Hossein Derakhshan

Hossein Derakhshan
Hossein Derakhshan

Hossein Derakhshan (Persian: حسين درخشان; born January 7, 1975), also known as Hoder, is an Iranian blogger. He is credited with starting the blogging revolution in Iran[1] and is called the father of Persian blogging by many journalists.[2] He also helped to promote podcasting in Iran.[3] Derakhshan was arrested on November 1, 2008[4] and sentenced to 19½ years in prison on September 28, 2010.

Contents

Education

Hossein Derakhshan
in Iranian National TV (Seda Va Sima)(1980)

Derakhshan started his education in Nikan School in Tehran. He has a bachelor degree in sociology from Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran. He spent time studying sociology at the University of Toronto.[5] He holds a Masters degree (MA) in Film and Media Studies from SOAS, University of London, 2008.[6][7]

Early journalism

Derakhshan started out as a journalist writing about Internet and digital culture for a popular reformist newspaper, Asr-e Azadegan in 1999. Later, when this paper was closed down by the judiciary system, he moved to another newspaper, Hayat-e No, in which he continued to write about the same topic. His column there was called Panjere-i roo be hayaat (A Window to the Life, a reference to Alfred Hitchcock's Rear Window), and later expanded to a weekly page on digital culture, Internet and computer games.[8]

Blogging advocacy

In December, 2000, Derakhshan moved to Toronto, Canada. On September 25, 2001, he started his weblog in the Persian language, using Unicode. It was titled Sardabir: khodam, or "Editor: Myself".

He later moved his manually maintained weblog to Blogger.com, which was not supporting Unicode at the time. He also prepared a step-by-step guide in Persian[9] on how other Persian writers can start their weblogs using Blogger.com and the Unicode standard.

Derakhshan spoke at the Wikimania 2005 conference in Frankfurt, Germany regarding the complementary use of wikis and blogs to aid political reform and the growth of democracy in Iran and other countries.[10]

On leaving Iran, he was shortly detained and summoned to the Ministry of Intelligence. A few days later he was interrogated by an intelligence official over the content of his blog and was forced to sign an apology before being allowed to leave Iran.[11] But after leaving Iran, he published a report on what happened on his website.

Global Voices Panel of Wikimania at the 2005 conference.

Censorship

His weblog, like some other political Persian blogs and websites, has been blocked (or filtered) by the government in Iran, since 2004.[12][13]

In December 2003, he founded Stop censoring us, a blog to watch the situation of internet censorship in Iran.[14] He's also appeared a few times on a VOA Persian TV show to talk about Internet censorship and methods to get around filters.

Israel visit

Derakhshan visited Israel as a Canadian citizen in January 2006. He stated that he went to Israel as a personal attempt to start a dialogue between Iranian and Israeli people.[15]

This might mean that I won't be able to go back to Iran for a long time, since Iran doesn't recognize Israel, has no diplomatic relations with it, and apparently considers traveling there illegal. Too bad, but I don't care. Fortunately, I'm a citizen of Canada and I have the right to visit any country I want. I'm going to Israel as a citizen journalist and a peace activist. As a citizen journalist, I'm going to show my 20,000 daily Iranian readers what Israel really looks like and how people live there. The Islamic Republic has long portrayed Israel as an evil state, with a consensual political agenda of killing every single man and woman who prays to Allah, including Iranians. I'm going to challenge that image. As a peace activist, I'm going to show the Israelis that the vast majority of Iranians do not identify with Ahmadinejad's rhetoric, despite what it looks like from the outside. I'm going to tell them how any kind of violent action against Iran would only harm the young people who are gradually reforming the system and how the radicals would benefit from such situation.

