Frank Murphy

Infobox Judge
name = Frank Murphy


imagesize =
caption =
office = Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
termstart = February 5 1940
termend = July 19 1949
nominator = Franklin Delano Roosevelt
appointer =
predecessor = Pierce Butler
successor = Tom C. Clark
order2 =56^th
office2 = United States Attorney General
termstart2 = January 2, 1939
termend2 = January 18, 1940
predecessor2 =Homer S. Cummings
successor2 =Robert H. Jackson
order4= 35^th
office4= Governor of Michigan
term_start4= January 1, 1937
term_end4= January 1, 1939
lieutenant4= Leo J. Nowicki
predecessor4= Frank Fitzgerald
successor4= Frank Fitzgerald
birthdate = birth date|1890|4|13|mf=y
birthplace = Harbor Beach, Michigan
deathdate = death date and age |1949|07|19|1890|04|13
deathplace = Detroit, Michigan
spouse = none
party=Democratic
religion= Roman Catholic

William Francis (Frank) Murphy (April 13, 1890ndash July 19, 1949) was a politician and jurist from Michigan. He served asFirst Assistant U.S. District Attorney, Eastern Michigan District (1920-23), Recorder's Court Judge, Detroit (1923-30). Mayor of Detroit (1930–33), the last Governor-General of the Philippines (1933-35), U.S. High Commissioner of the Philippines (1935–36), Governor of Michigan (1937-39), United States Attorney General (1939–40), and United States Supreme Court Associate Justice (1940–49).

Early life

Frank Murphy was born in Harbor Beach in 1890 to Irish parents, John T. Murphy and Mary Brennan, [ [http://www.nndb.com/people/360/000167856/ NNDB, Frank Murphy.] ] who raised him as a devout Catholic. [ [http://www.michbar.org/journal/article.cfm?articleID=42&volumeID=6 Article: Michigan Lawyers in History-Justice Frank Murphy, Michigan’s Leading Citizen ] ] He followed in his father’s footsteps by becoming a lawyer. He attended the University of Michigan Law School, where he was a member of the senior society Michigamua. He graduated with a BA in 1912 and LLB in 1914. [http://www.law.umich.edu/newsandinfo/lqn/pasteditions/winter2005/Documents/murphy.pdf University of Michigan Law Quadrangle Notes on Frank Murphy.] ] This was a combined literary and law course, a program in which students would first earn a baccalaureate degree in liberal arts and then proceed to the study of law. Murphy was stricken with Diphtheria in the winter of 1911 but was allowed to begin his course in the Law Department, from which he received his LL.B. degree in 1914. He performed graduate work at Lincoln's Inn in London and Trinity College, Dublin, which was said to be formative for his judicial philosophy. In particular, he developed a need to decide cases based on his more holistic notions of justice, eschewing technical legal arguments. As one commentator wrote of his later supreme court service, he 'tempered justice with Murphy.' [http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/murphy_frank.html A short biography of Frank Murphy.] ]

He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, achieved the rank of Captain with the Occupation Army in Germany and left the service in 1919.

After leaving the service, Murphy opened a private law office in Detroit, and soon became the Chief Assistant United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan. He opened the first civil rights section of a U.S. Attorney office.

He taught at the University of Detroit for five years.

Frank Murphy served as a Judge in the Detroit Recorder's Court from 1923 to 1930, and made many administative reforms in the operations of the court:
*Detroit's growing "car culture" was accommodated by his assistance in creating an independent Traffic Court;
*He established a professional, nonpolitical probation department as an arm of the court, so that probation could be better aimed at social service and rehabilitation; and
*He helped create a bond bureau as part of the court's operations, so that pretrial release would be more evenly available to rich and poor alike. [ [http://www.michbar.org/journal/article.cfm?articleID=42&volumeID=6 Mavea, Gary, Michigan Lawyers in History--Justice Frank Murphy, Michigan’s Leading Citizen, "Michigan Bar Journal".] ] "See generally," Bail bondsman.

