White bass

White bass
White
white bass
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Moronidae
Genus: Morone
Species: M. chrysops
Binomial name
Morone chrysops
(Rafinesque, 1820)

The white bass or sand bass (MoroneIt is the state fish of Oklahoma.

Contents

Range

White bass are distributed widely across the United States, particularly in the midwest. They are very abundant in Pennsylvania and the area around Lake Erie. Some native ranges of the white bass are the Arkansas River, Lake Erie near Cleveland, Ohio, and Lake Poinsett in South Dakota [1] White bass have also been found in rivers that flow to the Mississippi. Native to many northern habitats, they have been introduced in many different waters around the United States, particularly in southern locations. They were also successfully introduced to Manitoba starting in the 1960's, where they have gained importance as a sport fish.

Physical description

The species' main color is silver-white to pale green. Its back is dark, with white sides and belly, and with narrow dark stripes running lengthwise on the sides. It has large, rough scales and two dorsal fins. Because the vertebrae don't extend into the tail, the white bass has what is called a homocercal tail. The body is deep and compressed laterally.[2] The white bass is a deep-bodied fish with a compressed body and it has two dorsal fins. The more anterior dorsal fin is much harder and appears to have spines on them. Although these are not true spines, this type of fin is called a spinous ray. The more posterior of the two dorsal fins is much softer, and is thus called a soft-ray. The average adult fish ranges from 15 to 20 inches in length, and usually weighs from 2 to 4 pounds, though larger ones are sometimes taken. Conventional panfish tackle or fly fishing tackle is used in angling the white bass. The fish tend to move in schools and prefer to swim in clear water. Because the dorsal and ventral portions of the its tail angle inward toward a point to create a clear angle, the tail is said to be notched.

Diet

White bass are carnivores. They have four main taxa in their diet: calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, daphnia, and leptodora.[3] They are visual feeders. When not frightened, they will bite readily at live bait such as worms and minnows. Only the largest fish will feed on other fish, and as the summer season progresses, there is an overall trend towards eating fewer fish.[3] Fish that are able to accumulate lipids over the summer are better able to survive cold winters. When looking at midwestern white bass, particularly in South Dakota, diet overlap occurrs between the bass and the walleye. As seasons progress through the summer and fall, the amount of diet overlap decreases as a result of both fish increasing in length.[4]

Habitat

White bass are found in deep, clears waters. White bass often travel in schools, chasing baitfish in the open waters of lakes and large rivers. They inhabit large reservoirs and rivers. When mating in the spring, they are more often found in shallow rivers, creeks, and streams.[5] White bass are found in high densities in the upstream segment of rivers. This portion of the river becomes the most degraded, as there are a number of different kinds of fish that live in this segment as well.[6]

Reproduction

The spawning season for the white bass is mid-March to late May. The optimal water temperatures are 12 to 20 degrees Celsius. They are known to find their home spawning ground even if it's moved to a different part of the same lake.[7] They like to spawn in moving water in a tributary stream, but they will spawn in windswept lake shores.[7] They spawn during daylight. Females release 242,000 to 933,000 eggs which stick to the surface of objects.[7] Eggs are laid in clear, relatively shallow water on plants, submerged logs, gravel, or rocks.[8] The parents move to deeper water and do not care for the young fish. The young fish live in shallow water for a while until they move to deeper water.[7]

When trying to find a female with whom to mate, males will bump against a female's abdominal area. The female will then rise closer to the surface and begin spinning and releasing eggs. Several males who have stayed in the area will be able to fertilize the eggs the female releases.[9]

Human importance and conservation

Fishermen have been known to fish from the shore, wade into rivers, or use small boats when it is possible. The best lures and baits to use include live minnows as well as different colored twister tails.[10] There is no daily bag or size limit for the white bass[dubious – discuss], but in certain states white bass caught by angling can not be sold.