His visit was covered by some Israeli media, including Haaretz, Jerusalem Post, Ynet News, Ha'ir, Time Out Tel Aviv, Israeli Radio and its Persian service, and Israel's English TV news:

Iran's Nuclear program

In August 2006, he published an article in the Columns & Blogs section of The Washington Post in which he supported Iran to pursue nuclear weapons as a deterrent to possible invasion by global powers, after normalising relations with the U.S. and Israel:[16]

But the events of the past two years – most notably with what's happening in Iraq, along with last year's presidential election and other unfortunate events in the region – has left no doubt in my mind, and in the minds of lots of secular Iranians, that the U.S. is behaving more and more like a reckless imperial force in search of new sources of energy and new markets to expand to economically. Therefore, even if Iran becomes the most peaceful, secular and progressive, yet still independent state on the planet, the U.S. would be unable to tolerate it. The U.S. would seek new excuses to topple Iran's government and install their favorite instead. For this reason, I believe Iran needs to produce nuclear weapons as a defensive mechanism, to deter the U.S. today and the ever-expanding and equally energy-hungry China tomorrow. But making nuclear weapons even for totally defensive purposes is not easy now. Iran could only get away with it by stopping enrichment now, voluntarily normalizing relations with Israel and the U.S., and withdrawing from the NPT. Then it could start making the weapons – secretly or maybe even publicly. It's only then that the world would tolerate a nuclear Iran.

Defending Iran against U.S. attack

Derakhshan wrote in his blog in December 2006: "If the US attacked Iran, despite all my problems with the Islamic Republic, I'd go back and fight these bastards... I can't let myself sit down for a moment and watch them make a Baghdad out of Tehran."[17]

He later published a commentary on The Guardian, titled Stop Bullying Iran, in which he elaborated on his short blog post on why he defends Iran.[18] Some excerpts:

The more the clash between the west and Iran escalates, the more convinced I become that the west's real problem with the Islamic Republic of Iran is not its nuclear activities, its level of democracy, its human rights record, or its support for "terrorist" groups. Pakistan, followed closely by Saudi Arabia, easily beats Iran on all these fronts. The real problem is that the Islamic Republic has decided to be independent in a region saturated with fossil energy resources, and at the same time run by American puppets. Iran has posed the biggest continuous challenge to the American hegemony in the whole world, and so it has to pay a price. Increasingly, a lot of secular Iranians, like myself, are figuring that even if Iran is turned into the most democratic, secular, fair and peaceful state on earth, there is no guarantee the US won't find another excuse to try to overtrow its government. It will start bullying Iran for its "devastating role" in climate change, or animal rights, or - who knows? - for obesity. I'm not saying this as a fervent religious man with sexy Ahmadinejad's posters on my wall. In fact, I am an atheist and this can easily get me into serious trouble in any Islamic country. I did not vote for Ahmadinejad and I would do anything to democratically bring him down. I have also risked my life and future in Iran by becoming the first Iranian after the revolution who has publicly visited Israel. Why? To counter both countries' nasty and demonising propaganda against each other and to save my grandmother, postman or university professor from being compared to Nazi soldiers who must be nuked tomorrow. As a matter of fact, I am even a victim of the paranoid state of Iran that censors criticism and punishes dissent for fear of foreign-backed revolt. (Remember the CIA had commissioned newspaper articles and cartoons to discredit prime minister Mossadeq before bringing his democratically elected government down by a coup in 1953.) My own blog is blocked in Iran and I was detained and forced to sign an apology for my writing before being allowed to leave Iran in 2005. And of course I do have the dream of an open, free, fair and secular Iran, run by competent and representative officials, and in peace with the whole world, obviously including Israel. However, I believe the Islamic Republic is a valuable cause, worth defending and, at its worst, is way better than anything that the United States or anyone else can bring to Iran. If the US waged a war against Iran, I would absolutely go back and defend Iran.

Khalaji vs. Derakhshan defamation lawsuit

In November 2007, Mehdi Khalaji, a fellow at a think-tank called Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP), filed a $2 million libel and defamation lawsuit[19] against Derakhshan, over one of his blog posts[20] in his Persian blog, in which he criticizes Khalaji for his service to the "enemies of his people and humanity".