While on Recorder's Court, he established a reputation as a trial judge. He was presiding judge in the famous (and racially-charged) murder trials of Dr. Ossian Sweet and his brother, Henry Sweet, in 1925 and 1926, where Clarence Darrow was counsel for the defense. [Boyle, Kevin, "" (Henry Holt & Company, New York: 2004) (National Book Award Winner).] After an initial mistrial of all of the black defendants, Henry Sweet—who admitted he fired the weapon that killed a member of the mob surrounding Dr. Sweet's home and was retried separately—was acquitted by an all white jury. The prosecution then elected to not prosecute any of the remaining defendants. Judge Murphy's rulings were material to the outcome of the case. [ [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/sweet/chargetojury.html Judge Frank Murphy's charge to the jury, People vs. Sweet, Famous American Trials, University of Missouri, Kansas City] ]

Politics

In 1930, Murphy ran as a Democrat and was elected Mayor of Detroit. He served from 1930 to 1933. In 1933, as Mayor he convened in Detroit and organized the first convention of the United States Conference of Mayors —- they met and conferred with President Franklin Roosevelt -— and Murphy was elected its first president. [ [http://usmayors.org/uscm/search/googlesearch2.html?cx=005847641447462338878%3Av_h-uyitptk&cof=FORID%3A11&q=Frank+Murphy&sa=Search#1021 U.S. Conference of Mayors on Frank Murphy] ] As a mayor and a governor, he believed in efficient and good government, not just more government. [ "Id."]

He helped the unemployed during the Great Depression and was also a supporter of President Roosevelt and the New Deal. In fact, his principal biographer noted that "he was a new dealer even before there was a New Deal." [cite book
title=Frank Murphy
author=Sidney Fine
year=1984
publisher=University of Michigan Press
isbn=0472329499
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ecbzqNewkcIC&pg=PA226&lpg=PA226&dq=%22New+dealer+before+there+was+a+New+Deal%22&source=web&ots=3D1AjSf2WP&sig=YHGovUtRqBynJm8Zbem7nN1-Hjg&hl=en]

In 1933, Roosevelt appointed Murphy as the Governor-General of the Philippines. In January 1935, a Philippine military camp which would later serve as the headquarters of the country's armed forces was named after him. It was later renamed Camp Aguinaldo after the Philippines' first president. When his position as Governor-General was abolished in 1935, he stayed on as the United States High Commissioner until 1936. That year he served as a delegate from the Philippine Islands to the Democratic National Convention which re-nominated President Roosevelt for a second term.

Murphy was elected Governor of Michigan on November 3, 1936, defeating Republican incumbent Frank Fitzgerald, and served one two-year term. During his two years in office, an unemployment compensation system was instituted. Mental health programs were also improved.

The United Automobile Workers engaged in an historic sit down strike in General Motors Flint plant. The Flint Sit-Down Strike was a turning point in national collective bargaining and labor policy. Importantly, during the sit down strike, the governor brought out the national guard, but refused to order the troops to suppress it. [ [http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=115&CFID=10878005&CFTOKEN=54778416 Detroit News on the Flint UAW/GM sitdown strike.] ] Then Governor Murphy successfully mediated an agreement and an end to the confrontation; G.M. recognized the U.A.W. as bargaining agent. This had an incalculable effect upon the fortunes of organized labor and institutionally recognized its legitimacy. [ [http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=115&category=business Detroit News, Rearview Mirror, "The Sitdown strike at General Motors".] ] In the next year the UAW saw its membership grow from 30,000 to 500,000 members. As later noted by the British Broadcasting System, this strike was "the strike heard round the world." ["Detroit Free Press", Flint Sitdown strike end anniversary, February 10, 2008.]

In 1938, Murphy was defeated by his predecessor, Fitzgerald, becoming the only governor from Michigan to succeed and precede the same person.

His success as Michigan governor and U.S. Attorney General led "Time Magazine" to talk of him as the Democratic presidential or vice presidential candidate in 1940. [ [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,931301,00.html Time Magazine on 1940 election] ]

Melvin G. Holli wrote extensively about Frank Murphy in "The American Mayor: The Best & The Worst Big-City Leaders", and rated him an exemplary mayor (one of the best) and highly effective leader, who brought together the right skills and strategies to deal with the opportunities and challenges presented. Murphy is noted as being one of the foremost examples of compounding his success as a big city mayor to a highly productive leap into national politics and office. [Holli, Melvin G. "The American Mayor: The Best & The Worst Big-City Leaders." (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.) ISBN 978-0-271-01877-5; ISBN 0-271-01876-3.] [ [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=26785931291193 Charles Kolb, Review of "The American Mayor"] ]