References

  1. ^ "Biology of White Bass in Eastern South Dakota Glacial Lakes". North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22 (2): 627–636. May 2002. 
  2. ^ "Temperate Basses". Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. http://www.fish.state.pa.us/pafish/fishhtms/chap21.htm. Retrieved 26 April 2011. 
  3. ^ a b "The influence of diet, consumption, and lipid use on recruitment of white bass". Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management 9 (2): 133–141. June 2004. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=964e4c75-df52-4292-8a4d-daacbb3a5864%40sessionmgr14&vid=1&hid=10&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=keh&AN=14079011. Retrieved 26 April 2011. 
  4. ^ "Biology of White Bass in Eastern South Dakota Glacial Lakes". North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22 (2): 627–636. 2002. 
  5. ^ "Texas Weekend Angler". http://texasweekendangler.com/texas_freshwater_fish.htm. Retrieved 3 May 2011. 
  6. ^ "Macrohabitat associations of fishes in shallow waters of the Detroit River". Journal of Fish Biology 76 (3): 446–466. Feb. 2010. 
  7. ^ a b c d University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute; February 2, 2006; Retrieved June 5, 2008
  8. ^ "Texas Freshwater Fishes". http://www.bio.txstate.edu/~tbonner/txfishes/morone%20chrysops.htm. Retrieved 3 May 2011. 
  9. ^ Assessment of Balon’s reproductive guilds with application to Midwestern North American Freshwater Fishes. CRC Press. 1999. ISBN 9780849340079. 
  10. ^ "White Bass Fishing Forecast for 2011". Ohio Department of Natural Resources. http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/FishingSubhomePage/FishingProspectsandReports/fishingfreportwhitebassprospects/tabid/23337/Default.aspx. 
  • Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Morone chrysops" in FishBase. March 2006 version.
  • Ellis, Jack (1993). The Sunfishes-A Fly Fishing Journey of Discovery. Bennington, VT: Abenaki Publishers, Inc.. ISBN 0-936644-17-6. 
  • Rice, F. Philip (1964). America's Favorite Fishing-A Complete Guide to Angling for Panfish. New York: Harper Row. 
  • Rice, F. Philip (1984). Panfishing. New York: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-943822-25-4. 

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • White bass — White White (hw[imac]t), a. [Compar. {Whiter} (hw[imac]t [ e]r); superl. {Whitest}.] [OE. whit, AS. hw[imac]t; akin to OFries. and OS. hw[=i]t, D. wit, G. weiss, OHG. w[=i]z, hw[=i]z, Icel. hv[=i]tr, Sw. hvit, Dan. hvid, Goth. hweits, Lith.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • white bass — ☆ white bass [bas ] n. a silvery, striped, North American, freshwater food and game bass (Morone chrysops) of the same family (Percichthyidae) as striped bass …   English World dictionary

  • white bass — white′ bass′ [[t]bæs[/t]] n. ich a silvery freshwater sea bass, Morone chrysops, of the Great Lakes and Mississippi River drainage • Etymology: 1805–15 …   From formal English to slang

  • white bass — noun 1. : a No. American freshwater food fish (Lepibema chrysops) that is abundant in the region of the Great Lakes and upper Mississippi and very similar to the yellow bass but shorter and more compressed 2. : white perch 1 * * * /bas/ an edible …   Useful english dictionary

  • white bass — baltasis dryžasis ešerys statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: lot. Morone chrysops angl. silver bass; white bass; white lake bass rus. белый американский окунь ryšiai: platesnis terminas – dryžieji ešeriai …   Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

  • white bass — baltoji krapė statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: lot. Pomoxis annularis angl. silver bass; white bass; white crappie rus. белый краппи ryšiai: platesnis terminas – krapės …   Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

  • white bass — /bas/ an edible freshwater fish, Morone chrysops, of the Great Lakes and Mississippi River drainage, silvery with yellow below and having the sides streaked with blackish lines. Also called silver bass. [1805 15, Amer.] * * * …   Universalium

  • white bass — noun Date: 1813 a North American freshwater bony fish (Morone chrysops of the family Percichthyidae) that is used for food …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • White — (hw[imac]t), a. [Compar. {Whiter} (hw[imac]t [ e]r); superl. {Whitest}.] [OE. whit, AS. hw[imac]t; akin to OFries. and OS. hw[=i]t, D. wit, G. weiss, OHG. w[=i]z, hw[=i]z, Icel. hv[=i]tr, Sw. hvit, Dan. hvid, Goth. hweits, Lith. szveisti, to make …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • White alder — White White (hw[imac]t), a. [Compar. {Whiter} (hw[imac]t [ e]r); superl. {Whitest}.] [OE. whit, AS. hw[imac]t; akin to OFries. and OS. hw[=i]t, D. wit, G. weiss, OHG. w[=i]z, hw[=i]z, Icel. hv[=i]tr, Sw. hvit, Dan. hvid, Goth. hweits, Lith.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

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