Earlier in August 2007, Derakhshan's Florida-based hosting company, Hosting Matters, had terminated his hosting account as a result of alleged 'intimidation' by Khalaji.[21]

Arrest and imprisonment since 2008

On November 1, 2008, Derakhshan was arrested at his family home in Tehran.[4] He was allowed four calls to his family, each lasting about one minute, during November.[4]

The arrest became known in English-speaking media during late November, starting with an article published by the anti-censorship group Global Voices Online on November 18.[22] A mainstream media report a few days later, by The Times, claimed that Derakhshan had been accused of spying for Israel.[23] Amnesty International later suggested that he was likely to face accusations of "insulting religion".[4]

On December 30, 2008, Alireza Jamshidi, the speaker of the Judicial system of Iran confirmed Derakhshan's arrest, but did not mention any Israel-related accusations. Jamshidi said that Derakhshan is in the custody of the Islamic Revolutionary Court and his case is in early discovery phase. Jamshidi mentioned that among Derakhshan's accusations is what he had written about the "Pure Imams".[24]

Nineteen Iranian bloggers published a letter "categorically condemn[ing] the circumstances surrounding Derakhshan's arrest and detention and demand[ing] his immediate release".[25] A website "Free the blogfather" was created by supporters of Derakhshan in order to campaign for his freedom.[26] Before an earlier return to Iran in 2005, Derakhshan published recommendations of what to do if he or someone else were arrested in Iran, including requests to "spread the word", to "get the English-language media involved" and to "get the publicity translated [into Persian]" and to "keep it up".[27]

As of late April 2009, the New York Times stated that Derakhshan remained under detention and had not been charged.[28]

However, by late October 2009, approaching the one-year anniversary of his arrest, his family began speaking out to Persian and English-language media. His father, Hassan Derakhshan, most notably released an open letter to the new head of the Iranian Judiciary, Ayatollah Sadeq Larijani. asking for more information about his son's detention.[29]

According to Hossein's brother, Hamed, who lives outside Iran, his parents had a meeting with the new district attorney, who allowed them to have dinner in Evin Prison with their son, Hossein, on Thursday, October 29, 2009. Hamed also confirmed that his parents now know that Hossein is being held in Evin Prison, however the family does not know the next time they will be allowed to see him. Further, at the dinner, Hossein confirmed the Human Rights Activists in Iran reports[30] that claim he had been forced to do squats in cold showers and has been beaten repeatedly. The human rights group wrote:

HRA has received reports which suggest that the blogger, Hossein Derakhshan, who was arrested on Nov. 2, 2008, has spent the first eight months of his detention in solitary confinement and different wards of the Evin prison upon his return to Iran. During that time he has been subjected to various physical and psychological pressure tactics and multiple transfers.
He has been beaten repeatedly and has been forced to do squats in cold showers. His interrogators have threatened to arrest his father and his sister unless he confessed to espionage charges. With the start of the massive arrests after the presidential election, and as result of cell shortages in Evin prison, Derakhshan was transferred to Ward 2A of the IRGC prison, where he shared his cell with newly arrested people.
Derakhshan has been given false promises of his release on multiple occasions: During the Fajr celebrations and Norooz. Despite all the promises he is still being held on a temporary detention order. His detention order has been renewed several times, the last of which expired on October 10th, 2009. Derakhshan reportedly intended to start a hunger strike if his situation remained unchanged after this date. HRA has no information as to whether he has started the hunger strike.
During his detention, Derakhshan has been pressured by his interrogators to collaborate and confess to the charges brought up against him. Last September he was taken to court to sign documents granting permission to his lawyer to represent him. He told the judge that all his confessions had come under pressure. According to the reports received by HRA, Derakhshan had agreed to televised confessions under pressure, but the matter was canceled after one recording.[31]