In 1939, President Roosevelt appointed Murphy as his Attorney General. He served one year, and established the first civil rights section in that department. [http://www.oyez.org/justices/frank_murphy/ Oyez: U.S. Supreme Court media on Frank Murphy] ]

He was involved in a public and widespread crusade against organized crime syndicates, including the formidable Thomas Pendergast in Kansas City, Missouri (and other political racketeers). Under his administration, the United States Department of Justice in Detroit indicted 16 alleged Communists and fellow travelers for having recruited volunteers for the Abraham Lincoln Brigade supporting Spanish Republican forces against Franco and the Nationalists. This earned Murphy censure from liberals. While being outwardly aggressive as Attorney General, the internal administrative accomplishments of Murphy's administration are reportedly mixed—he brought with him his cohorts from Michigan and demoralized professionals in the Department of Justice—and he reluctantly accepted a promotion to Associate Supreme Court Justice. He was replaced in the Attorney General's position by Robert H. Jackson. One writer counted him as a far better supreme court justice than he was an attorney general. [ [http://www.stjohns.edu/media/3/0ff1ac2d1d54420cb2e56273a371a12e.pdf Barrett, John Q., Politicians, Attorneys General, Justices, and Parallels (2007)] ]

upreme Court service

After a year as Attorney General, in 1940 President Roosevelt nominated Murphy to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. The timing of the appointment put Justice Murphy on the cusp of the Hughes [ [http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_history/02_c11.html Supreme Court Historical Society on Hughes Court.] ] and the Stone courts. [ [http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_history/02_c12.html Supreme Court Historical Society on Stone Court.] ] Upon the death of Chief Justice Harlan Fiske Stone, Murphy then served in the court led by Frederick Moore Vinson, who was confirmed in 1946. [ [http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_history/02_c13.html Suprreme Court Historical Society on Vinson Court.] ]

Justice Murphy took an expansive view of individual liberties, and the limitations on government he found in the Bill of Rights. ["See generally", Norris, Harold., "Mr. Justice Murphy and the Bill of Rights". (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1965).]

On the Court, Murphy was a voice for protection of individual rights. John P. Frank, in "The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions", called him the Supreme Court's "most consistent voice for kindness, tolerance and humanity.". [Frank, John P., "The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions" (Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel, editors) ISBN 0791013774, ISBN 978-0791013779]

*In particular, he was a consistent, vocal and recognized champion of First Amendment rights to free speech and freedom of expression. [ [http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/analysis.aspx?id=17800 Hudson, David L. Jr., "Frank Murphy: 'champion of First Amendment freedoms'," First Amendment Center.] ]

*Despite being expansive in his view of free speech, Justice Murphy wrote for the court a recognition that there are limits in the use of so-called 'fighting words.' In Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, ussc|315|568|1942 a case involving "insulting or fighting' words . . . are no essential part of any exposition of ideas" and therefore are not protected under the First Amendment. ["See" Sullivan, Harold J. (2005). "Civil Rights and Liberties: Provocative Questions and Evolving Answers. 2nd ed". N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2005 at 24. [http://www.helium.com/items/632373-should-protected-under-first Banning the "N word" slur for African-Americans: A good intention butts against free speech".] ]

*Among Murphy's most famous dissenting opinions was in the case of Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944), [ [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=323&invol=214 Full text of Korematsu v. Uniterd States opinion courtesy of Findlaw.com.] ] in which he charged that by upholding the forced relocation of Japanese-Americans during World War II the Court was sinking into "the ugly abyss of racism." This was the first time that the word "racism" found its way into the lexicon of words used in Supreme Court opinion (he used it twice in a concurring opinion in Steele v. Louisville & Nashville R. Co. 323 U.S. 192 (1944) issued that same day). [ [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=323&invol=192 Steele v. Louisville, full text of the opinion courtesy of Findlaw.com.] ] He would use that word in five separate opinions. However the word "racism" disappeared with Murphy and from the court for almost two decades, not reappearing until the landmark (and ironically-named) decision of Loving v. Virginia, ussc|388|1|1967 [ [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-30274716_ITM Lopez, Ian F. Haney, "A nation of minorities": race, ethnicity, and reactionary colorblindness, Stanford Law Review, 01-FEB-07.] ] which struck down as unconstitutional the Virginia anti-miscegenation statute. See also Jim Crow laws.

