John Henry Baker

Infobox Officeholder

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image_size = 150px
name = John Henry Baker, III
caption = John Henry Baker (ca. 1979)
office=Franklin Parish Police Jury (or county commission)
term_start=1968
term_end=1972
birth_date = birth date and age |1934|10|20
birth_place = Greenville, Washington County, Mississippi, USA
residence=flagicon|Louisiana Franklin Parish, Louisiana
death_date =
death_place =
spouse= (1) Melba Jo Thomas (born 1941), divorced
(2) Divorced
(3) Linda Rae Martin Baker
children= One child from first marriage
occupation = Farmer; Businessman
party= Republican candidate for Louisiana State Senate (1972) and state Elections Commissioner (1979); member, Franklin Parish Board of Elections
religion=Methodist

John Henry Baker, III (born October 20, 1934), is a semiretired farmer and landowner from Franklin Parish in northeastern Louisiana who was active in the rebirth of the Republican Party in his state during the 1970s and 1980s. Baker was his party's nominee for the District 22 seat in the Louisiana State Senate in 1972 and for the former position of state elections commissioner in 1979. He was the first to propose the abolition of the commissioner's post (originally called the "custodian of voting machines") with the return of the duties to the secretary of state. Baker's proposal was finally adopted a quarter of a century later in 2004.

Early years, education, farming

Baker was born in Greenville, Washington County, Mississippi, to John Henry Baker, II, and the former Cecilia Myers. He grew up in a rural area near Delhi, which is located in neighboring Richland Parish, but the Baker property is in northern Franklin Parish.

As a teenager, Baker left the area to attend Marion Military Institute in Marion, Alabama. He thereafter served in the U.S. Air Force from 1955-1958, between the Korean and Vietnam wars. After his military duties ended, Baker returned to farming. He is Methodist.

Baker has been twice divorced. He is married to his third wife, the former Linda Rae Martin. He has a child and grandchild from the first marriage to the former Melba Jo Thomas (born 1941).

Franklin Parish Police Jury

In 1968, Baker, at thirty-three, was elected as a Democrat to the Franklin Parish Police Jury (equivalent of county commission in most states). He won his primary, then equivalent to election, by only nineteen votes. In February 1969, he switched to the Republican Party (GOP) and set forth to build a competitive two-party system in his region and state.

Baker has been the Franklin Parish Republican chairman intermittently since the 1970s.

Running for the state Senate

In the winter of 1971–1972, Baker ran for the state Senate against the 31-year-old Democratic nominee, James H. "Jim" Brown (born 1940), a graduate of Tulane University in New Orleans. Brown at the time was a politically ambitious lawyer in Ferriday in Concordia Parish, located along the Mississippi River across from Natchez, Mississippi. Besides Franklin and Concordia, the district included Catahoula (Jonesville) and Tensas (St. Joseph and Newellton) parishes. The outgoing senator was J.C. "Sonny" Gilbert of Sicily Island in Catahoula Parish. Gilbert ran successfully for the state House that year; after he left the legislature, he switched to Republican affiliation.

Brown was an easy winner in the general election, 17,151 votes (64.1 percent) to Baker's 9,587 (35.9 percent). Baker had been the first Republican ever to contest the 32nd District seat. With the boundaries altered, the district for the first time elected a Republican state senator on November 17, 2007, when GOP businessman Neil Riser of Columbia, the seat of Caldwell Parish defeated the Democratic candidate Bryant Hammett, Jr., of Ferriday. The Senate seat was vacated by the term-limited Noble Ellington of Winnsboro, who returned to the Louisiana House after a 12-year absence.

Running for constitutional convention delegate

In August 1972, five months after he lost the state Senate race, Baker ran in the nonpartisan race for delegate to the state constitutional convention. The convention was held in Baton Rouge in 1973. It adopted a new constitution, which voters approved in a special election held in the spring of 1974.

Baker filed for delegate in the state legislative district for Franklin and Tensas parishes. He was defeated by Democratic state Representative Lantz Womack (1914-1998) of Winnsboro. As a young man, Womack had played baseball for the former Winnsboro Red Sox at a time when many small towns had their own teams. Baker's father organized two Winnsboro teams, one for whites and the other for African American players. Womack, a businessman and farmer, was first elected to the House seat from Franklin Parish House in a special election in 1958, and he held the seat until 1976. In his last reelection on February 1, 1972, Womack polled 67 percent of the vote against the Republican nominee, Terry Clingan (1918-2007), a since retired barber from Mangham in Richland Parish and later from Baskin, a village in Franklin Parish. Coincidentally, Womack was once a bookkeeper for the Bakers.