In a letter to the head of the judiciary asking for Derakhshan's release, Derakhshan's father wrote:

To the Presence of Ayatollah Amoli Larijani, the Respected Head of the Judiciary:
Greetings and respect to you. One year has passed since the day that my son was arrested.
In all these months, days, and hours, my family, my wife and I were hoping that in the arms of Islamic law and the mercy of the Islamic judiciary, Hossein’s case will be dealt with in the way it deserves.
There is no need to mention the numerous times that we refused the requests of foreign media to explain Hossein’s situation.
Even when we heard the worst gossip about his treatment in semi-official media, we were silent and in fact, no government organization has ever denied this worrisome news, not just to calm our very worried hearts down, but at least to respect the independence of judiciary about this case.
During this entire time, our son has had just two short meetings with us for only a few minutes. Please imagine that for every six months we just saw him for very few minutes. We have no information about his legal situation.
No court has been held yet and we don’t even know which institution or security organization Hossein is under the control of. Many times, from many different ways, we tried to get some precision about his situation, but we couldn’t. Does a detainee’s dignified manner deserve such treatment?
Many times, my son admitted in his writings and conversations that he would love to serve his country. And he came back to Iran on his own to answer his accusations. Does such a person who has come back to his country and his beliefs, deserve such a welcome?
Our complaint is not because you are exercising the law, but to the contrary, because of its suspension, lack of information and disrespecting of the law. The accused have rights, the family of the accused has some rights, and we know that the ruler of society has some rights as well, and that rules and regulations are valuable.
We are certain that you’d agree that one year of a brutal arrest of a person who has come voluntarily and on his own to the bosom of Iran and dear Islam, is not an appropriate welcome.
I, my wife and our family are still looking forward to your just treatment.
With respect,
Hassan Derakhshan [31]

Trial in 2010

In March 2010, Derakhshan's mother called on the head of Iran's judiciary to release her son, who had at that point been detained for 500 days without any official charge,[32] for the Iranian New Year, or Norouz. On June 23, 2010, Tehran Revolutionary Court held Hossein Derakhshan’s first trial.[33]

His sister reported that the trial ended in late July, but no word on a verdict was available.[34]

On September 28, Derakhshan was sentenced to 19½ years in prison.[35][36]

December 9, 2010, Derakhshan was temporarily released on a bail of $1.5m (£950,000)[37]

On May 6, 2011, Derakhshan updated his Facebook profile and photos, and added a one line status update of "On a very short leave from Evin".[38][39][40]