*Mr. Justice Murphy wrote the opinion of the court in Thornhill v. Alabama, 310 U.S. 88 (1940), which overturned the Alabama law that forbade all forms of labor picketing. Picketing was protected under the First Amendment as a form of free speech: He wrote: "In the circumstances of our times the dissemination of information concerning the facts of a labor dispute must be regarded as within that area of free discussion that is guaranteed by the Constitution . . . Labor relations are not matters of mere local or private concern. Free discussion concerning the conditions in industry and the causes of labor disputes appears to us indispensable to the effective and intelligent use of the processes of popular government to shape the destiny of modern industrial society."

*In Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25 (1949) he wrote in important dissent (and a concurring opinion with Justice Rutledge) on the issue of the exclusionary rule as a sanction for Fourth Amendment search and seizure violations. He brought to bear his perspective and experience as a trial judge and prosecutor. This dissent was ultimately adopted by the Supreme Court 22 years later in the landmark decision in Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961). [ [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=367&page=643 367 U.S. 643] Full text of opinion in Mapp v. Ohio courtesy of Findlaw.com.]

*In Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158 (1944), [ [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=321&page=158 321 U.S. 158] Full text of the opinion in Price v. Massachusetts courtesy of Findlaw.com.] his fierce dissent declared: "Religious freedom is too sacred a right to be restricted or prohibited in any degree without convincing proof that a legitimate interest of the state is in grave danger."

*During World War II, Murphy supported individual's First Amendment rights, even as patriotism and nationalism became increasingly fervent. Some state governments passed laws requiring children to salute the flag and pledge allegiance each morning in school. Some religious groups protested these compulsory acts of patriotism. They argued their religion forbade their worship of secular images. Murphy voted with the majority to strike down such a law in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, ussc|319|624|1943, 63 S.Ct. 1178, 87 L.Ed. 1628. In doing this about face from his earlier concurrence in Minersville School District v. Gobitis ussc|310|586|1940, [ [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=310&invol=586 Full text of the opinion in Minersville School District v. Gobitis courtesy of Findlaw.com.] ] Justice Murphy believed he had rectified an unfortunate and mistaken decision made when he was new to the court.

Justice Murphy authored 199 opinions: 131 majority; 68 in dissent. [http://www.michbar.org/journal/article.cfm?articleID=42&volumeID=6 Gary Mavea, Michigan Lawyers in History--Justice Frank Murphy, Michigan’s Leading Citizen, Michigan Bar Journal.] ] Other important majority opinions were: Industrial Commission v. McCartin, 330 U.S. 622 (1947) (which seeks to harmonize policy problems of workers' rights, workers' compensation in two different states, and their interaction with the Full Faith and Credit Clause, Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution); [ [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=330&invol=622&friend=nytimes Industrial Commission v. McCartin full text opinion.] ] and Trupiano v. United States, 334 U.S. 699 (1948) [ [http://vlex.us/vid/20016089 Trupiano v United States full text opinion.] ] which concerns the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. An important dissent not yet mentioned is in Jones v. City of Opelika, 316 U.S. 584 (1942), [ [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=316&page=584 316 U.S. 584] Full text of Jones v. City of Opelika opinion courtesy of Findlaw.com.] [ [http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/courts/supreme/judges/fm-bio.html Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals biography of Frank Murphy.] ]

Opinions differ about him and his jurisprudential philosophy. He has been acclaimed as a legal scholar and a champion of the common man.. Justice Felix Frankfurter disparagingly nicknamed Murphy "the Saint", criticizing his decisions as being rooted more in passion than reason. One of Justice Murphy's biographers called him a "priestly jurist" and "narcissistic." [ [http://www.michaelariens.com/ConLaw/justices/murphy.htm Michael Lariens on Frank Murphy.] ] It is generally agreed that he principally made his greatest mark by being a liberal counterpoint to the court in his separate concurring and dissenting opinions. [ [http://www.oyez.org/justices/frank_murphy/ Oyez: U.S. Supreme Court media on Frank Murphy.] ]

According to Justice Frankfurter, Murphy was part of the more liberal "Axis" of justices on the Court, along with Justices Rutledge, Douglas, and Black; the group would for years oppose Frankfurter's judicially-restrained ideology. [Ball, Howard. Hugo L. Black: Cold Steel Warrior. Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 0-19-507814-4. Page 14.] Douglas, Murphy, and then Rutledge were the first justices to agree with Hugo Black's notion that the Fourteenth Amendment incorporated the Bill of Rights protection into it; this view would later become law. [Ball, Howard. Hugo L. Black: Cold Steel Warrior. Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 0-19-507814-4. Pages 212-213.]

