**Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Ienari, Shogun of Japan (1786-1837)
**Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Kō, King of Ryūkyū (1804-1828)
* Kokand Khanate - 'Umar Khan, Khan of Kokand (1811-1822)
*Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Sunjo, King of Joseon (1800-1834)
* Laos - Anuvong, King of Laos (1803-1828)
* Maldives - Mu'in ad-Din I Muhammad, Sultan of the Maldives (1799-1835)
* Mogul Empire - Mo'in ad-Din Abu'n Nasr Mohammad Akbar Padshah Saheb Qiran-e Sani, Mughal Emperor (1806-1837)
* Nepal -
**King - Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah Deva (1799-Nov. 20, 1816)
**King - Rajendra Bikram Shah Deva (until 1847)
**Regent - Lalit Tripura Sundari (1806-1832)
**Prime Minister - Bhimsen Thapa (1806-1837)
**British Resident - Edward Gardner (1816-1829)
* Persian Empire - Fath Ali Qajar, Shah of Persia (1797-1834)
* Tibet - De-mo sPrul-sku Blo-bzang-thub-bstan-'jigs-med-rgya-mtsho, Regent Dalai Lama of Tibet (1815-1819)
* Thailand - Buddha Loetla, King of Krung Thep (1809-1824)
* Vietnam - Nguyen Phuoc Noan, Emperor of Vietnam (1802-1820)

Australia and Oceania

* Fiji - Naulivou, Ruler of Fiji (1803-1829)
* Society Islands - Pomare II, Ruler of the Society Islands (1815-1821)
* Niue-Fekai - Unknown

Europe

* Andorra -
** Bishop of Urgell -
**# Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros, Bishop of Urgel (1797-1816)
**# "Temporarily vacant (1816-1817)"
** Louis XVIII, King of France (1815-1824)