References

  1. ^ Perrone, Jane (2003-12-18). "Weblog heaven". London: Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2003/dec/18/weblogs. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  2. ^ ZP Heller (2005-02-22). "Building Blogs". AlterNet. http://www.alternet.org/mediaculture/21316/. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  3. ^ Boyd, Clark (2005-03-06). "Persian blogging round the globe". London: BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4318739.stm. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  4. ^ a b c d "Document - Iran: Incommunicado detention/ fear of torture or other ill-treatment/ possible prisoner of conscience: Hossein Derakhshan (m)". Amnesty International. 2009-12-15. Archived from the original on 2009-04-20. http://www.webcitation.org/5gA5oGJ6C. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  5. ^ "Can a blogger bring political change to Iran?". Magazine.utoronto.ca. http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/05autumn/blogger.asp. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  6. ^ Facing Execution
  7. ^ Q&A: From Samizdat to Blogging: Globalization and New Forms of Political Expression
  8. ^ Anonymous (2005-03-28). "One sample of his columns in Asr-e Azadegan, dated back to 1999". Alighazvini.blogspot.com. http://alighazvini.blogspot.com/2005/03/blog-post_28.html. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  9. ^ Guide to blogging in Persian from hoder.com
  10. ^ link to video file, abstract
  11. ^ Associated Press (2008-08-28). "Associated Press". Wired.com. http://www.wired.com/news/wireservice/0,70522-0.html. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  12. ^ Help Iranians fight Net censorship during the Geneva Summit - hoder.com
  13. ^ King of the Iranian bloggers haaretz.com
  14. ^ stop.censoring.us
  15. ^ Article from his blog
  16. ^ Article from Washington Post[dead link]
  17. ^ Hossein Derakhshan, Between Khamenei and Bush, hoder.com, December 24, 2006
  18. ^ Hossein Derakhshan, Stop bullying Iran, guardian.co.uk/commentisfree, February 23, 2007
  19. ^ http://hoder.com/images/khalaji_court_claim.pdf
  20. ^ E:M | Mehdi Khalaji is the only person on the planet who has indirectly worked for or given advice to both Khamanei's office and Cheney's in less than five years. His recent work for the right-wing American think tanks and his shameful endorsement and help to American Foreign Policy Council's disgusting anti-Iran campaign has made him the filthiest traitor I have ever seen in my life. I love to see his face (and that of similar traitors such as Mohsen sazegara, Ali Afshari and to some degree Akbar Ganji) when the U.S. has no choice but to finally accept that its time in the Middle East has passed. (in Persian)
  21. ^ Sami Ben Gharbia (2007-08-16). "Hossein Derakhshan’s blog is suspended". Global Voices Online. http://www.globalvoicesonline.org/2007/08/16/hossein-derakhshan%E2%80%99s-blog-is-suspended/. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  22. ^ Gharbia, Sami Ben. "Iranian blogger Hossein Derakhshan "arrested" In Tehran". Global Voices Online. http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/2008/11/18/iranian-blogger-hossein-derakhshan-arrested-in-tehran/. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  23. ^ Theodoulou, Michael (2008-11-20). "Iranian 'Blogfather' Hossein Derakhshan is arrested on charge of spying for Israel". London: The Times. Archived from the original on 2009-04-19. http://www.webcitation.org/5g9ySxomE. Retrieved 2009-04-19. 
  24. ^ "The judiciary system confirmed the arrest of Hossein Derakhshan" (in Persian). BBC Persian. 30 December 2008. http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/2008/12/081230_ag_jb_derakhshan.shtml. Retrieved 2008-12-31. 
  25. ^ "Letter in Defense of Hossein Derakhshan (Hoder)". 2008-12-18. http://kamangir.net/2008/12/18/letter-in-defense-of-hossein-derakhshan-hoder/. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  26. ^ "Free the blogfather". StreetReporters and Internet Sans Frontières. http://freetheblogfather.streetreporters.net/. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  27. ^ Derakhshan, Hossein (2005-06-10). "Going home, finally - How to support". Archived from the original on 2009-04-28. http://www.webcitation.org/5gMDEoTgc. Retrieved 2009-04-28. 
  28. ^ Fathi, Nazila (2009-04-19). "Iranian President Asks Court to Reconsider Spy Case". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/20/world/middleeast/20iran.html. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  29. ^ "Hossein Derakhshan’s father writes Ayatollah Larijani, head of Iran’s Judiciary". cyrusfarivar.com. 2009-10-21. http://cyrusfarivar.com/blog/?p=2661. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  30. ^ "Held on an Expired Detention Order, Hossein Derakhshan Story". Hra-iran.net. http://hra-iran.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1911:held-on-an-expired-detention-order-hossein-derakhshan-story&catid=66:304&Itemid=293. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  31. ^ a b Mackey, Robert (2009-10-23). "News of Iran's Detained ‘Blogfather'". The New York Times. http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/10/23/news-of-irans-detained-blogfather/. Retrieved 2010-05-04. 
  32. ^ Blogger detained for 500 days without charge
  33. ^ On trial after 19-month news blackout since arrest
  34. ^ Trial Of Iran's 'Blogfather' Ends, Sentence Still Unknown
  35. ^ "Blogger sentenced in Iran to 19 years". CBC.ca. 28 September 2010. http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2010/09/28/iran-blogger-hossein-prison.html. Retrieved 28 September 2010. 
  36. ^ Verma, Sonia (28 September 2010). "Canadian-Iranian blogger sentenced to 19 years in prison". The Globe and Mail (Toronto). http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/africa-mideast/canadian-iranian-blogger-sentenced-to-19-years-in-prison/article1729730/. Retrieved 28 September 2010. 
  37. ^ "Iran blogger Hossein Derakhshan temporarily released". www.bbc.co.uk. 9 December 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11962032. Retrieved 9 December 2010. 
  38. ^ Mike Butcher (May 6, 2011). "The ‘Father’ of Iranian blogging, jailed for 19 years, reappears on Facebook". TechCrunch Europe. 
  39. ^ Hossein Derakhshan. "Hossein Derakhshan's Facebook profile". http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=515083516. Retrieved May 6, 2011. 
  40. ^ "فعالیت مجدد فیسبوک حسین درخشان [Renewed activity on Hossein Derakhshan's Facebook]" (in Persian). Khodnevis. May 6, 2011. http://www.khodnevis.org/persian/permalink/12583.html. Retrieved May 6, 2011. 