Frank Murphy was one of eleven Catholic justicesndash out of 108 total through the appointment of Justice Samuel Alito and Chief Justice John Robertsndash in the history of the Supreme Court. [ [http://www.adherents.com/adh_sc.html Religious affiliation of Supreme Court justices] ]

Even though he was serving on the Supreme Court during World War II, he still longed to be part of the war effort. Consequently, during recesses of the Court, he served In Fort Benning, Georgia as an infantry officer.

Death and legacy

*Murphy died at age of fifty-nine of a heart attack during his sleep at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. His death was mourned by many. [cite news
author=
title=Death of an Apostle
date=1949-08-01
work=Time Magazine
url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,794891,00.html
accessdate=2008-08-14] He is interred at Our Lady of Lake Huron Cemetery of Harbor Beach, Michigan. Over 10,000 people attended his funeral in Detroit. He was never married.

*The Frank Murphy Hall of Justice, named for him, was formerly home to Detroit's Recorder's Court and now houses part of Michigan's Third Judicial Circuit Court. There is a plaque in his honor on the first floor, which is recognized as a Michigan Legal Milestone. [http://www.michbar.org/programs/milestones.cfm Michigan Legal Milestones.] ]

*Outside the Frank Murphy Hall of Justice is a Carl Milles's statue (one of his last) called "The Hand of God". [http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=39&CFID=6667146&CFTOKEN=45521831 Carl Milles sculptures, Detroit News.] ] This rendition was cast in honor of Frank Murphy. It features a nude figure emerging from the left hand of God. Although commissioned in 1949 and completed by 1953, the work, partly because of the male nudity involved, [ [http://www.3106.net/img/milles02.jpgPhotograph of Carl Milles' "The Hand of God", evidencing why it was put on top of a 24 foot spire.] ] was kept in storage for over a decade and a half. [ Lidén, Elisabeth, "Between Waters and Heaven: Carl Milles -Search for American Commissions", Almquist & Wiksell International, Stockholm, Sweden, 1986] It was placed on a pedestal in 1970 with the help of sculptor Marshall Fredericks, who was a Milles' student. The statue was commissioned by the United Automobile Workers [ [http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=165&CFID=9996651&CFTOKEN=10972844 Monumental Sculptures of Detroit, including photograph of "The Hand of God", Detroit News] ] and was paid for by individual members [ [http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!298872!0 Art Inventory, "The Hand of God" by Carl Milles.] ] or UAW locals, . depending upon which source you want to credit.

*Murphy's personal and official files are archived at the Bentley Historical Library of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and are open for research. This also includes an oral history project about Frank Murphy. [ [http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu/F/?func=find-b&find_code=WRD&local_base=bent_pub&request=Frank+Murphy Bentley Historical Library.] ] However, his correspondence and other official documents are deposited in more than 40 libraries around the country. [ [http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/Courts/supreme/judges/fm-lop.html List of repositories of Murphy papers. Note: this list does not mention the Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library (Central Michigan University); not does it mention a number of other sources otherwise referenced in this article.] ]

*In memory of Justice Murphy, the only University of Michigan alumnus to become a U.S. Supreme Court justice, Washington D.C.-based attorney John H. Pickering (who clerked for Murphy and offered some insight into his thought process) donated a large sum to the law school as a remembrance, establishing the Frank Murphy Seminar Room. In passing, it should be recalled that Frank Murphy was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Law degree by the University of Michigan in 1939. [cite book
title=Frank Murphy
author=Sidney Fine
year=1984
publisher=University of Michigan Press
isbn=0472329499
url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ecbzqNewkcIC&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=frank+murphy+school&source=web&ots=3D1CnMe3TQ&sig=TWd5s2RZKwOiD__pnMh7h7fLGbg&hl=en]

*His old law office is the Frank Murphy Memorial Museum in downtown Harbor Beach, Michigan. [ [http://harborbeachchamber.com/attraction.html Harbor Beach attractions] ] His home is there, too. [ [http://harborbeachchamber.com/murphy.html Murphy home and office.] ]