Challenging Jerry Fowler

In 1979, Baker announced that he would challenge the Democrat Jerry Marston Fowler, then a Natchitoches businessman, in the race for elections commissioner. Fowler (born 1940) was seeking to succeed his ailing father, Wiley Douglas Fowler, Sr., the former Red River Parish clerk of court and one-time Coushatta mayor. Fowler had been appointed to the post by the late Governor Earl Kemp Long, after Long had quarreled with Secretary of State Wade O. Martin, Jr., by procuring legislative consent to remove the elections office from the domain of the secretary of state. Douglas Fowler was then elected to his first full term in 1960 and then reelected with minimal opposition in 1964, 1968, 1972, and 1976. (The primaries for the three latter elections were actually held late in 1967, 1971, and 1975.) To Louisiana voters, the name "Fowler" became synonymous with the management of elections -- the two won a total of ten consecutive elections.

"Abolish the office"

Baker ran for elections commissioner, basing his campaign on abolishing the "useless" office, which then had a salary of $37,400 per year, and returning its duties to the secretary of state, where they had been before Earl Long punished Martin, who had continued to be reelected secretary of state until his retirement in 1976.

Ironically, what Baker was proposing would have worked to the advantage of Baker's former rival, state Senator Jim Brown, who would be elected secretary of state in the same 1979 election. When Baker offered his proposal to abolish the very office for which he was seeking election, he began to make headway. He won a student mock poll at Louisiana State University at Alexandria and several other colleges as well as the endorsements of "good government" groups and most of the state's newspapers. The liberal New Orleans Times-Picayune did not "endorse" Baker, however, but "recommended" his idea of abolishing the office.

Baker polled 175,017 votes in the jungle primary, just enough to enter the 1979 general election against Jerry Fowler, who had been a former professional football player and a former educator. Baker and Republican gubernatorial candidate David C. Treen, then of Jefferson Parish, were the first Louisiana Republicans to win statewide general election slots since the implementation of the jungle primary law in 1975. (The law did not take effect for congressional elections until 1978, and it will end for those elections in 2008.)

In the second round of balloting, Fowler polled 762,324 votes (62.8 percent) to Baker's 452,189 (37.2 percent). Baker won 68.1 percent in his own Franklin Parish, which Treen lost to the Democrat Louis Lambert of Baton Rouge. Baker won 55.8 percent and 51.2 percent in his neighboring Richland and Ouachita parishes, respectively. He polled 49.1 percent in Caddo Parish (Shreveport) and ran nearly as well in Calcasieu Parish (Lake Charles), where he had the support of former state Representative and state Senator Robert G. "Bob" Jones, the stockbroker son of former Governor Sam Houston Jones.

Like his father, Jerry Fowler was also elected commissioner five times: 1979, 1983, 1987, 1991, and 1995. In 1999, however, he finished in third place in the primary after bribery allegations surfaced. He would later serve a prison sentence. The post was then won by the only Republican who ever held it, Suzanne Haik Terrell.

In 2004, more than four decades after Long's death, the elections division was hence returned to its original administrative home. Baker never received political credit for his "good government" proposal from 1979. Instead, it was left to Commissioner Terrell to implement Baker's longstanding proposal.

Board of Election Supervisors

In 1980, Governor Treen appointed Baker to the Louisiana Athletic Commission, since renamed the Louisiana State Boxing and Wrestling Commission. That same year, Baker was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in Detroit, which first nominated the Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush ticket.

As of 2008, Baker was still a member of the Franklin Parish Board of Election Supervisors by virtue of his being the parish Republican chairman.

References

* "Baton Rouge State-Times", December 22, 1979
* "Shreveport Journal", October 11, 1979
* "Alexandria Daily Town Talk", November 10, 1979
* www.legis.state.la.us/archive/2005/1397.pdf
* Members of the Louisiana House of Represenatatives since 1880, Baton Rouge: Secretary of State
* http://ssdi.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/ssdi.cgi
* http://www400.sos.louisiana.gov:8090/cgibin/?rqstyp=elcms3&rqsdta=111707
* http://www.mulhearnfuneralhome.com/obituary.aspx?MemberId=34803&MName=Mr.%20Terry%20%20%20Clingan

Persondata
NAME = Baker, John Henry, III
ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
SHORT DESCRIPTION = Farmer and landowner active in American Republican Party rebirth
DATE OF BIRTH = October 20, 1934
PLACE OF BIRTH = Greenville, Mississippi
DATE OF DEATH =
PLACE OF DEATH =