External links

Profiles

Publications


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Hossein Derakhshan — (né le 7 janvier 1975), mieux connu sous le pseudonyme de « Hoder », est un blogueur irano canadien. On considère que c est lui qui a lancé la révolution des blogs en Iran; beaucoup de journalistes l appellent d ailleurs le père du blog …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Hossein Derakhshan — (* 7. Januar 1975) ist ein kanadisch iranischer Blogger und politischer Aktivist. Er gilt als der Vater der iranischen Blogger und Podcastbewegung. Er wurde 2008 von der iranischen Regierung aus politischen Motiven verhaftet und ist zurzeit im …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Hossein Derakhshan — Este artículo está huérfano, pues pocos o ningún artículo enlazan aquí. Por favor, introduce enlaces hacia esta página desde otros artículos relacionados …   Wikipedia Español

  • Mehdi Khalaji — (Persian: مهدی خلجی, (b.1973) is an Iranian American writer, scholar of Islamic studies and political analyst. He has been researching at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy since 2005, and is now a senior research fellow focusing on… …   Wikipedia

  • Rooz — For other uses, see Rooz (disambiguation) Rooz (Persian:روز, literally day ) is a Persian and English news website. It is mostly staffed by exiled reformist Iranian journalists including Masoud Behnoud, Ebrahim Nabavi and Nikahang Kowsar with… …   Wikipedia

  • List of Iranians — This is a list of notable Iranians: In the news * Nazanin Afshin Jam, Actress, Singer/Songwriter, Human Rights Activist, Miss World 2003 1st runner up; Miss Canada 2003. * Shohreh Aghdashloo, Iranian American actress * Goli Ameri, Republican… …   Wikipedia

  • Iranian blogs — Blogging in Iran operates under special circumstances because the government restricts certain views. Blogs in general tend to be unregulated compared to other forms of expression in Iranian society. This characteristic can account for the huge… …   Wikipedia

  • Iranian presidential election, 2005 — The Iranian presidential election of 2005, the ninth presidential election in Iranian history, took place in two rounds, first on June 17, 2005, the run off on June 24.It led to the victory of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the hardline mayor of Tehran,… …   Wikipedia

  • Evin-Gefängnis — Das Evin Gefängnis (persisch ‏زندان اوین‎) ist das bekannteste iranische Gefängnis. Es liegt am nördlichen Stadtrand von Teheran und entstand 1971 durch den Umbau des ehemaligen Domizils von Seyyed Zia eddin Tabatabaee. Ursprünglich für 320… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Evin (prison) — 35° 47′ 46″ N 51° 23′ 02″ E / 35.796, 51.384 …   Wikipédia en Français

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”