*He is memorialized in three official Michigan Historical Markers:
** The Flint Sit-Down
** Frank Murphy
** Dr. Ossian Sweet / Home [ [http://www.michmarkers.com/Frameset.htm Michigan Historical Markers] ]

*The State Bar of Michigan has memorialized Frank Murphy in three locations for "Michigan Legal Milestones", namely:
**Ossian Sweet Murder trial at the Frank Murphy Hall of Justice;
**Justice Murphy authored the 1948 Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Co. decision, which was an important Supreme Court labor law decision interpreting the Fair Labor Standards Act, which arose out of a case involving employee working time. It is located at the Riverfront Gazebo by the Municipal Building in Mount Clemens. It was dedicated on September 1, 1994.
**Murphy's Dissent in Korematsu v. United States, protesting the decision to uphold exclusion orders imposed upon persons of Japanese descent during World War II. The plaque was dedicated and placed in front of the Frank Murphy home in Harbor Beach on August 16, 1996.

*The University of Detroit has a "Frank Murphy Honor Society." [ [http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/Courts/district%20court/MI/EDMI/judges/jac-bio.html Frank Murphy Honor Society, University of Detroit honors Judge Julian Cook.] ]

*"The Sweet Trials: Malice Aforethought" is a play written by Arthur Beer, based on the trials of Ossian and Henry Sweet, and derived from Kevin Boyle's "Arc of Justice". [ [http://sweettrials.udmercy.edu/sweet_trial_play.htm The Sweet Trials: University of Detroit Mercy] ]

*The Detroit Public Schools named Frank Murphy School in his honor. It is at 23901 Fenkell in the City of Detroit. [ [http://www.google.com/search?q=Frank+Murphy+School&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_en___US231 Frank Murphy School.] ]

*Frank Murphy's professional motto was: "Speak softly and hit hard."

*According to one biographer, Murphy's ruling principle in his life was said to be: "I should like to belong to that small company of public servants and others who are content to do some of the homely and modest task of perfecting integrity in government and making government more efficient and orderly." [ [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5229/is_2003/ai_n19148943 Encyclopedia of biography.] ]

Bibliography and further reading

* [http://www.hourdetroit.com/Hour-Detroit/September-2008/Frank-Murpheys-Law/ Bak, Richard , "(Frank) Murphy's Law", "Hour Detroit", September, 2008.]
*Boyle, Kevin, "" (Henry Holt & Company, New York: 2004). (National Book Award Winner) ISBN 0805079335; ISBN 978-0805079333.
*Fine, Sidney, "Frank Murphy in World War I". (Ann Arbor: Michigan Historical Collections, 1968) Photos, 44 pp.
*Fine, Sidney, "Frank Murphy: The Detroit Years". (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1975) 618 pages. ISBN 0472329499.
*Fine, Sidney, "Frank Murphy: The New Deal Years". (University of Chicago Press: 1979) ISBN 0226249344; ISBN 9780226249346; ISBN 0226658716.
*Fine, Sidney, "Frank Murphy. Volume 3, The Washington Years" (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1984) ISBN 0472100467.
*Fine, Sidney, "Frank Murphy. 3 vols." (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1975-1984).
*Fine, Sidney, "Sit-down: The General Motors Strike of 1936-1937". (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1969). ISBN 9780472329489; ISBN 0472329480; ISBN 039511778X.
*Frank, John P., "The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions" (Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel, editors) (Chelsea House Publishers: 1995) ISBN 0791013774, ISBN 978-0791013779.
*Holli, Melvin G., "The American Mayor: The Best & The Worst Big-City Leaders." (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.) xi + 210 pp. Photographs, appendices, notes, and index. ISBN 978-0-271-01877-5; ISBN 0-271-01876-3.
*Howard, J. Woodford, Jr., "Mr. Justice Murphy: A Political Biography" (Princeton University Press: 1968).
* [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-30274716_ITM Lopez, Ian F. Haney, "A nation of minorities: race, ethnicity, and reactionary colorblindness", Stanford Law Review, February 1, 2007.]
*Nawrocki, Dennis Alan, "Art in Detroit Public Places", (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1980). pg. 63, biographical material on Frank Murphy.
*Norris, Harold, "Mr. Justice Murphy and the Bill of Rights". (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1965). [ [http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/Courts/supreme/judges/fm-lop.html Harold Norris's papers, including drafts of his book, are on deposit with the Walter Reuther Library at Wayne State University.] ]
*Ossian Sweet Murder Trial Scrapbook, 1925. Scrapbook and photocopy of the Nov. 1925 murder trial of Ossian Sweet. Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University. [ [http://clarke.cmich.edu/africanamericanhistoryresources/manuscriptmaterial.htm Clarke Historical Library manuscript (Central Michigan University) Scrapbook of Sweet Murder Trial.] ]
*St. Antoine, Theodore J., "Justice Frank Murphy and American labor law". Michigan Law Review, June 1, 2002.
*Toms, Robert, Speech on the Sweet murder trials upon retirement of the prosecuting attorney in 1960, Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University. [ [http://clarke.cmich.edu/africanamericanhistoryresources/manuscriptmaterial.htm Clarke Historical Library manuscript, Robert Toms speeches.] ]
* Vine, Phyllis. "One Man's Castle: Clarence Darrow in Defense of the American Dream." (New York: Amistad, 2005). ISBN 9780066214153.