*Athos - Kyrillos VI, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (1813-1818)
* Austria - Franz I, Emperor of Austria (1804-1835)
* Croatia - Ignjat Gyulay Maros-Nemeth, Ban of Croatia (1806-1831)
* Denmark
** Monarch - Frederick VI, King of Denmark (1808-1839)
** Prime Minister - Joachim Godske, Minister of State of Denmark (1814-1818)
**See also Colonial governors in 1816
* Finland - Alexander I, Grand Duke of Finland (1809-1825)
* France
**Monarch - Louis XVIII, King of France (1815-1824)
**Prime Minister - Duc de Richelieu, Prime Minister of France (1815-1818)
***See also Colonial governors in 1816
*German Confederation - Emperor Franz I of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1815-1835)
** Austria - Franz I, Emperor of Austria (1792*-1835) *Note: Leader of Austria held the title of Archduke prior to 1804
**Bohemia - Franz, King of Bohemia (1792-1835)
** Prussia -
***Monarch - Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia (1797-1840)
***Chief Minister - Prince Karl August von Hardenberg, Chief Minister of Prussia (1810-1822)
**Also see List of German rulers in 1816
* Guastalla - Maria Luigia, Duchess of Guastalla (1814-1847)
*Hungary - Francis, King of Hungary (1792-1835)
* Lucca - Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca (1817-1824)
* Massa and Carrara - Maria Beatrice Riccarda III, Duchess of Massa and Princess of Carrara (1814-1829)
* Modena - Francesco IV, Duke of Modena and Reggio (1814-1831)
*Moldavia - Scarlat Callimachi, Vovoid of Moldavia (1812-1819)
* Monaco - Honoré IV, Prince of Monaco (1814-1819)
*Montenegro - Petar I Petrović Njegoš, Prince-Bishop of Montenegro (1782-1830)
* Naples - Ferdinand IV, King of Naples (1815-1816, then King of the Two Sicilies)
* Netherlands - William I, King of the Netherlands (1815-1840)
**See also Colonial governors in 1816
* Norway - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Kingdom of Sweden-Norway
**Monarch - Carl III, King of Norway (1814-1818)
**Viceroy - Crown Prince Carl Johan (Bernadotte), Crown Prince of Norway (1814 and 1816)
**Governor -
**#Hans Henrik von Essen, Governor of Norway (1814-1816)
**#Carl Carlsson Mörner, Governor of Norway (1816-1818)
* Ottoman Empire - Mahmud II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808-1839)
* Papal States - Pope Pius VII (1800-1823)
* Parma - Maria Luigia, Duchess of Parma and Piacenza (1814-1847)
* Piedmont-Sardinia - Victor Emmanuel I, King of Sardinia (1802-1821)
* Poland - Alexander I, King of Poland (1815-1825)
* Portugal -
*# Maria I Francisca, Queen of Portugal (1777-Mar. 20, 1816)
*# John VI, King of Portugal (1816-1826)
**See also Colonial governors in 1816
* Prussia -
**Monarch - Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia (1797-1840)
**Chief Minister - Karl August von Hardenberg, Chancellor of Prussia (1810-1822)
* Russia - Alexander I, Tsar of Russia (1801-1825)
* San Marino - Francesco Maria Belluzzi and Filippo Filippi (Oct. 1815 - Apr. 1816), Camillo Bonelli and Pietro Berti (Apr. 1816 - Oct. 1816), Luigi Giannini and Matteo Martelli (Oct. 1816 - Apr. 1817), Captains-Regent of San Marino
* Serbia - Milos Obrenovic I, Prince of Serbia (1815-1839); technically unofficial
* Sicily - Ferdinand III, King of Sicily (1759-1816, then King of the Two Sicilies)
* Spain - Fernando VII, King of Spain (1808, 1813-1833)
**See also Colonial governors in 1816
* Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway -
**Monarch - Charles XIII, King of Sweden (1809-1818)
**Regent - Charles John, Crown Prince of Sweden (1810-1818)
***See also Colonial governors in 1816
* Switzerland - Hans von Reinhard, President of the Diet of the Swiss Confederation (1816)
* Tuscany - Ferdinando III, Grand Duke of Tuscny (1814-1824)
*Two Sicilies - Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies (1816-1825) (from 1759 King Ferdinand IV of Naples and King Ferdinand III of Sicily)
* United Kingdom
** Monarch - George III, King of the United Kingdom (1760-1820)
** Regent - The Prince of Wales, Regent of the United Kingdom (1811-1820)
** Prime Minister - The Earl of Liverpool, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1812-1827)
* Wallachia - Jean Georges Caradja, Prince of Wallachia (1812-1818)

Middle East and North Africa

* Abu Dhabi -
*# Shakhbut bin Dhiyab, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1793-1816)
*# Muhammad bin Shakhbut, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1816-1818)
* Algeria "(under nominal Ottoman suzerainty)" - Omar Agha, Dey of Algiers (1815-1817)
* Bahrain - Shiekh Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah, Ruler of Bahrain (1796-1825)
* Egypt - Muhammad Ali Pasha, Governor of Egypt (1805-1848)
**Kel Ahaggar - Ag Mama ag Sidi, Ruler of Kel Ahaggar (1790-1830)
* Kuwait - Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah, Ruler of Kuwait (1814-1859)
* Lebanon - Bashir ibn al-Qasim ibn Umar, Emir of Lebanon (1801-1821)
* Morocco - Slimane, Sultan of Morocco (1792-1822)
* Oman - Sa'id II ibn Sultan, Sultan of Oman (1804-1856)
* Ottoman Empire
**Monarch - Mahmud II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808-1839)
**Grand Vizier - Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1815-1818)
*Persia - Fath Ali Shah Qajar, King of Persia (1797-1834)
*Tripoli - Yusuf ibn Ali Karamanli, Pasha of Tripoli (1795-1832)
* Tunis "(under Ottoman suzerainty)" - Mahmud, Bey of Tunis (1814-1824)