References

External links and additional references

* [http://www.hourdetroit.com/Hour-Detroit/September-2008/Frank-Murpheys-Law/ Bak, Richard , "(Frank) Murphy's Law", "Hour Detroit", September, 2008.]
*"The Detroit News", [http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=115&category=business Rearview Mirror, "The Historic 1936-37 Flint Auto Plant Strike"] .
*findagrave|5711 Retrieved on 2008-02-10
* [http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/f/frank_murphy.html Frank Murphy quotationsndash a few.]
* [http://www.michaelariens.com/ConLaw/justices/murphy.htm Lariens, Michael on Frank Murphy]
* [http://www.michbar.org/journal/article.cfm?articleID=42&volumeID=6 Mavea, Gary, Michigan Lawyers in History--Justice Frank Murphy, Michigan’s Leading Citizen, "Michigan Bar Journal".]
* [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/sweet/sweet.html The Sweet Trials home page, Famous American Trials, University of Missouri, Kansas City.]
* [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-30274716_ITM Lopez, Ian F. Haney, "A nation of minorities": race, ethnicity, and reactionary colorblindness, Stanford Law Review, February 1, 2007.]
* [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murphy3.html#REQ0X247E Political Graveyard]
* [http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=5f5ce8569a313010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=4b18f074f0d9ff00VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD National Governors' Association, Frank Murphy Biography.] *
* [http://www.oyez.org/justices/frank_murphy/ Oyez: U.S. Supreme Court media on Frank Murphy]
* [http://sweettrials.udmercy.edu/index.html The Sweet Trials] U-D Mercy.
*cite news
author=
title=Death of an Apostle
date=1949-08-01
work=Time Magazine
url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,794891,00.html
accessdate=2008-08-14
* [http://www.law.umich.edu/newsandinfo/lqn/pasteditions/winter2005/Documents/murphy.pdf University of Michigan Law Quadrangle Notes on Frank Murphy.]
*United States Conference of Mayors [http://usmayors.org/uscm/search/googlesearch2.html?cx=005847641447462338878%3Av_h-uyitptk&cof=FORID%3A11&q=Frank+Murphy&sa=Search#1021 on Frank Murphy]
*United States Department of Justice [http://www.usdoj.gov/jmd/ls/agbiographies.htm#murphy,Biographies of U.S. Attorneys General, Frank Murphy.]

ee also

*Administrative Procedure Act
*Adamson v. California
*Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Co.
*Cesar Bengzon
*Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire
*Communications Act of 1934
*Edwards v. California
*Ex parte Endo
*Ex parte Quirin
*Follett v. Town of McCormick
*Francis v. Resweber
*Franklin D. Roosevelt
*George A. Malcolm
*Hugo Black
*Japanese American Internment
*Jim Crow laws
*Jones v. City of Opelika
*Korematsu v. United States
*List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
*List of United States Chief Justices by time in office
*List of University of Michigan law and government alumni
*Masaharu Homma
*Minersville School District v. Gobitis
*Oyama v. California
*Prince v. Massachusetts
*Robert H. Jackson
*Stanley Forman Reed
*Thornhill v. Alabama
*Tomoyuki Yamashita
*United Auto Workers
*West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
*Wolf v. Colorado
*Yakus v. United States